HISTORY 


OFTJU 


Confederated  Memorial 
Associations  of  the  South 


History 


OF  THE 


Confederated   Memorial   Associations 


OF  THE 


South. 


Give  the  laurel  to  the  victor,  give  the  song  unto  the  slain ; 
Give  the  iron  cross  of  honor,  ere  death  lays  the  Southron  down  ! 
But  give  to  these,  soul  proven,  tried  by  fire  and  fay  pain, 
The  memory  of  a  mother-love,  that  pressed  an  iron  crown  !" 


PUBLISHED   BY   THE 

Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
\\ 

Association. 


REVISED  AND  AUTHORIZED  EDITION. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1904, 

BY  MRS.  WILLIAM  J.  BEHAN, 

PRESIDENT,  CONFEDERATED  SOUTHERN  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 
In  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
...     .  .    *  All  rights  reserved. 


THE  GRAHAM  PRESS 
NEW  ORLEANS. 


Dedicated 

to  tbe 
Confederate  Soldier 

and 
2UI  wbo  loved,  lost  or  suffered, 

in  that  Cause, 

Gbe  grandest  tbat  ever  rose, 
Cbe  purest  tbat  ever  fell. 


'To  live  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  love  us, 
Is  not  to  die." 


TABLE   OF  CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Foreword 7 

Oration   on   Life   and   Services   of   Jefferson   Davis,   by   Hon.   Chas. 

E.     Fenner 9 

"  The   Women   of   the   Confederacy  " 27 

The  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 29 

The  Origin  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association.  ...    32 

Mrs.   J.  C.  Lee,  Montgomery,  Alabama 46 

Boligee,    Alabama 48 

Camden,   Alabama 49 

Florence,    Alabama 51 

Gainesville,  Alabama 54 

Montgomery,    Alabama 56 

"White  House  Memorial  Association,  Montgomery,  Alabama 63 

Union  Springs,  Alabama 64 

Fayetteville,    Arkansas 66 

Pensacola,    Florida 71 

Quincy,    Florida 75 

Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake,  Augusta,  Georgia S3 

Albany,     Georgia S4 

Americus,    Georgia 87 

Atlanta,    Georgia 88 

Athens,     Georgia 106 

Augusta,    Georgia 107 

Brunswick,    Georgia 115 

Columbus,    Georgia 116 

Mrs.  Chas.  J.  Williams,  Columbus,  Georgia 135 

Madison,    Georgia 136 

Marietta,    Georgia 140 

Resaca,     Georgia 143 

Rome,    Georgia 151 

Sandersville,    Georgia 154 

Savannah,    Georgia 156 

Sparta,    Georgia 157 

Thomson,    Georgia 159 

Washington,  Georgia 160 

Waynesboro,    Georgia 160 

View,  Kentucky 165 

Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana 166 

Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  168 

Ode  to  the  Confederate  Dead 178 

Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  191 
Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  .  .196 

Louisiana  Historical  Association,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 198- 

Biloxi,     Mississippi - 202 

Greenwood,  Mississippi 205 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS — Continued. 

Page, 

Vicksburg,    Mississippi 207 

Mrs.  Theodosia  Worthington  Valliant,  St.  Louis,  Missouri 212 

Cape    Girardeau,    Missouri 215 

Jefferson  City,   Missouri 217 

Mexico,    Missouri 219 

Nevada,  Missouri 219 

Springfield,    Missouri , 221 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 225 

Raleigh,  North  Carolina 227 

Washington,  North  Carolina 236 

Charleston,   South  Carolina 241 

Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina 244 

Knoxville,   Tennessee 247 

Southern  Mothers,  Memphis,  Tennessee 262 

Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  Memphis,  Tennessee.  ...  266 

Waco,    Texas 269 

A  Texas  Hero 273 

Danville,  Virginia 275 

Front  Royal,  Virginia 277 

Lexington,    Virginia 279 

Lynchburg,    Virginia 280 

Manassas,  Virginia 282 

Petersburg,    Virginia 288 

Portsmouth,    Virginia 292 

Hollywood  Memorial  Association,  Richmond,  Virginia 299 

Junior  Hollywood  Memorial  Association,  Richmond,  Virginia 302 

Oakwood  Memorial  Association,  Richmond,  Virginia 304 

Junior  Oakwood  Memorial  Association,  Richmond,  Virginia 307 

Confederate  Memorial,  Literary  Society,  Richmond,  Virginia 308 

Winchester,   Virginia 314 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

Hon.  Jefferson  Davis 8 

Mrs.    W.    J.    Behan,    President,    Confederated    Southern    Memorial 

Association 28 

.Miss     Sue     H.     Walker,     Corresponding     Secretary,     Confederated 

Southern  Memorial  Association 32 

Miss    Daisy    M.    L.    Hodgson,    Recording    Secretary,    Confederated 

Southern  Memorial  Association 36 

Mrs  Julia  Garside  Welch,  Treasurer,  Confederated  Southern  Memo 
rial   Association 40 

Mrs.    J.    C.    Lee,    Vice-President,    Alabama,    Confederated    Southern 

Memorial    Association 46 

Confederate  Monument,    Boligee,   Alabama 48 

Confederate  Monument,  Camden,  Alabama 50 

Confederate  Monument,   Florence,  Alabama 52 

Confederate  Monument,  Gainesville,  Alabama 54 

Mrs.  Sophie  Gilmer  Bibb,  Montgomery,  Alabama 56 

Confederate  Monument,  Montgomery,  Alabama 58 

White  House  of  the  Confederacy,  Montgomery,  Alabama 62 

Mrs.  J.  D.  Beale,  Montgomery,  Alabama 64 

Mrs.  J.  D.  Walker,  Vice-President,  Arkansas,  Confederated  South 
ern    Memorial    Association 66 

Confederate  Monument,   Fayetteville,   Arkansas 68 

Mrs.  Lizzie  Pollard,  Fayetteville,  Arkansas 70 

W.   D.    Chipley,   Pensacola,    Florida 72 

Confederate  Monument,  Pensacola  Florida 74 

Confederate    Monument,    Quincy,    Florida 76 

General  E.  A.  Perry,  Pensacola,  Florida 78 

Hon.  A.   E.  Maxwell,   Pensacola,   Florida 80 

Hon.  Stephen  R.  Mallory,  Pensacola,  Florida 82 

Mrs.     F.     A.     Timberlake,     Vice-President,     Georgia,     Confederated 

Southern  Memorial  Association 84 

Confederate    Monument,    Atlanta,    Georgia 88 

Ex-Presidents  of  Memorial  Association,  Atlanta,  Georgia 92 

Presidents   of  Memorial   Associations 96 

The  Lion  of  Atlanta,   Atlanta,   Georgia 100 

Confederate  Monument,  Griffin,  Georgia 104 

Mrs.    C.    A.    Rowland,    Augusta,    Georgia 108 

Confederate  Monument,   Augusta,   Georgia 110 

Confederate  Monument,  Brunswick,   Georgia 114 

Mrs.  Robert  Carter,  Columbus,  Georgia 116 

Mrs.  Louis  F.  Garrard,  Columbus,  Georgia 120 

Group  of  Officers,  Columbus,  Georgia 124 

Confederate  Monument,  Columbus,   Georgia 128 

Group   of   Officers,   Columbus,   Georgia 132 

Mrs.  Chas.  J.  Williams,  Columbus,  Georgia 134 

Confederate  Monument,  Dalton,  Georgia 138 

Confederate  Cemetery,  Marietta,   Georgia 140 

Confederate  Cemetery,  Resaca,  Georgia 142 

Confederate   Monuments 146 

-Confederate    Monument,    Rome,    Georgia ..150 


ILLUSTRATIONS — Continued. 

Page. 

Confederate  Monument,  Macon,  Georgia 154 

Monument  to  the  Gettysburg  Dead 156 

Confederate  Monument,  Waynesboro,  Georgia.... 160 

Presidents  of  Memorial  Associations 164 

Mrs.  M.  Louise  Benton  Garner-Graham,  Vice-President  Louisiana, 

Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 166 

Confederate  Monument,  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana 168 

Mrs.  Alice  Whiting  Waterman,  Madison,  Wisconsin 172 

Confederate  Rest,  Madison,  Wisconsin 176 

Confederate  Monument,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 178 

Miss  Estelle  M.  Hodgson,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 190 

Ex-Presidents  of  Memorial  Associations 196 

Memorial  Hall,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 198 

Mrs.  V.  Jefferson  Davis 202 

Home  of  Jefferson  Davis  (Soldier's  Home),  Beauvoir,  Mississippi.  ..204 

Confederate  Monument,  Vicksburg,  Mississippi 206 

Vice-Presidents  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 210 

Mrs.  Leroy  V.  Valliant,  Vice-President  Missouri,  Confederated 

Southern  Memorial  Association 214 

Presidents  of  Memorial  Associations 218 

Confederate  Monument,  Springfield,  Missouri 222 

Confederate  Monument,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina 228 

Ex-Presidents  of  Memorial  Associations 230 

Confederate  Monument,  Washington,  North  Carolina 236 

Mrs.  Amarintha  Snowden,  Charleston,  South  Carolina 240 

Confederate  Monument,  Charleston,  South  Carolina 242 

Captain  Samuel  E.  White  and  Group  of  Monuments,  Fort  Mill, 

South  Carolina 244 

Confederate  Monument,  Knoxville,  Tennessee 250 

Confederate  Monument  (Unveiling),  Knoxville,  Tennessee 255 

Southern  Mothers,  Memphis,  Tennessee 262 

Southern  Mothers,  Memphis,  Tennessee 264 

Mrs.  Fanny  Barker  Galloway,  Memphis,  Tennessee 266 

General  Lawrence  Sullivan  Ross,  Waco,  Texas 270 

Confederate  Monument,  Danville,  Virginia 274 

Confederate  Monument,  Front  Royal,  Virginia 276 

Confederate  Monument  (to  the  Memory  of  the  V.  M.  I.  Cadets).  .  ..278 

Mrs.  Lucy  Mina  Otey,  Lynchburg,  Virginia 280 

Mrs.  Kirkwood  Otey,  Lynchburg,  Virginia 282 

Confederate  Monument,  Manassas,  Virginia 286 

Confederate  Monument,  Petersburg,  Virginia 2SS 

"Old  Blandford  Church,"  Petersburg,  Virginia 290 

Mrs.  Eliza  Bilisoly,  Portsmouth,  Virginia 292 

Confederate  Monument,  Portsmouth,  Virginia 296 

Confederate  Monument  (Hollywood),  Richmond,  Virginia 300 

Confederate  Monuments 306 

White  House  of  the  Confederacy,  Richmond,  Virginia 310 

Officers  of  Memorial  Associations 314 


Errata. 


9 — llth  line  Johnson  should  read  Johnston. 
9 — In  foot  note  insert  Mr.  J.  U.  Payne,  the  father-in- 
law  of,  after  Jefferson  Davis. 

"      32— 19th  line,  insert  New   Orleans,  La.,  after  Blake. 

"     41— 33d  line,  Mrs.  L.  P.  May,  should  read  F.  P.  May. 

"  41 — 33d  line,  after  President,  insert  Miss  Rebecca 
White,  Secretary. 

«  43— 28th  line,  Capt.  Fred  LeCand  should  read  Miss 
Norma  Grillo. 

11  44 — 15th  line,  after  President,  insert  Mrs.  L.  P.  Fulp, 
Secretary. 

"    110 — 12th  line,  insert  In,  before  October. 

"    127— 9th  line,  Chpley,  should  read  Chipley. 

"  158 — Sentence  beginning  in  line  33  and  ending  in  line 
37,  should  read : 

Every  Memorial  Day  our  monument  is  wreathed 
with  evergreen,  token  of  our  unfailing  remem 
brance,  and  decorated  with  the  resurrected  flowers 
of  Spring-time,  as  fresh  and  sweet,  as  the  love  in 
our  unforgetting  hearts. 

"  182 — 31st  line,  Hon.  Chas.  E.  Fenner,  should  read  Mr. 
J.  U.  Payne. 

"    227— llth  line,  Wohe,  should  read  Wake. 

"    235— 13th  line,  Wohe,  should  read  Wake. 

"    257 — 33d  line,  withing,  should  read  within. 

"  261 — 6th  line,  the  band  struck  up  that  inspiring  piece 
of  music  to  Southern  men,  "Dixie,"  should  read, 
the  band  struck  up  "Dixie,"  that  piece  of  music  so 
inspiring  to  Southern  men. 

11    315— 40th  line,  bead,  should  read  bed. 

Illustrations. 

Page  50 — Camden  Monument,  1860,  should  read  1880. 
11      88— Atlanta  "  1872,       "          "     1874. 

"    114— Brunswick       "  1902,       "          "     1903. 

154 — Confederate  Monument,  insert  by,  after  1879. 


;  t 


tjroreworo. 


This  volume  is  a  votive  offering  at  the  shrine  of  our  short 
lived  nation's  memory,  by  the  last  of  the  "Old  Guard"  of  that 
noble  race  of  women,  whose  superb  heroism  was  only  limited  by 
the  supreme  need  of  its  action.  It  is  written  in  the  current 
which  flowed  from  bleeding  hearts,  it  is  bound  in  love,  it  is 
launched  in  hope.  May  history  perennially  repeat  its  story,  and 
preserve  it  as  the  immortal  testimony  that  the  women  of  the 
South  were  as  true  to  their  duty  to  "rise  and  build"  as  her 
men  were  to  suffer  and  die.  None  can  read  the  record  of  these 
pages,  without  being  moved  to  admiration  of  the  undaunted 
spirit  that  brought  forth  from  the  wine-press  of  poverty  and 
self-denial,  fruits  of  toil,  that  crystallized  into  glittering  mon 
uments  of  love,  cleaving  the  skies  of  the  Southland. 

The  material  for  this  volume  was  gained  from  articles  and 
letters  sent  us  by  Memorial  Associations.  The  manuscripts  for 
the  most  part  have  been  inserted  with  as  little  alteration  as 
possible.  The  matter  sent  us  was  related  in  such  con 
cise  and  modest  terms  that  small  opportunity  was  left  for 
condensation.  The  knowledge  obtained  in  such  a  necessarily 
desultory  manner  we  have  endeavored  to  arrange  and  edit  im 
partially.  The  publication  was  delayed  in  order  to  include 
all  associations  that  desired  to  appear  in  this  record  of  a 
people  who  have  won  immortality  through  sorrow  and  defeat. 

—  7  — 


We  finish  our  work  with  an  increased  enthusiasm,  chast 
ened  and  mellowed,  by  a  finer  knowledge  of  the  greater  pa 
triotism  of  others.  We  now  consign  this  sheaf  of  the  garnered 
grain  of  pious  workers  in  Memorial  fields  to  the  great  market 
of  the  world,  with  an  all  hail. 

M.  LOUISE  BENTON  GRAHAM,  Chairman, 
DAISY  M.  L.  HODGSON, 
VIRGINIA  FRAZER  BOYLE, 

Committee^ 


—  8  — 


JEFFERSON  DAVIS, 

President  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 


Oration 

*  Hon.  Chas. 

on  tne       — 
Life  and  HT 

Jefferson  Davis  ^SeT 

Services 

Orleans 

Jefferson  Davis  was  born  on  the  3rd  of  June,  1808,  in 
Christian  (now  Todd)  county,  Kentucky.  He  came  of  revolu 
tionary  stock.  His  father  and  two  of  his  uncles  rendered  honor 
able  service  as  soldiers  in  the  revolutionary  army. 

During  his  childhood  his  father  removed  first  to  Louisiana, 
and  then  to  Wilkinson  county,  Mississippi.  He  received  his 
primary  education  in  the  local  schools,  and  then  became  a 
student  at  Transylvania  University,  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he 
studied  until  November,  1823,  when,  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years 
he  was  appointed  to  West  Point,  where  he  was  a  contemporary, 
among  others,  of  his  life-long  friends,  Albert  Sidney  Johnson, 
Bishop  Leonidas  Polk  and  Alexander  Dallas  Bache. 

He  graduated  honorably  in  1828;  received  his  brevet  as  lieu 
tenant  of  infantry,  and  was  immediately  ordered  to  service  on 
the  frontier.  He  participated  in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and 
when  that  redoubtable  chief  surrendered,  the  duty  of  escorting 
him  and  his  braves  to  Fort  Jefferson,  near  St.  Louis,  was 
assigned  to  Lieutenant  Davis. 

In  recognition  of  his  efficient  services  he  was  selected  for  pro 
motion,  and  was  appointed  Adjutant  of  the  First  Eegiment  of 
the  United  States  Dragoons  at  its  organization. 

He  was  immediately  ordered  with  his  regiment  to  what  was 
then  the  extreme  frontier,  at  Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory,  and 
was  constantly  engaged  in  reconnoissances  and  expeditions 
against  the  hostile  Indians  of  the  wilderness  beyond,  in  which  he 
rendered  conspicuous  and  daring  services,  characterized  always 
by  devotion  to  duty  and  by  an  enterprising  eagerness  to  seek 
employment  on  every  difficult  or  dangerous  service. 

*  This  volume  being  published  and  sold  for  the  benefit  of  the  Jefferson  Davis 
Monument,  we  deem  the  above  the  most  patriotic  and  appropriate  introduction  to 
this  work.  It  was  delivered  before  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association  of 
New  Orleans,  on  June  3,  1901,  to  celebrate  the  ninety-third  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Jeff erson  Davis.  Judge  Fenner  was  the  life-long  friend  of  Jefferson  Davis,  and  at 
his  home,  the  lamented  Chieftain  of  the  Confederacy  breathed  his  last. 


While  still  in  the  regiment  of  infantry,  then  commanded  by 
Oolonel  Zachary  Taylor,  he  had  met  and  fallen  in  love  with  his 
Colonel's  daughter,  and  had  proposed  to  and  been  accepted  by 
her.  In  1835  he  resigned  from  the  army  and  married  Miss 
'Taylor. 

He  then  determined  to  devote  himself  to  the  occupation  of  a 
planter,  and  accepting  the  invitation  of  his  eldest  brother,  Joseph 
E.  Davis,  he,  with  his  bride,  removed  to  his  brother's  plantation 
in  Warren  County,  Mississippi,  and  employed  himself  in  the 
opening  and  establishment  of  the  Brierfield  plantation,  adjoin 
ing  that  of  his  brother. 

Very  soon  after  his  arrival  both  he  and  his  wife  were  attacked 
with  malarial  fever,  and  within  a  few  months  after  his  marriage 
his  young  bride  succumbed  to  it,  and  he  was  left  to  struggle  with 
his  own  desperate  illness.  Although  his  life  long  trembled  in 
the  balance  he  recovered,  and  after  recruiting  his  shattered 
health  by  a  winter  in  Havana,  followed  by  a  visit  to  Washington, 
he  returned  to  his  brother's  plantation,  and  applied  himself 
anew  to  the  development  and  cultivation  of  Brierfield. 

HIS   PLANTATION    LIFE 

during  the  next  seven  years  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  and 
fruitful  episodes  of  his  career.  His  brother,  Joseph  E. 
Davis,  twenty  years  his  senior,  was  a  very  remarkable 
man.  Educated  as  a  lawyer  and  long  engaged  in  suc 
cessful  practice,  he  had  abandoned  his  profession  and 
for  many  years  had  lived  in  seclusion  on  his  plantation.  He 
had  accumulated  a  large  and  well  selected  library,  and  was  an 
omnivorous  reader  and  student.  He  had  an  alert  and  active 
intellect,  greedy  of  knowledge,  acutely  observant  of  current 
events,  deeply  interested  in  all  the  living  questions  of  the  time, 
with  pronounced  convictions  and  a  proneness  for  polemical 
discussion,  in  which  his  keen  logic  and  rare  faculty  of  expression 
made  him  a  master.  I  have  heard  thovse  who  knew  them  both, 
and  were  ardent  admirers  of  the  younger  and  more  distinguished 
brother,  express  doubt  as  to  whether  the  elder  was  not  even  his 
superior  in  intellectual  powers. 

Jefferson  Davis  was  a  man  of  similar  tastes  and  tempera 
ment.  He  had  always  been  a  student.  Those  who  knew  him 
during  his  army  life  attest  that  he  always  evinced  a  contemptu 
ous  aversion  to  the  common  dissipations  and  frivolities  of  the 

—  10  — 


camp,  and  that  whenever  not  engaged  in  active  duty  he  devoted 
himself  to  diligent  and  instructive  reading. 

These  two  congenial  spirits  thus  thrown  together  in  their 
rustic  seclusion,  employed  the  large  leisure  which  the  planter's 
life  of  that  day  afforded,  in  eager  and  systematic  intellectual 
culture  and  training.  They  read  everything,  and  they  dis 
cussed  everything.  Their  constant  exchange  of  ideas  and  im 
pressions  on  every  variety  of  subjects  enlarged  and  precised  their 
knowledge,  and  the  frequent  clashes  of  their  minds  in  keen 
debate  fixed  the  clearness  and  certainty  of  their  convictions,  and 
developed  the  power  of  enforcing  them  by  logical  exposition  and 
copious  argument  and  illustration. 

From  this  veritable  gymnasium,  Jefferson  Davis  emerged,  at 
the  end  of  seven  years,  a  trained  intellectual  athlete,  with  all  the 
muscles  of  his  mind  perfectly  developed  and  thoroughly  fit  for 
any  service  which  might  be  thrown  upon  them. 

No  one  who  knew  Mr.  Davis  in  after  years  could  fail  to  be 
impressed  with  the  extraordinary  range,  accuracy  and  variety 
of  his  knowledge  on  all  kinds  of  subjects,  or  to  wonder  how,  in 
so  active  a  life,  he  had  found  time  to  gain  it. 

All  equally  wondered  at  the  marvelous  aptness  and  power  as 
an  orator  and  debater,  displayed  from  the  very  opening  of  his 
public  career,  by  a  man  whose  previous  life  had  been  passed  in 
active  military  service  on  the  frontier,  and  afterwards  in  the 
seclusion  of  rural  life. 

These  marvels  are  no  doubt  accounted  for  in  part  by  his  great 
natural  gifts,  but  also  in  large  degree  by  the  results  of  these 
fruitful  years  which  he  passed  in  study,  discussion  and  debate 
with  his  gifted  brother. 

Amongst  the  subjects  which  engaged  their  special  attention 
were  political  economy,  political  history  and  philosophy,  and 
especially  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  its  history,  its 
construction  and  the  true  theory  and  nature  of  the  government 
established  thereby.  Although  not  a  professional  lawyer,  I  make 
bold  to  say  that  Jefferson  Davis  became  one  of  the  greatest 
constitutional  lawyers  that  this  country  has  ever  produced. 

He  then  became  a  thorough  convert  to  what  was  known  as  the 
State's  rights  school  of  politics,  based  upon  the  doctrine  that  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  was  a  purely  federal  compact, 
entered  into  between  sovereign  and  independent  States,  which 
did  not,  by  entering  into  such  a  compact,  forfeit  or  yield  up  their 

—  11  — 


sovereignty,  but  had  merely  agreed  to  delegate  certain  powers  to 
the  federal  government  instituted  thereby,  as  a  common  agent, 
without  limitation  as  to  time  and  subject  to  recall  and  re- 
assumption  by  any  one  of  the  sovereign  principals  that  conferred 
them  whenever  in  its  judgment  they  had  been  abused  or  per 
verted  to  its  injury. 

Mr.  Davis  was  a  constant  advocate  of  this  doctrine  from  the 
beginning  of  his  public  career  down  to  the  last  moment  of  his 
life.  He  announced  it  with  equal  frankness  when  Massachusetts 
proclaimed  her  right  to  secede  from  the  Union  because  of  the 
admission  of  Texas  as  a  State,  as  when  his  own  State  of  Missis 
sippi  actually  seceded. 

The  doctrine,  perhaps,  sounds  strangely  to-day  in  the  ears 
of  a  generation  which  has  been  reared  since  the  war  under  a 
Constitution  interpreted  by  the  fiery  edict  of  battle  to  import 
forever  an  indissoluble  Union,  and  under  a  defiant  national 
government  which  brooks  no  denial  of  its  sovereignty.  I  am  not 
here  to  arraign  or  question  the  finality  of  the  dread  arbitrament 
of  war.  I  am  not  here  to  deny  that  the  right  of  secession  has 
been  practically  eviscerated  from  the  Constitution  by  the  bloody 
Caesarian  operation  of  battle.  I  am  not  here  even  to  deny  that 
it  may  be  better  for  us  all  and  better  for  the  world  that  such  a 
settlement  has  been  made.  I  yield  to  none  in  patriotic  devotion 
to  the  Union  as  it  stands  to-day.  I  proclaim  my  readiness  to 
cast  in  my  lot  and  that  of  my  posterity  under  the  protection  of 
the  "Indissoluble  Union  of  indestructible  States"  which  has 
been  established  by  the  war,  but  speaking  from  the  ante-bellum 
standpoint,  viewing  it  as  a  purely  historical  question,  in  vindica 
tion  of  the  cause  for  which  our  brothers  and  our  fathers  fought,  I 
am  bound  to  declare  my  unalterable  conviction  that  the  theory  of 
the  Constitution,  adopted  and  advocated  by  Jefferson  Davis,  and 
acted  on  by  the  Southern  States  when  they  seceded,  was  the  true 
theory  of  that  instrument  as  it  was  designed  and  came  from  the 
hands  of  its  framers,  and  was  the  only  theory  upon  which  it 
could  have  ever  secured  the  consent  of  the  States. 

The  Constitution  had  its  origin  in  the  exercise  of  the  right  of 
secession  from  the  former's  federal  'compact,  which  existed 
between  the  States,  although  the  articles  of  confederation  ex 
pressly  declared  that  the  Union  established  thereby  was  to  be  a 
"  perpetual  Union/'  Nobody  had  the  temerity  to  propose  such 
a  provision  in  the  new  Constitution,  nor  does  it  contain  a  word 

—  12 — 


which  hints  at  the  surrender  of  this  then  acknowledged  and 
asserted  right  of  secession  from  the  former  federal  compact.  A 
proposition  to  invest  the  Federal  Government  with  power  to 
coerce  a  recalcitrant  State  was  made  in  the  convention,  but  was 
overwhelmingly  defeated,  and  this  denial  of  power  to  compel  a 
State  to  remain  in  the  Union  was  surely,  for  all  practical  pur 
poses,  an  acknowledgment  of  its  right  to  secede.  More 
over,  the  conventions  of  several  of  the  States,  in  their  acts 
of  ratification  of  the  Constitution,  expressly  reserved  the  right  of 
the  people  of  the  State  to  reassume  the  powers  delegated  when 
ever  they  shall  he  perverted  to  their  injury  or  such  reassump- 
tion  "  should  become  necessary  to  their  happiness." 

Numerous  attempts  were  made  in  the  convention  to  impress 
on  the  government  instituted  by  the  Constitution  the  character 
of  nationality,  but  everyone  was  overwhelmingly  defeated,  and 
the  most  solicitous  care  was  taken  at  every  point  and  in  every 
step  to  preserve  its  character  as  a  purely  federal  compact  be 
tween  sovereign  and  independent  States  which  retained  their 
inherent  sovereignty,  and  all  the  powers  pertaining  thereto, 
•  except  the  carefully  limited  functions  which  were  expressly  dele 
gated  to  the  Federal  Government  as  a  common  agent. 

But  I  must  not  allow  myself  to  be  drawn  into  further  dis 
cussion  of  this  great  question.  Fortunately,  Jefferson  Davis, 
aided  by  the  exhaustive  researches  of  Albert  Taylor  Bledsoe  and 
of  our  distinguished  and  venerable  fellow-citizen,  B.  J.  Sage,  has 
formulated  the  whole  argument  in  his  "  Rise  and  Fall  of  the 
Confederate  Government."  I  have  recently  re-read  that  matchless 
argument.  It  is  comprised  in  the  fifteen  chapters  of  part  II  of 
that  work,  and  embraces  only  112  pages. 

Speaking  with  all  due  temperance  and  strictly  as  a  legal  critic, 
I  pronounce  it  one  of  the  most  powerful  and  masterly  legal  and 
constitutional  arguments  of  which  I  have  any  knowledge  in  the 
English  language.  In  logical  arrangement,  in  lucidity  of  ex 
pression,  in  closeness  of  reasoning,  in  the  amplitude  and  pre 
cision  with  which  it  marshals  the  facts  and  evidence,  in  the 
candor  and  force  with  which  it  states  and  refutes  the  assump 
tions  and  arguments  of  his  opponents,  in  the  admirable  sobriety 
-of  its  temper,  it  stands  as  a  monument  to  his  genius  and  as  a 
model  of  constitutional  exposition.  It  has  never  been  answered, 
and  it  is  unanswerable.  It  was  intended  and  it  serves  as  a 
complete  vindication  of  the  right  of  the  Southern  States  to 

—  18  — 


withdraw  from  the  Federal  Union.,  to  terminate  the  compact 
which  they  had  made  with  their  sister  States  and  to  re-assume 
the  powers  which  had  been  delegated  to  the  Federal  Government 
as  a  common  agent.  Buried  in  the  huge  tomes  of  which  it  forms 
a  part,  this  grand  constitutional  argument  has  not  attracted  the 
attention  which  it  deserves.  It  is  complete  in  itself,  and  T  believe 
it  would  be  a  service  to  all  the  people  of  this  country  if  it  were 
published  by  itself  in  a  small  volume  or  pamphlet  and  dissemi 
nated  throughout  the  land.  It  should  be  read  by  every  patriot, 
Northern  as  well  as  Southern.  It  deals  with  what  is  to-day  a 
purely  historical  question.  As  citizens  of  a  re-united  country 
and  restored  Union,  living  under  a  Constitution  from  which 
all  admit  that  the  right  of  peaceable  secession  has  been  eliminated 
by  the  inveterate  res  adjudicata  of  war,  and,  therefore,  irre 
vocably  bound  together  for  weal  or  woe,  we  are  all  concerned  in 
finding  the  true  basis  on  which  we  may  forever  live  together  as 
friends.  The  safest  guarantee  of  the  permanence  of  the  Union 
and  of  peace,  harmony,  happiness  and  prosperity  of  our  people 
must  be  found  in  the  mutual  respect  and  forbearance  from  insult 
of  all  sections  of  the  people  towards  each  other.  Nothing  can 
conduce  to  this  so  powerfully  as  a  true  and  correct  understand 
ing  of  the  grounds  and  motives  on  which  the  Southern  States 
acted  when  they  seceded  from  the  Union,  and  on  which  especially 
the  people  of  those  States,  as  well  those  who  opposed,  as  those 
who  favored  secession,  believed  in  their  duty  to  yield  their 
allegiance  to  the  States  of  which  they  were  citizens. 

But  let  me  pass  from  this  subject  and  proceed  with  my  sketch. 

Such  a  light  as  that  of  Jefferson  Davis  could  not  remain  hid 
under  a  bushel.  In  1844  he  was  chosen  as  the  Democratic  can 
didate  for  presidential  elector  in  the  canvass  between  Mr.  Clay 
and  Mr.  Polk.  He  canvassed  the  State,  and  thus  became  known 
to  the  people  of  Mississippi.  From  that  time  he  became  their 
idol. 

In  1845  he  was  married  to  the  noble  and  gifted  woman  who 
clung  to  him,  not  only  as  a  faithful  wife,  but  as  his  "  guide,  phil 
osopher  and  friend"  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  his  check 
ered  career — who  shared  and  sympathized  in  all  his  ambitions 
and  triumphs — who,  in  his  hour  of  calamity,  such  as  has  rarely 
fallen  to  human  lot  when  he  seemed  to  be  deserted  by  all 
the  world,  stood  heroically  by  him,  clamoring  for  justice  and 
fiercely  defying  and  resisting  the  torrent  of  unmerited  de- 

—  14  — 


nunciation  and  abuse  which  was  poured  upon  his  defenseless 
head — and  who,  after  death  had  snatched  him  from  her, 
true  in  death  as  she  had  been  in  life,  devoted  long  and 
laborious  years  of  her  desolate  widowhood  to  the  writing  of  that 
memoir  of  her  husband  which  stands  as  an  exhaustive  and  tri 
umphant  vindication  of  his  memory,  and  will  survive  as  one  of 
the  most  valuable  contributions  which  has  yet  been  made  to  the 
history  of  a  momentous  era. 

Immediately  after  his  marriage,  Mr.  Davis  was  elected  as  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  and  took  his  seat  in  December,  1845. 
The  burning  questions  of  the  hour  were  the  Oregon  dispute  with 
Great  Britain,  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  those  arising  out  of  the 
annexation  of  Texas.  Mr.  Davis  leaped  at  once,  full-armed  into 
the  arena  of  debate,  and  in  several  speeches  of  great  power  and 
eloquence  attracted  the  attention  of  the  House  and  of  the  people 
and  fixed  all  eyes  upon  him  as  one  of  the  coming  men  of  the  day. 

His  career  as  Eepresentative  was  cut  short  by  the  war  with 
Mexico.  In  June,  1846,  he  was  called  to  assume  the  Colonelcy  of 
the  regiment  of  volunteers  which  Mississippi  was  raising  for 
active  service  in  the  field.  He  immediately  accepted  and  re 
paired  to  Mississippi,  completed  its  organization  and  promptly 
joined  the  army  then  fighting  under  Taylor.  The  record  of 
the  brilliant  exploits  of  Jefferson  Davis  and  his  Mississippi 
Rifles  forms  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  chapters  in  the  history 
of  that  war.  He  returned,  a  wounded  hero,  amidst  the  acclama 
tions  of  all  his  countrymen.  Within  less  than  two  months  after 
his  return,  he  was  first  appointed,  and  then  received  the  unpre 
cedented  compliment  of  being  unanimously  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  in  which  he  took  his  seat  in  December,  1847. 

In  1853  he  was  called  to  the  Cabinet  of  President  Pierce  as 
Secretary  of  War,  in  which  he  served  until  the  expiration  of  Mr. 
Pierce's  term  in  1857.  At  that  time  he  had  already  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  and  passed  immediately  from  the  Cabinet 
to  the  Senate,  where  he  served  until  the  war. 

Before  adverting  to  the  senatorial  career  of  Mr.  Davis,  let  us 
make  a  brief  reference  to  the  services  of  Mr.  Davis  as  a  member 
of  the  Cabinet. 

He  superintended  the  extension  of  the  Capitol  building;  he 
co-operated  with  Bache  in  the  scientific  development  of  the  coast 
survey;  he  interested  himself  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute;  he 
forwarded  the  scientific  study  of  the  problems  of  the  Mississippi 

—  15  — 


river;  he  directed  surveys  for  a  railway  to  the  Pacific;  he  re 
vised  the  army  regulations;  he  introduced  light  infantry  or  the 
rifle  system  of  tactics;  he  inaugurated  the  manufacture  of 
rifles,  pistols  and  the  use  of  the  minie  ball;  he  induced  the 
addition  of  four  regiments  to  the  army,  and  organized  a  cavalry 
service  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  country;  he  augmented  the 
seacoast  and  frontier  defenses;  he  had  the  western  part  of  the 
continent  explored  for  scientific,  geographical  and  railroad  pur 
poses.  He  was  universally  recognized  as  a  great  Secretary  of 
War,  and  few  have  filled  that  high  office  who  left  behind 
more  enduring  monuments  of  wise  and  efficient  administration. 

Let  us  now  return  to  Mr.  Davis'  career  as  a  Senator. 

That  was  the  era  of  senatorial  giants.  Clay,  Webster,  Calhoun, 
Benton,  Seward,  Benjamin,  Douglas,  Toombs  and  a  host  of  other 
men  hardly  less  distinguished  adorned  its  rolls  and  formed  a 
galaxy  of  genius  such  as  has  rarely  been  gathered  in  any  deliber 
ative  body.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  Jefferson  Davis 
promptly  took  his  place  amongst  the  foremost  of  them  all,  and 
won  speedy  and  universal  recognition  as  inferior  to  none  in 
power  of  debate,  in  forensic  eloquence,  in  indomitable  courage 
and  tact,  in  breadth  and  depth  of  knowledge  and  in  masterly 
equipment  for  all  the  duties  of  practical  and  philosophic  states 
manship. 

The  times  were  stirring ;  the  flames  of  sectional  agitation  and 
conflict  which  had  smoldered  since  the  Missouri  compromise 
had  been  fanned  into  new  life  by  the  admission  of  Texas  as  a 
State,  and  were  now  burning  fiercely  about  the  disposition  which 
should  be  made  of  the  territories  of  California  and  New  Mexico, 
recently  acquired  under  the  treaty  with  Mexico,  and  of  the  re 
maining  territories  of  the  Louisiana  purchase.  It  was  a  renewal 
of  that  fatal  sectional  strife  between  the  Northern  and  the  South 
ern  States,  which  continued  to  rage  with  growing  fury  and  in 
tensity  until  it  culminated  in  the  secession  of  the  Southern  States 
and  the  consequent  long  and  bloody  war. 

It  is  important  to  have  a  just  understanding  of  the  true 
nature  and  scope  of  those  controversies.  An  entirely  false  con 
ception  of  their  true  nature  and  scope  has  grown  up  and  been 
assiduously  cultivated  to  the  effect  that  it  was  a  contest  between 
the  essential  principles  of  liberty  and  slavery.  Nothing 
could  be  farther  from  the  truth.  Whatever  may  have 
been  the  abstract  opinions  of  individuals  on  either  side ;  whatever 

—  16  — 


may  have  been  the  ulterior  designs  of  certain  leaders  of  public 
opinion  in  the  North;  whatever  may  have  been  the  logical  ten 
dency  of  the  doctrines  of  the  "irrepressible  conflict"  between 
liberty  and  slavery,  and  of  the  existence  of  "  a  law  higher  than 
the  Constitution/'  the  fact  remains  that  neither  party  to  those 
controversies  openly  suggested  or  proposed  the  liberation  of  a 
solitary  slave  then  held  in  bondage.  All  agreed  that  the  status 
of  slavery  as  it  existed  in  the  Southern  States  was  conclusively 
protected  by  the  Constitution,  and  could  not  be  affected  or 
impaired  by  any  action  of  the  Federal  Government.  Every  as 
surance  was  offered  the  Southern  States  that  slavery  within  their 
limits  should  not  be  interferred  with.  In  the  compromise  of 
1850  the  consideration  which  the  Southern  States  received, 
freely  offered  and  adopted  by  Northern  votes,  was  the  enact 
ment  by  Congress  of  a  more  stringent  law  for  the  return  of  fugi 
tive  slaves.  Even  after  secession  and  while  the  war  was  flagrant, 
the  Federal  Government  emphatically  proclaimed  that  it  had  no 
right,  no  power  and  no  disposition  to  interfere  with  slavery  in 
the  Southern  States.  But  for  secession  and  the  consequent  war, 
and  for  emancipation  avowedly  adopted  purely  and  solely  as  a 
war  measure,  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  slavery  would  be 
existing  to-day  just  as  it  existed  before  the  war,  under  the  full 
protection  of  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States. 

The  true  question  involved  in  those  controversies  was  a  ques 
tion  of  "balance  of  power"  between  the  Northern  and  South 
ern  States.  Slavery,  as  a  peculiar  institution  of  the  South,  cre 
ated  a  diversity  and  conflict  of  interests  between  the  two  sections, 
and  each  was  eager,  in  the  admission  of  the  new  States,  to  secure 
allies  which  might  contribute  to  the  advancement  and  protection 
of  its  own  interests.  Obviously,  unless  the  people  of  the  Southern 
States  could  remove  to  the  common  territories  of  the  Union, 
carrying  with  them  their  property,  these  would  inevitably  be 
populated  by  settlers  from  the  Northern  States,  and  would  come 
into  the  Union  as  free  States  to  swell  the  power  and  influence 
of  the  opposing  section.  The  principle  for  which  the  Southern 
people  contended  was  simply  the  doctrine  of  which  we  are  to-day 
hearing  so  much — the  principle  that  "the  Constitution  follows 
the  flag,"  and  that  the  territories,  being  the  common  property 
of  all  the  United  States,  acquired  by  the  common  blood  and  the 
common  treasure,  the  Constitution  guaranteed  to  all  the  people 
the  equal  right  of  migrating  to  them,  and  of  carrying  with  them 

—  17  — 


their  property,  of  whatever  nature,  recognized  and  protected  by 
the  Constitution.  The  Northern  people,  or  at  least  the  domi 
nant  majority  of  them,  asserted  the  power  and  duty  of  Congress 
to  exclude  slavery  from  the  territories,  and  to  prevent  the  citi 
zens  of  the  Southern  States  from  settling  in  the  same, 
unless  they  abandoned  and  left  behind  them  their 
slaves,  which  -constituted  their  most  valuable  property. 
Although  the  present  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  by 
a  bare  majority  of  one,  has  recently  asserted  the  practical  omnipo 
tence  of  Congress  over  the  territories  free  from  constitutional 
restraints,  the  Supreme  Court  at  that  day  took  a  different  view, 
and  in  the  Dred  Scott  case  gave  its  emphatic  sanction  to  the  con 
tention  of  the  Southern  people. 

It  is  needless  to  follow  the  history  and  developments  of  those 
memorable  controversies.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  events  occurred 
and  conflicts  arose  which  rendered  impossible  the  continuance  of 
a  voluntary  Union.  The  predestined  strife  was  not  to  be  averted. 
Passion  usurped  the  seat  of  reason.  Dissension  swelled  into 
defiance.  Chiding  grew  into  fierce  recrimination.  Constant 
quarrel  ripened  into  hate.  Fourteen  Northern  States,  in  their  so- 
termed  <e  personal  liberty  bills,"  openly  nullified  the  Constitution 
in  that  very  clause  which  had  been  the  condition  sine  qua  non 
upon  which  the  Southern  States  had  acceded  to  the  compact.  A 
sectional  party  was  formed  upon  a  basis  known  and  designed  to 
exclude  from  its  ranks  the  entire  people  of  fifteen  States,  and 
that  party  triumphed  by  an  electoral  majority  which  left  no  hope 
that  it  could  ever  be  overcome. 

Surely  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  was  not  framed 
to  meet  or  to  fit  such  a  condition  of  affairs.  It  was  a  compact 
entered  into  between  independent  States  for  the  declared  purpose 
of  promoting  the  "  common  defense  and  general  welfare,"  and  of 
"  insuring  domestic  tranquillity."  It  was  a  league  between  friends 
not  between  enemies;  and  when  conditions  arose  which  arrayed 
the  sections  in  permanent  conflict  with  each  other,  and  changed 
their  relations  and  feelings  towards  each  other  from  friendship 
into  enmity,  he  must  have  been  blind  indeed  who  could  not  see 
that  the  continuance  of  a  voluntary  Union  became  impossible. 

Mr.  Davis  naturally  espoused  the  cause  of  his  people,  and 
became  one  of  its  ablest  and  most  ardent  advocates.  None  saw 
more  clearly  or  deprecated  more  deeply  the  inevitable  result 
of  the  continuance  of  such  a  conflict.  He  proclaimed  on  all 

—  18  — 


occasions  his  love  for  the  Union.  He  had  spent  almost  his  entire 
life  in  its  service.  Although  he  was  a  firm  believer  in  the  right 
of  secession,  he  regarded  it  as  a  last  resort,  only  to  be  exercised 
in  the  last  extremity,  when  all  other  means  for  securing  har 
mony  and  a  just  respect  for  the  rights  of  all  under  the  Constitu 
tion  had  hopelessly  failed.  With  the  prescience  of  a  statesman, 
he  saw,  more  clearly  perhaps  than  any  other  man  of  his  time, 
that  the  inevitable  result  of  the  conditions  then  existing  must 
be  the  dissolution  of  the  Union,  and  he  strove  with  all  his  might 
to  avert  it.  He  exhausted  his  powers  of  luminous  exegesis  in 
expounding  the  true  theory  of  the  Coustitution,  and  of  the  rela 
tions  thereunder  of  the  States  to  each  other  and  to  the  Federal 
Government.  He  lifted  his  voice  in  eloquent  warning  as  to  the 
sure  result  of  sectional  strife  as  fatal  to  the  continuance  of  the 
Union.  He  pleaded  pathetically  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Constitutional  Union.  He  made  impassioned  appeals  to  the 
patriotism  of  the  Northern  people  to  respect  the  constitutional 
rights  of  the  States,  and  to  desist  from  their  furious  and  insult 
ing  assaults  upon  the  institutions  of  the  South,  for  the  existence 
of  which  the  whole  people  of  the  United  States  shared  an  equal 
responsibility,  and  for  the  protection  of  which  all  the  people  of 
all  the  States  were  solemnly  bound  by  the  Constitution. 

These  efforts  he  continued  down  to  the  last  moment  of  his 
senatorial  career.  He  participated  in  the  efforts  of  Crittenden 
and  of  Douglas  and  of  other  conservative  men  to  devise  some 
compromise  of  the  differences  between  the  sections  which  might 
avert  secession.  He  served  on  the  committee  appointed  by  the 
Senate  to  devise  such  a  basis  of  amicable  settlement.  In  his  last 
speech  in  the  Senate  before  his  retirement  he  said : 

"What,  Senators,  to-day  is  the  condition  of  the  country?  From 
every  corner  of  it  comes  the  wailing  cry  of  patriotism,  pleading 
for  the  preservation  of  the  great  inheritance  we  derived  from 
our  fathers.  Is  there  a  Senator  who  does  not  daily  receive  letters 
appealing  to  him  to  use  even  the  small  power  which  one  man 
here  possesses  to  save  the  rich  inheritance  our  fathers  gave  us? 
Tears  are  trickling  down  the  stern  faces  of  men  who  have  bled 
for  the  flag  of  their  country  and  who  are  willing  now  to  die  for 
it ;  but  patriotism  stands  powerless  before  the  plea  that  the  party 
about  to  come  into  power  laid  down  a  platform,  and  that,  come 
what  will,  though  ruin  stare  in  the  face,  consistency  must  be 
adhered  to,  even  though  the  Government  be  lost." 


Is  this  the  language  of  a  cold-blooded  conspirator?  Yet  it  is 
but  a  sample  of  the  ardent  and  eloquent  appeals  which  Mr.  Davis 
made  for  the  preservation  of  the  Constitutional  Union. 

In  the  actual  movements  taken  by  his  State  towards  secession, 
he  was  not  the  leader,  but  the  follower  and  moderator  of  his 
people.  He  favored  caution  and  delay  in  order  to  leave  open  as 
long  as  possible  every  chance  for  amicable  arrangement,  and  he 
thereby  incurred  the  criticism  of  his  friends,  who  were  bent  on 
immediate  action,  and  who  accused  him  of  not  being  in  heart 
with  the  movement. 

When  all  attempts  at  settlement  had  been  met  by  determined 
and  immovable  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  dominant  party, 
and  when  Mississippi  had  actually  seceded  and  re-assumed  her 
position  as  a  sovereign  State,  nothing  was  left  for  Mr.  Davis,  but 
to  yield  his  unqualified  allegiance  to  the  State  of  which  he  was  a 
citizen,  and  to  which  he  believed  his  allegiance  was  due.  His 
parting  words  to  his  fellow-Senators  upon  his  retirement  indi 
cated  in  eloquent  terms  that  he  parted  from  them,  not  in  anger, 
but  in  deepest  sorrow. 

Jefferson  Davis  was  not  an  aspirant  for  the  position  of  Presi 
dent  of  the  Confederate  States.  He  had  signified  to  his  friends 
his  preference  for  service  as  a  soldier  in  the  field,  and  supposed 
that  he  had  guarded  against  any  consideration  of  his  name  for 
the  presidency,  but  when  the  delegates  of  the  States  assembled 
in  convention  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  provisional  gov 
ernment,  it  proved  to  be  their  unanimous  sentiment  that  Jeffer 
son  Davis  was  the  man  of  all  others  best  fitted  for  the  responsible 
position  of  President  of  the  Confederate  States.  When  he  was 
informed  of  this  unanimous  action  he  felt  compelled  to  yield  his 
personal  preferences  and  not  to  shirk  the  responsibility  which 
was  thus  thrust  upon  him  by  the  representatives  of  the  people. 

Of  Mr.  Davis'  career  as  President  of  the  Confederate  States, 
I  shall  say  but  little.  The  wisdom  of  his  administration  of  that 
high  office  has  been  subjected  to  that  fierce  criticism  which  al 
ways  falls  upon  the  heads  of  the  leaders  of  lost  causes.  But  when 
we  consider  the  condition  and  environment  of  the  Southern 
States  when  they  entered  upon  this  tremendous  war — their  lack 
of  arms,  of  ammunition,  of  workshops,  of  factories,  of  trained 
mechanics,  of  ships  of  war  and  merchant  vessels;  their  inade 
quate  facilities  of  transportation,  their  agricultural  condition 
which  had  always  been  engaged  in  the  production  of  articles  for 

0 

—  20  — 


export,  and  had  been  dependent  upon  the  Northern  States  for 
supplies  of  food  and  forage,  their  want,  in  fine,  of  everything 
which  was  essential  to  prepare  a  people  for  sucessful  warfare; 
when  we  consider  that  they  were  speedily  cut  off  by  blockade 
from  all  communication  with  foreign  countries;  when  we  con 
sider  that  they  were  thus  thrown  upon  their  own  resources  to  ex 
temporize  the  means  of  supplying  all  these  wants ;  when  we  con 
sider  the  enormous  odds  against  which  they  had  to  contend,  not 
only  in  numbers,  but  in  every  other  conceivable  advantage,  and 
when  we  then  reflect  upon  the  magnificent  contest  which  they 
maintained  for  four  years  against  overwhelming  odds,  it  is  noth 
ing  short  of  childish  folly  to  deny  that  the  leader  in  such  a  con 
test  must  have  been  a  man  of  exceptional  character  and  ability. 
The  verdict  of  history  which  has  already  stamped  the  achieve 
ments  of  the  South  in  that  long  and  bloody  war  as  amongst  the 
most  wonderful  and  heroic  that  were  ever  accomplished  by  any 
people,  can  not  fail  to  accord  to  Jefferson  Davis,  as  their  leader 
from  first  to  last,  his  full  share  of  the  credit  and  glory  which  be 
longed  to  them.  He  may  have  made  mistakes,  and  doubtless 
did,  but  the  incomparable  morale  of  the  Confederate  armies  and 
people  was  largely  inspired  by  the  indomitable  courage  of  Jeffer 
son  Davis,  and  by  their  confidence  that,  whatever  might  befall, 
he  would  stand  by  his  guns  to  the  very  last,  and  would  never 
yield  to  anything  less  than  the  absolute  destruction  of  all  power 
of  further  resistance. 

That  confidence  was  fully  justified  by  the  event.  When  ruin 
and  defeat  encompassed  us  on  every  side ;  when  the  army  of  Lee 
had  been,  not  defeated,  but  destroyed;  when  the  Confederate 
Capitol  had  fallen  and  the  government  was  compelled  to  flee  for 
safety,  the  indomitable  Southern  chieftain  was  still  defiant,  and 
was  still  busy  and  intent  on  schemes  to  rally  the  remains  of  his 
shattered  forces,  and  to  renew  and  maintain  the  fight  as  long  as 
there  remained  a  shot  in  the  locker.  Had  he  escaped,  the  history 
of  the  Confederate  war  might  not  have  closed  without  a  final 
chapter,  which,  owing  to  his  surprise  and  capture,  remained  un 
written. 

The  treatment  of  which  Jefferson  Davis  was  made  the  victim 
after  his  capture  is  a  chapter  which  all  good  men  would  like  to 
see  blotted  from  the  history  of  the  Eepublic.  Something  is  to 
be  forgiven  to  the  intensity  of  excitement  and  resentment  which 
prevailed  at  that  time.  Let  us  cast  the  mantle  of  charitable 

—  21  — 


silence  over  the  indignities.,  humiliations  and  unnecessary  cruel 
ties  which  for  many  months  were  visited  upon  a  sick,  helpless 
and  defenseless  prisoner.  The  memory  of  them  can  serve  no 
purpose,  except  to  illustrate  the  heroic  fortitude  and  undaunted 
spirit  of  their  victim.  But  there  were  other  injuries  far  worse 
than  any  mere  physical  tortures,  which  justice  demands  should 
not  be  left  unnoticed. 

All  the  efforts  of  the  powers  that  were,  to  "make  treason 
odious/'  were  concentrated  upon  the  defenseless  head  of  Jeffer 
son  Davis.  The  flood  gates  of  slander  and  obloquy  were  opened 
wide  upon  him.  His  character  was  distorted  and  vilified ;  he  was 
painted  as  a  monster  of  cruelty  and  cowardice,  a  vile  conspirator 
who  plotted  the  ruin  of  his  country  and  deluged  a  continent  in 
blood,  with  no  better  motive  than  to  gratify  a  criminal  ambition 
and  to  advance  his  personal  interests.  He  was  charged  with  be 
ing  the  instigator  and  abettor  of  the  murder  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  with 
all  the  malignity,  but  without  the  courage,  of  the  actual  assassin. 
He  was  accused  of  intentional  and  inhuman  cruelty  to  defense 
less  prisoners.  He  was  charged  with  having  basely  rifled  the 
treasure  chests  of  the  Confederacy,  and  appropriating  them  to 
his  private  emolument.  All  who  knew  Mr.  Davis,  all  who  will 
take  the  slightest  pains  to  study  the  ample  record  of  his  life  and 
character,  must  view  such  charges  with  peculiar  horror  and  in 
dignation. 

Jefferson  Davis,  as  a  man,  undoubtedly  had  his  faults,  as  who 
has  not;  but  they  were  the  faults  of  an  open  and  generous 
nature.  He  had  strong  friendships  and  violent  prejudices  for 
individuals.  He  was,  perhaps,  too  blind  to  the  shortcomings  of 
his  friends,  and  too  intolerant  to  those  of  his  enemies.  But 
whatever  may  be  said  of  him,  he  was,  from  top  to  toe,  a  gentle 
man,  in  the  highest  acceptation  of  that  word.  He  had  a  fine  and 
delicate  sense  of  honor  which  resented  the  slightest  stain  upon 
it,  as  he  would  a  blow  in  the  face.  He  had  a  chivalric  courage, 
written  in  his  martial  bearing,  and  in  his  aquiline  and  defiant 
countenance,  which  shirked  no  conflict,  but  which  always  fought 
in  the  open,  and  scorned  all  indirect  or  underhand  advantage. 
He  had,  as  is  common  with  men  of  that  type,  a  romantic  tender 
ness  for  the  weak  and  the  dependent — as  illustrated  by  the  ex 
quisite  and  inimitable  courtesy  and  deference  of  his  bearing 
toward  women — by  his  delight  in  the  society  of  children,  and  his 
charming  faculty  for  attracting  their  confidence  and  affection — 

—  22  — 


and  by  his  gentle,  just  and  humane  treatment  of  his  numerous 
slaves,  which  made  them  his  devoted  friends,  whose  respect  and 
allegiance  stood  unshaken  even  after  they  became  free.  His 
whole  public  life  was  pitched  on  the  highest  plane  of  devotion 
to  duty  and  of  inflexible  adherence  to  principle.  It  was,  perhaps, 
his  defect  as  a  practical  statesman  that  he  scorned  too  much  the 
politician's  arts,  and  shrunk  too  sensitively  from  everything 
which  involved  a  sacrifice  of  principle  to  expediency.  In  private 
life  he  was  a  man  whose  word  was  ever  his  bond,  scrupulously 
faithful  to  every  engagement,  sensitively  regardful  of  his  obliga 
tions  and  the  rights  of  others,  with  a  lofty  contempt  of  all  sordid 
considerations — a  man  as  incapable  of  soiling  his  conscience  or 
his  palm  with  the  touch  of  filthy  lucre  not  his  own,  as  ever  "lived 
in  the  tides  of  time." 

Such  was  the  man  against  whom  an  angry  and  resentful  gov 
ernment  fulminated  charges  of  the  most  despicable  and  cowardly 
crimes,  and  upon  whom  it  set  "all  the  little  dogs,  Tray,  Blanche 
and  Sweetheart,"  to  worry  at  his  heels,  and  with  the  teeth  of 
their  envenomed  slanders  to  tear  to  shreds  the  fair  mantle  of  his 
unblemished  reputation. 

The  helpless  prisoner,  though  subjected  to  the  anguish  of 
knowing  of  these  wanton  assaults,  was  kept  with  closed  mouth, 
forbidden  to  utter  a  word  in  his  own  defense.  He  bore  them 
with  a  lofty  contempt,  inspired  by  the  mens  conscia  recti,  and 
with  a  philosophy  springing  from  his  serene  confidence  that  soon 
or  late  triumphant  truth  would  vindicate  his  name.  The  time 
came  when  the  sleeping  public  conscience  was  aroused  to  a  sense 
of  the  rank  injustice  of  holding  in  imprisonment  a  man  charged 
with  such  heinous  crimes,  not  only  without  a  trial,  but  without 
even  an  idictment  or  arraignment  at  the  bar  of  public  justice. 

Such  men  as  Horace  Greeley,  Gerrit  Smith,  John  A.  Andrews 
and  others  of  the  men  who  had  been  his  bitterest  political  foes 
took  up  his  case  ajid  determined  that  justice  should  be  done. 
They  investigated  the  pretended  evidence  on  which  it  was  claimed 
that  he  was  implicated  in  the  odious  crimes  with  which  he  had 
been  charged.  They  convinced  themselves,  and  openly  pro 
claimed  to  the  world  their  conviction  that  there  was  not  the 
slightest  ground  for  such  charges.  Even  Thaddeus  Stephens, 
who  would  no  doubt  gladly  have  seen  Jefferson  Davis  hung  for 
high  treason,  did  not  hesitate  to  declare  his  confidence  that  he 
was  innocent  of  all  the  other  charges,  saying  that  he  knew 

—  23  — 


Jefferson  Davis,  and  that  whatever  else  might  be  said  of  him,  he 
was  a  gentleman  incapable  of  such  crimes.  There  was  not  even  a 
pretense  of  persistence  in  those  charges.  They  were  absolutely 
abandoned.  He  was  indicted  for  treason,  a  purely  political 
crime.  He  was  liberated  from  imprisonment  on  a  bond  signed 
by  Horace  Greeley,  Gerrit  Smith  and  Commodore  Vanderbilt. 
The  government  never  ventured  to  press  the  case  to  trial.  At  the 
ensuing  term  of  court  a  nolle  prosequi  was  entered  and  Jeffreson 
Davis  passed  a  free  man  into  the  body  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

But,  although  thus  completely  vindicated,  the  filthy  streams 
of  slander  and  abuse,  which  so  long  flowed  unrestrained  over  his 
fair  name  and  fame,  were  not  turned  aside  without  leaving 
their  foul  slime  behind  them.  Jefferson  Davis  had  come  to  be 
regarded  by  the  mass  of  the  Northern  people  as  what  they  called 
the  "arch  traitor,"  the  "raw  head  and  bloody  bones"  of  wicked 
rebellion;  the  man  responsible  to  widows  for  their  slaughtered 
husbands,  to  orphans  for  their  lost  fathers,  to  parents  for  mur 
dered  sons,  the  very  embodiment  of  hate  and  evil  and  bloody 
crime.  Even  when  the  returning  tide  of  reason  and  justice  be 
gan  to  flow,  when  juster  and  more  rational  views  of  the  war  and 
of  the  participants  began  to  prevail,  when  the  long-silence  chords 
of  fraternity  between  the  people  of  a  country,  once  more  com 
mon,  began  to  vibrate  with  the  music  of  renewed  love  and  gen 
erosity,  swelling  into  a  louder  anthem,  until  it  drowned  the 
sensate  shrieks  of  hate  and  discord,  even  then  Jefferson  Davis 
was  still  left  in  solitary  exclusion  from  the  abundant  bounty  of 
mutual  charity  and  forgiveness.  Like  a  red  flag  shaken  in  the 
face  of  an  angry  bull,  the  mention  of  his  name  still  remained 
a  note  of  discord,  which  aroused  anew  the  almost-forgotten 
frenzy  of  the  past.  Even  the  Southern  people,  with  all  their 
courage,  almost  learned  to  speak  his  name  with  bated  breath, 
and  to  confine  within  the  private  recesses  of  their  own  hearts, 
the  unbounded  sympathy,  love  and  admiration  which  they  felt 
for  their  undaunted  leader,  who  had  been  made  the  vicarious 
sufferer  for  faults,  if  faults  they  were,  which  he  only  shared  in 
common  with  each  and  every  one  of  them,  and  who  bore  the 
whole  burden  of  which  they  had  been  relieved,  with  _such  eager 
gladness  in  their  relief,  and  with  such  unflinching  fortitude. 

There  was  a  time  when  the  people  of  the  Southern  States  had 
the  same  feelings  towards  Abraham  Lincoln  which  the  Northern 
people  entertained  towards  Jefferson  Davis,  and  which  still  lin- 

—  24  — 


ger  in  the  minds  of  many  of  them.  How  completely  have  those 
sentiments  passed  away  and  been  forgotten ! 

Justice  is  the  most  persistent  and  irrepressible  of  human 
voices.  It  may  be  smothered  for  a  time  by  passion  and  prejudice 
— it  may  be  temporarily  drowned  by  the  uproar  of  calumny  and 
denunciation — but  it  still  clamors  for  hearing,  and  the  time 
surely  comes  when  it  must  and  will  be  heard.  It  took  more  than 
a  century  and  a  half  to  bring  the  people  of  England  to  the  point 
of  doing  justice  to  Oliver  Cromwell.  We  live  faster  in  these 
days.  More  than  a  generation  has  passed  since  the  Confederate 
flag  was  folded  to  its  eternal  rest.  Death,  the  great  leveler  which 
summons  each  of  us  in  his  turn  to  the  bar  of  judgment,  and  from 
whose  dread  presence  malice  and  all  uncharitableness  shrink  re 
buked,  has  long  since  laid  his  icy  fingers  on  all  that  was  mortal 
of  Jefferson  Davis.  Has  not  the  time  arrived  for  justice  to  his 
memory?  I  knew  and  loved  the  man.  In  this  brief  and  im 
perfect  epitome  I  have  sought  to  .strike  the  true  keynote  of  his 
life  and  character,  and  to  lay  the  foundation  for  a  just  and  im 
partial  judgment  on  them  both. 

With  heart  overflowing  with  patriotic  devotion  to  our  com 
mon  country — keenly  responsive  to  the  spirit  of  love  and  fra 
ternity  which  has  grown  up  between  all  sections  of  our  people — 
devoutly  thankful  to  that  divine  Providence  which  has  so  guided 
the  hearts  of  men  and  shaped  the  current  events,  that,  out  of  the 
wreck  and  ruin  of  desperate  conflict,  we  are  saved  the  essential 
principles  of  constitutional  liberty  and  of  the  equal  rights  of 
citizenship,  and  have  re-established  foundations  on  which,  if 
faithfully  guarded  and  preserved,  the  glorious  destinies  of  the 
American  Eepublic  may  be  triumphantly  accomplished,  I  stand 
here  to-day  to  claim  that  justice  from  the  whole  people  of  our 
country,  North  as  well  as  South — justice,  only  justice — justice 
to  the  memory  of  a  man  who  illustrated  the  history  of  two 
nations  by  valor  in  battle,  wisdom  in  counsel,  eloquence  in  de 
bate,  temperance  in  triumph  and  inexpugnable  fortitude  in  ad 
versity — justice  to  the  memory  of  a  man  who,  when  the  mists  of 
passion  and  prejudice  shall  have  passed  away,  history  must 
undoubtedly  rank  as  one  of  the  greatest  of  Americans. 

I  cannot  close  this  appeal  more  appropriately  or  enforce  it 
more  strongly  than  by  quoting  the  concluding  paragraph  of  his 
great  work  on  the  "Kise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Govern 
ment,"  which  was  his  historical  and  political  testament  to  his 

people : 

—  25  — 


"In  asserting  the  right  of  secession,  it  has  not  been  my  wish 
to  incite  to  its  exercise,  I  recognize  the  fact  that  the  war  showed 
it  to  be  impracticable,  but  this  did  not  prove  it  to  be  wrong,  and 
now  that  it  may  not  be  again  attempted,  and  that  the  Union  may 
promote  the  general  welfare,  it  is  needful  that  the  truth,  the 
whole  truth,  should  be  known,  so  that  crimination  and  recrimi 
nation  may  forever  cease,  and  then,  on  the  basis  of  fraternity 
and  faithful  regard  for  the  rights  of  the  States,  there  may  be 
written  on  the  arch  of  the  Union,  Esto  Perpetua" 


Tlie   \Voxnen   of  tne    Confederacy. 

War  has  played  the  game  of  battles  on  the  bloody  field  of  Mars, 
With  fate  behind  the  masque  of  hope,  for  clashing  Gray  and  Blue; 
And  beside  its  broken  altars,  one  has   furled  its   stars  and  bars, — 
The  whitest  flower  of  chivalry  that  heraldry  e'er  knew. 

And  the  knighthood  of  the  Southland  kept  the  memory  of  its  Cross, 

Above  the  bitter  lees  of  life  the  darkened  years  have  quaffed ; 

For  its  spirit  lives,  invincible,  beyond  its  woe  and  loss, — 

Its  wassail  bowl  was  valor,  and  immortal  truth  the  draught! 

How  they  charged!  the  whole  world  wondered  at  the  thrilling  battle 

stroke ! 

In  life's  grandest  panorama,  like  Crusaders  they  had  come, — 
But  knightlier  far  than  legend  e'er  in  song  or  story,  woke, 
For  their  Cross  was  love  and  honor  and  their  Holy  Grail  was  Home ! 

What  marvel  then,  that  nations  heard  and  gave  of  their  applause, 
Before  the  clash  of  right  with   might,  of  principle  with  gold, — 
That  cradle  and  the  grave  were  robbed  to  swell  the  living  cause, 
That  left  upon  the  sodden  field  the  grandest  record  told ! 

Fate  won ;  and  knew  not  Mercy  in  that  awful  molten  blare, 

When  the   Southrons   turned   in   sorrow   from  the   smoking   cannon's 

mouth. 

But  the  arms  of  love  were  round  them,  and  above  a  grim  despair 
Rose  the  voices  of  their  vestals, — faithful  women  of  the  South ! 

Theirs  were  the  hands  that  tied  the  sash  and  girt  the  blade  so  bright, — 
Theirs   were   the  hearts   that    fared   them    forth, — the   bravest   of   the 

brave ! — 

Theirs  were  the  feet  that  trod  the  loom  from  rnorn  till  weary  night, 
And  theirs  the  love  that  knelt  in  faith,  beside  a  warrior's  grave! 

—  27  — 


Far  out  upon  the  wrecks  of  love,  their  cradle  songs  were  cast, — 
The  songs  of  nursing  mothers,  as  they  wept  the  bloodstained  shields; 
And  hymned  unto  the  boom  of  guns,  the  rattling  of  the  blast, 
Their  days  of  youth  lie  buried  on   forgotten  battle  fields; 

But  they  builded  in  the  twilight  of  their  hopes  and  of  their  fears, 
Love's  memorial  unto  valor,  that  shall  stand  while  time  shall  bide, 
Blent  of  springtime's  crimson  roses  and  the  purity  of  tears — 
The  Southron's  glory-chaplet,  for  the  victor's  shaft,  denied. 

And  the  wide  world  heard  no  murmur  from  the  keepers  of  the  shrine,— 
In  the  birth  throe  of  a  nation  nor  the  death  pang  that  it  brought, — 
In  the  tending  of  the  cypress  that  a  faithful  few  will  twine, 
When  fate  tramples  down  the  laurels  that  a  dauntless  people  sought 

Give  the  laurel  to  the  victor, — give  the  song  unto  the  slain! — 
Give  the  Iron  Cross  of  Honor,  ere  death  lays  the  Southron  down ! — 
But  give  to  these,  soul  proven,  tried  by  fire  and  by  pain, 
A  memory  of  their  mother-love,  that  pressed  an  iron  crown! 

VIRGINIA  FRAZER  BOYLE. 


—  28  — 


MRS.  W.  J.  BEHAN, 

President  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


Confederated    Southern 
M  e  mo  rial    Association 


History  is  only  made  by  the  accretions  of  years,  consequently 
this  Confederation  of  Memorial  Associations  has  in  its  three 
short  years  of  existence  done  little  to  excite  comment  or  to 
record,  but  the  object  of  its  organization  is  so  noble,  it  must 
command  the  respect  of  all  Southern  people. 

In  the  great  struggle  for  a  noble  and  just  Cause,  for  which 
the  men  of  the  South  sacrificed  their  all,  the  women  with  a  faith 
and  confidence,  sublime  almost  in  its  intensity,  cheered  and 
encouraged  Fathers,  Sons  and  Husbands  in  their  gallant  de 
fense  of  their  rights,  weaved,  spun,  nursed  the  sick,  and  wher 
ever  a  woman's  hand  could  tend  or  soothe,  there  her  mission. 
With  a  courage  undaunted  by  the  perils  that  beset  her  path  of 
duty  and  love,  from  1861  to  1865,  she  hoped,  endured  and 
prayed  for  her  struggling  land  and  her  heroes,  and  when  defeat 
came  passed  through  the  fiery  ordeal  of  ruined  hopes,  to  accept 
with  a  brave  and  dignified  resignation,  a  fate  so  adverse,  its 
memory  can  never  be  effaced. 

Immediately  after  the  fall  of  the  Confederacy  the  women 
of  the  South  commenced  their  Memorial  work.  It  is  true  that 
very  rarely  have  those  who  have  suffered  defeat  been  accorded 
memorial  honors;  the  South  has  made  no  such  discrimination, 
she  has  woven  wreaths  of  Immortelles  for  all  who  died  under 
her  banners,  although  they  were  lowered  in  the  gloom  of  defeat. 
For  thirty  years  or  more,  as  their  histories  have  told  us,  the 
women  of  the  South  have  cared  for  their  dead,  built  monu 
ments  and  celebrated  each  year  with  befitting  ceremonies  the 
decoration  of  the  graves  of  their  heroes.  From  all  over  the 
Southland  came  the  tender  record  of  loving  deeds,  and  each 
association  worked  on  in  its  own  plan  of  Memorial,  emulated 
and  encouraged  by  the  efforts  of  their  sisters  in  other  States, 

—  29  — 


all  with  the  single  idea  and  purpose  of  perpetuating  the  mem 
ory  and  deeds  of  their  valiant  dead.  To  those  familiar  with 
reconstruction  days,  and  the  period  immediately  following  the 
close  of  the  eventful  struggle  for  State  Eights  and  property, 
nothing  need  be  said  of  the  trials  that  beset  and  perplexed  the 
women  of  the  Confederacy  in  their  efforts  to  rescue  from  ob 
livion  the  memories  of  men  who  stand  recorded  as  the  world's 
greatest  heroes,,  but  through  trials  and  persecutions  these  women 
persevered  and  to-day  their  noble  deeds  are  told  in  history  and 
song,  and  side  by  side  with  the  Veterans  they  gather  each  year 
in  reunion,  recognized  North  and  South,  their  devotion  re 
warded  by  the  recognition  and  appreciation  of  the  world,  who 
loves  a  faithful  woman;  faithful  aye,  even  more  so,  than  the 
usual  acceptance  of  the  word,  have  the  women  of  the  Confed 
eracy  been  to  their  heroes,  traditions,  and  the  Cause  for  which 
they  struggled  four  long  eventful  years.  Many  of  the  faithful 
have  passed  into  the  silent  beyond,  and  rest  neath  the  shadow 
of  the  trees,  but  "the  voices  of  the  past  still  bring  new  messages 
to  the  present/'  and  the  Heaven  sent  inspiration  to  unite  the 
Memorial  Associations  of  the  South  into  one  great  band  of 
sisters,  seems  a  fitting  climax  and  tribute  to  the  faithful  work 
ers  and  the  work  begun  in  sorrow  and  privation. 

The  beautiful  idea  of  confederating  all  Memorial  Associa 
tions  originated  with  the  Southern  Memorial  Association  of 
Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  and  an  invitation  was  sent  out  through 
its  corresponding  secretary,  Miss  Sue  H.  Walker,  to  all  Me 
morial  Associations  requesting  that  they  send  delegates  to  a 
meeting  to  be  called  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  May  30,  1900. 
In  response  to  this  invitation  meetings  were  held  by  the  Me 
morial  Asociations,  the  plan  of  confederation  endorsed  and 
delegates  appointed  to  attend  the  convention.  These  delegates 
met  in  the  music  room  of  the  Gait  House  May  30,  1900,  at  10 
A.  M.  Committees  were  formed  and  the  regular  business  of 
organization  proceeded.  A  constitution  and  by-laws  were 
adopted  and  officers  elected,  thus  culminating  a  cherished  plan, 
for  by  this  union  of  all  Memorial  Associations  it  is  believed 
we  will  perpetuate  more  certainly  the  purposes  for  which  each 
association  has  been  individually  laboring,  and  will  more  firmly 
cement  the  ties  which  already  exist  between  them.  The  officers 
chosen  were:  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  of  Louisiana,  President; 
Miss  D.  M.  L.  Hodgson,  of  Louisiana,  Recording  Secretary; 

—  30  — 


Miss  Sue  H.  Walker,  of  Arkansas,  Corresponding  Secretary; 
Miss  Julia  A.  Garside,  of  Arkansas,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Sarah 
Polk  Blake,  of  Louisiana,  Historian;  and  one  Vice  President 
for  each  State.  The  President,  Bccording  Secretary  and  His 
torian  are  members  of  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  As 
sociation  in  New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  The  Treasurer  and  Cor 
responding  Secretary  are  members  of  the  Southern  Memorial 
Association  in  Fayetteville,  Arkansas.  On  three  occasions  since 
its  organization  at  Louisville,  in  1900,,  has  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association  met  in  convention,  viz:  at 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  Dallas,  Texas,  and  New  Orleans,  Louis 
iana.  An  increased  membership  and  more  intelligent  knowl 
edge  of  the  history  of  the  Confederate  Cause  is  the  natural  re 
sult  of  these  annual  meetings,  <a  closer  bond  of  fellowship  and  a 
determined  effort  to  perpetuate  in  history  the  testimony  of  the 
broken  hearted  women  and  maimed  heroes  of  '61-'65,  a  sacred 
duty  which  must  be  fulfilled  before  the  march  of  time  decimates 
our  rapidly  thinning  ranks  and  leaves  us  naught  but  tradition 
and  song. 

To  future  generations  of  the  people  of  the  South  and  to  the 
Sons  and  Daughters  of  the  women  of  the  Confederacy,  who 
first  banded  themselves  together  in  memorial  work,  may  this 
Confederation  carry  its  messages  and  legacy  of  devotion  to  the 
memory  of  a  Cause  and  the  heroes  who  fought  for  it,  the  Death 
less  Dead  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 

MARGARET  GARY  GREEN  DAVIS, 

Historian. 


The  Origin  of  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association^ 


ITS   WORK,  PAST  AND  PRESENT. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1900,  at  a  regular  monthly  meeting 
of  the  Southern  Memorial  Association  of  Fayetteville,  Arkan 
sas,  on  motion  of  Miss  Julia  A.  Garside  (now  Mrs.  W.  B. 
Welch),  it  was  decided  to  endeavor  to  organize  all  Memorial 
Associations  of  the  South  into  a  general  federation,  the  object 
being  to  commemorate  the  work  already  done  and  to  insure  its 
continuance.  The  Corresponding  Secretary  was  instructed  to 
write  to  associations  elsewhere  and  ask  their  co-operation.  Cor 
dial  responses  were  received  and  arrangements  made  for  dele 
gates  from  each  association  to  meet  at  the  United  Confederate 
Veteran  Reunion  at  Louisville,  Kentucky.  A  most  enthusiastic 
meeting  was  held  at  the  Gait  House,  May  30th,  1900,  at  which 
time  the  organization  was  perfected,  delegates  from  thirteen 
associations  being  present.  The  following  officers  were  elected 
for  a  term  of  three  years:  President,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  of 
White  Castle,  La.;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Daisy  M.  L. 
Hodgson,  New  Orleans,  La.;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss 
Sue  H.  Walker,  Fayetteville,  Ark. ;  Historian,  Mrs.  Sarah  Polk 
Blake,  and  a  Vice  President  from  each  of  the  States  repre 
sented. 

A  Committee  on  Constitution  and  By-Laws  was  appointed 
as  follows:  Miss  Julia  A.  Garside,  Chairman;  Mrs.  Joseph 
R.  Davis,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Gary  Daniel,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Lloyd,  Mrs. 
L.  Graham,  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  ex-officio. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  the  same  was  submitted  and  adopted. 
The  Constitution  provides  that  this  organization  shall  be  called 
"The  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,"  its  ob 
ject,  "Strictly  Memorial  and  Historical."  The  original  signers 
of  the  constitution  are  as  follows: 

Mrs.  Katie  Walker  Behan,  Mrs.  J.  D.  Walker,  Mrs.  M.  Louise 
Benton  Graham,  Miss  Daisy  M.  L.  Hodgson,  Miss  Lucy  Mar- 


MISS  SUE  H.  WALKER, 

Corresponding  Secretary  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,. 
Fayetteville,  Arkansas. 


shall  Smith,,  Mrs.  R.  J.  McGowan,  Mrs.  Jennie  Edwards,  Mrs. 
J.  T.  McTeer,  Mrs.  Theodosia  Worthington  Valliant,  Miss 
Julia  A.  Garside,  Miss  Sue  H.  Walker,  Mrs.  Joseph  E.  Davis, 
Mrs.  W.  E.  Badger,  Mrs.  Shelton  Chieves,  Miss  Minnie  Baugh- 
man,  Mrs.  David  C.  Eichardson,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Gary  Daniel,  Mrs. 
M.  E.  Lloyd,  Mrs.  K  V.  Eandolph. 

Upon  the  second  day  of  the  Reunion  the  delegates  of  the 
newly  Confederated  Associations  proceeded  in  a  body  to  the 
United  Confederate  Veteran  Convention  Hall,  where  they  were 
met  by  a  committee  of  veterans  and  provided  with  seats  on  the 
platform.  The  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 
was  formally  recognized  by  the  United  Confederate  Veterans 
amid  great  applause,  General  Gordon  expressing  his  hearty  ap 
proval  of  the  Confederation. 

A  memorial  to  General  Gordon  and  the  veterans,  prepared 
by  Mrs.  Lizzie  Pollard,  President  of  the  Southern  Memorial 
Association  of  Fayetteville,  Ark.,  and  signed  by  the  thirteen 
charter  associations,  was  then  read  in  a  most  impressive  man 
ner  by  Col.  Charles  Coffin,  of  Arkansas,  and  was  as  follows : 

Gen.  John  B.  Gordon,  Commander-in-Chief  United  Confeder 
ate  Veterans: 

DEAR  SIR — Throughout  the  South  are  scattered  memorial 
associations,  who  have  not  relinquished  their  original  organiza 
tion,  and  whose  work  is  solely  memorial  and  monumental. 
These  associations  (some  of  which  were  formed  as  far  back  as 
1865),  by  the  most  assiduous  efforts,  have  removed  from  way 
side  and  battlefield  our  sacred  dead — placed  them  in  ceme 
teries  of  our  own,  and  builded  monuments  that  will  bear  last 
ing  testimony  to  the  courage,  endurance  and  patriotism  of  the 
Confederate  soldier.  We  bring  to  you  more  tangible  demon 
stration  of  work  done,  than  any  other  organized  body  of  South 
ern  people,  men  or  women.  We  propose  to  organize  or  com 
bine  these  memorial  associations  (embracing  as  nearly  as  pos 
sible  every  one  in  the  South)  into  what  we  call  a  "Confedera 
tion  of  Memorial  Associations." 

We  are  not  willing  to  lose  our  identity  as  memorial  associa 
tions,  nor  to  merge  ourselves  into  the  younger  organization, 
"The  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy."  We  hope  by  this  feder 
ation  to  commemorate  our  efforts  and  stamp  our  work  upon 
the  hearts  of  those  who  <come  after  us,  and  thereby  insure  its 

—  33  — 


continuance.  We  would  esteem  it  a  privilege  and  pleasure  to 
have  our  delegates  meet  at  the  same  place  and  time  that  the 
United  Confederate  Veterans  hold  their  annual  reunions  if 
agreeable  to  them.  Of  course,  we  do  not  ask  a  voice  in  their 
councils;  but  we  would  like  to  meet  with  them.  Many  of  us 
are  veterans — veterans  as  much  as  the  gray,  battle-scarred  old 
soldiers,  tho'  we  bided  at  home.  While  they  stood  amid  the 
smoke  of  battle,  we  stood  amid  the  smoke  of  burning  homes; 
when  they  fought,  we  wept  and  prayed;  when  they  were  hun 
gry,  we  had  only  a  crust  at  home;  when  their  clothes  were 
wearing  threadbare  on  the  long  and  weary  march,  we  were  busy 
with  wheel  and  loom  and  needles;  when  they  were  in  peril  on 
picket,  we  held  tearful,  prayerful  vigils.  Are  we  not  veterans  as 
well  as  they? 

Hoping  this  may  meet  with  your  approval,  and  that  of  the 
body  over  which  you  preside,  I  am,  very  respectfully  yours, 

MRS.  LIZZIE  POLLARD, 
President  Southern*  Memorial  Association,  Fayetteville  Ark. 

Much  enthusiasm  and  frequent  applause  was  elicited  by  the 
reading  of  this  memorial,  and  the  veterans  gave  their  endorse 
ment  by  a  rising  vote.  At  subsequent  meetings  of  this  Conven 
tion  many  important  matters  were  discussed.  Chief  among 
them,  the  proposed  monument  to  Jefferson  Davis.  Mrs.  N.  V. 
Eandolph,  of  Richmond,  Yinginia,  Chairman  Central  Commit 
tee  of  the  IT.  D.  C.,  made  an  earnest  appeal  in  behalf  of  this 
work,  and  requested  the  assistance  of  the  memorial  associations 
in  the  completion  of  this  monument.  On  motion  of  Miss  Sue 
H.  Walker,  of  Arkansas,  the  Confederation  pledged  its  co-oper 
ation. 

A  motion  was  made  by  Miss  Lucy  M.  Smith,  and  seconded  by 
Miss  Daisy  Mt  L.  Hodgson,  that  "the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  be  incorporated  in  the  State  of  Arkansas, 
in  compliment  to  the  Southern  Memorial  Association,  of  Fay 
etteville,  Ark.,  with  whom  originated  the  beautiful  idea  of  the 
consolidation  of  Southern  Memorial  Associations."  It  was 
adopted  unanimously,  and  Mrs.  J.  D.  Walker  was  appointed  a 
committee  of  one  to  attend  to  this  business.  After  reports 
from  various  committees  the  Convention  adjourned  to  meet  on 
the  first  day  of  the  United  Confederate  Veteran  Reunion  at 
Memphis,  Tenn. 

—  84  — 


On  the  30th  day  of  October,  1900,  through  their  attorney, 
J.  D.  Walker,  the  petition  of  the  several  memorial  associations 
mentioned  in  the  charter  was  filed  in  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Washington  County,  in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  upon  due 
consideration  of  the  petition  by  the  court,  it  was  ordered  that 
the  petition  be  granted  and  a  certificate  issued. 

The  charter  reads  as  follows: 

STATE  or  ARKANSAS,  )      IN  THE  WASHINGTON 

COUNTY  or  WASHINGTON,     j  CIRCUIT  COURT, 

October  Term,  A.  D.,  1900. 

WHEREAS,  The  Southern  Memorial  Association,  of  Fayette- 
ville,  Ark.;  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association  of  Eichmond, 
Va. ;  the  Junior  Hollywood  Memorial  Association,  of  Eich 
mond,  Va, ;  the  Oakwood  Memorial  Association,  of  Eichmond, 
Va. ;  the  Confederate  Memorial  Literary  Society,  of  Eichmond, 
Va. ;  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Petersburg,  Va. ; 
the  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  the 
Warren  Memorial  Association,  of  Front  Eoyal,  Va. ;  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.;  the 
Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  of  Fort  Mill,  S.  C. ; 
the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.;  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Gainesville,  Ala.;  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association  of  New  Orleans,  La. ;  the 
Confederate  Cemetery  Memorial  Association,  of  Vicksburg, 
Miss.;  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Montgomery,  Ala.; 
the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association,  of  New  Orleans, 
La.,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Ealeigh,  1ST.  C. ;  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Augusta,  Ga. ;  the  Ladies' 
Memorial  Association,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.;  the  Wilcox  County 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Camden,  Ala.;  the  Junior 
Oakwood  Memorial  Association,  of  Eichmond,  Va. ;  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association,  Junior,  of  New  Orleans, 
La.;  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Albany,  Ga. ;  have 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Wash 
ington  County,  their  constitution  and  articles  of  law,  with  their 
petition  for  incorporation  under  the  name  and  style  of  The 
Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,  and  the  prayer 
of  said  petition  having  been  granted  by  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Washington  County,  in  obedience  to  the  order  and  direction  of 
said  court,  they  are  therefore  declared  a  body  politic  and  cor- 

—  35  — 


porate  by  the  name  and  style  of  The  Confederated  Southern  Me 
morial  Association,  with  all  powers,  rights,  privileges  and  im 
munities  granted  in  and  by  the  Constitution  of  the  same,  and 
allowed  and  granted  by  the  laws  thereunto  appertaining,  for  and 
during  the  period  of  ninety-nine  years  from  the  date  of  this 
certificate;  they,  the  said  petitioners,  the  said  several  associa 
tions,  each  having  and  retaining  their  several  and  separate  or 
ganizations  and  all  their  rights,  powers,  privileges  and  im 
munities  not  specifically  delegated  and  granted  by  them  to  the 
said  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

Witness  my  signature  and  official  seal  as  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Washington  County,  and  ex-officio  Recorder 
thereof,  this  30th  day  of  October,  A.  D.,  1900. 

(SEAL)  A.  L.  CROUCH, 

Cleric  and  Ex-Officio  Recorder. 

An  account  of  the  Confederation,  its  object  and  aims,  in 
corporation,  growth,  etc.,  was  sent  to  the  Southern  Historical 
Society,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  was  given  a  place  in  Vol.  28 
of  the  Southern  Historical  Society  Papers,  with  an  eloquent 
preface  by  the  editor. 

Having  touched  upon  the  origin  of  the  Confederation,  its 
first  Convention  and  its  incorporation,  it  is  in  order  to  give  a 
condensed  report  of  the  work  accomplished  and  planned  by  the 
organization.  Of  the  early  work  of  the  old  Memorial  Associa 
tions,  too  much  can  not  'be  said.  These  were  the  women  to 
whom  President  Davis  referred  in  his  dedication  of  the  "  Rise 
and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Government." 

To 

The  women  of  the  Confederacy, 
Whose  pious   ministrations  to   our  wounded   soldiers 

Soothed  the  last  hours  of  those 
Who  died  far  from  the  objects  of  their  tenderest  love; 

Whose  domestic  labors 
Contributed  much  to  supply  the  wants  of  our  defenders 

in  the  field; 

Whose  zealous  faith  in  our  cause 
Shone  a  guiding  star  undimmed  by  the  darkest  clouds  of  war; 

Whose  fortitude 
Sustained  them  under  all  the  privations  to  which  they  were 

Subjected; 

Whose  annual  tribute 

Expresses  their  enduring  grief,  love  and  reverence 
For  our  sacred  dead; 

and 

Whose   patriotism 
Will  teach  their  children 

To  emulate  the  deeds  of  our  revolutionary  sires. 
—  36  — 


MISS  DAISY  M.  L.  HODGSON, 

Recording  Secretary  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


The  care  of  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  Dead,  and  erection 
of  monuments  to  their  memory  has  ever  been,  and  is,  the  special 
trust  of  the  Memorial  Associations.  The  numerous  monu 
ments  erected  prior  to  1895  were  all  built  by  them.  These  vet 
eran  women  of  the  Memorial  Associations,  with  all  the  enthu 
siasm  of  their  youth,  have  continued  to  thus  honor  the  brave 
defenders  of  their  beloved  Southland.  They  are  the  leaders,  the 
inspiration;  but  many  younger  women  are  constantly  joining 
their  ranks  and  will  carry  on  the  Memorial  work  when  these  have 
laid  their  burdens  down.  A  most  important  undertaking  of  the 
Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  is  the  collection 
and  compilation  of  the  histories  of  all  these  memorial  associa 
tions,  to  preserve  them  in  book  form.  This  volume  will  be 
of  priceless  value  to  the  children  and  grandchildren  of 
these  noble  women,  who  with  breaking  hearts  amid  the 
gloom  of  defeat,  proved  themselves  the  "  Hearts  Cour 
ageous  "  of  those  times,  by  gathering  the  sacred  dust  of 
the  South's  heroic  dead  into  cemeteries  of  their  own,  and 
building  monuments  to  their  memory.  We  owe  it  to  them, 
and  to  future  generations,  to  preserve  this  record,  and  to 
see  that  the  name  under  which  this  great  work  was  done,  be  not 
allowed  to  pass  into  oblivion.  A  copy  of  this  book,  "  History 
of  the  Confederated  Memorial  Associations  of  the  South/'  will 
be  placed  in  all  the  Confederate  Museums  and  principal  libra 
ries;  and  the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  book  will  be  de 
voted  to  the  Jefferson  Davis  monument.  In  accordance  with  the 
promise  made  at  Louisville  to  assist  in  erecting  this  monument 
to  the  beloved  President  of  the  Confederacy,  the  energetic  and 
earnest  efforts  of  the  Confederation  have  been  directed  to  this 
end.  Three  members  from  the  Confederated  Southern  Memo 
rial  Association  were  added  to  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association,  viz. :  Mrs.  W.  J.  Be- 
han,  Louisiana;  Mrs.  Garland  Jones,  North  Carolina,  and  Mrs. 
J.  D.  Walker,  Arkansas;  and  to  their  zeal  much  credit  is  du3. 
At  the  Convention  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confed 
eracy,  held  in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  November,  1900,  Mrs.  S. 
Thomas  McCullough,  President  of  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monu 
ment  Association,  embodied  in  her  report,  a  request  that  the 
President  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 
be  requested  to  appoint  an  Executive  Committee  to  co-operate 
with  the  committees  from  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Con- 

—  37  — 


federacy  in  soliciting  and  collecting  funds  for  the  Jefferson  Da 
vis  Monument.  This  request  was  complied  with,  and  the  fol 
lowing  Committee  named: 

Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  Committee — Co 
operating  with  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 
for  the  Erection  of  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument: 
Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  Chairman,  New  Orleans,  La. ;  Mrs.  Martha 
Dandridge  Bibb,  Montgomery,  Ala. ;  Mrs.  Junius  Jordan,  Fay- 
etteville,  Ark.;  Mrs.  W.  D.  Chipley,  Pensacola,  Fla.;  Mrs.  S.  H. 
Melone,  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  Miss  Rosa  Lobrano,  New  Orleans,  La. ; 
Mrs.  Charles  Gascoigne  Wright,  Yicksburg,  Miss.;  Mrs.  Leroy 
B.    Valliant,    St.   Louis,    Mo.;    Mrs.    Garland   Jones,   Raleigh, 
N.  C.;  Mrs.  Alice  A.  Gaillard  Palmer,  Charleston,  S.  C.;  Mrs. 
Letitia  Frazer,  Memphis,  Tenn.;  Mrs.  D.  C.  Richardson,  Rich 
mond,  Va. 

The  report  of  the  Treasurer  at  Richmond  credits  the  Con 
federated  Southern  Memorial  Association  with  the  sum  of 
$7,108.63  for  the  Davis  Monument  Fund  up  to  September, 
1903.  The  sales  from  our  book  will  greatly  augment  the  sum. 
The  Confederation  has  shown  much  interest  in  the  Confederate 
Bazaar  in  Richmond  for  the  benefit  of  ijhe  Davis  Monument 
and  Confederate  Museum;  generous  donations  of  money  and 
fancy  articles  for  the  State  booths  were  sent. 

Soon  after  the  Confederation  was  organized  at  Louisville, 
the  subject  of  the  care  of  the  prison  dead  buried  in  the  North, 
presented  itself,  and  one  particular  case  was  brought  to  imme 
diate  attention.  In  June,  1900,  Congress  passed  an  act  carry 
ing  with  it  an  appropriation  for  the  disinterment  of  about  two 
hundred  and  sixty  Confederate  soldiers  buried  in  and  around 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  providing  for  their  re-interment  in  Ar 
lington  National  Cemetery.  This  act  was  passed  without  the 
knowledge  of  many  in  the  South,  and  an  appeal  was  issued  by 
the  President  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Associa 
tion  in  September,  calling  attention  of  the  Southern  people,  and 
particularly  of  Presidents  of  Memorial  Asssociations  to  this 
act  of  Congress,  that  they  might  claim  their  dead  (a  list  having 
been  published)  and  bring  them  back  to  their  native  States. 
The  movement  was  received  with  enthusiasm;  the  Confederate 
Veterans  coming  forward  with  contributions  for  removal.  Much 
correspondence  ensued,  and  though  the  desire  to  accomplish 

—  38  — 


this  work  was  strong  among  memorial  women,  and  could  have 
l>een  accomplished  but  for  certain  provisions  of  the  act,  they 
were  doomed  to  disappointment;  the  Quartermaster  General 
of  the  United  States  of  America  being  ordered  to  execute  the 
provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  passed  June,  1900.  The  appro 
priation  having  been  made  for  the  specific  purpose  of  removing 
these  remains  to  Arlington,  the  law  had  to  be  executed. 

Though  unsuccessful  in  this  particular  case,  we  do  not  re 
gret  the  effort;  and  whenever  and  wherever  possible  the  dust  of 
these  heroes  will  be  claimed  and  returned  to  Southern  soil.  In 
some  cases  this  can  not  be,  and  the  bill  recently  introduced  in 
Congress  by  Hon.  J.  B.  Foraker,  of  Ohio,  to  provide  for  appro 
priate  marking  of  the  graves  of  Confederate  soldiers  buried 
in  the  North,  met  with  the  warm  approval  of  the  Memorial 
Associations,  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  President  of  the  Confed 
eration,  voiced  their  sentiments  in  her  letter  to  Senator  Foraker 
for  his  action  in  this  matter.  The  bill  passed  the  Senate,  Janu 
ary  24th,  and  though  the  great  rush  of  business  at  the  close  of 
the  session  prevented  its  consideration  by  the  House,  it  is 
confidently  hoped  that  favorable  action  will  be  taken  at  the 
next  sesssion  of  Congress. 

In  addition  to  the  general  work  of  the  Confederation,  the 
Associations  give  evidence  of  renewed  interest  in  local  work  by 
increased  membership,  regular  meetings,  and  interesting  pro 
grammes  for  Memorial  Day  exercises.  June  3rd,  the  date 
adopted  by  the  United  Confederate  Veterans  at  the  Dallas  Re 
union,  will  be  generally  observed.  Credit  is  due  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association,  of  New  Orleans,  for  this 
action  of  the  veterans.  It  is  true  that  this  day  was  adopted 
some  years  ago  at  the  United  Confederate  Veterans'  Reunion 
in  Houston,  Texas,  but  its  observance  was  not  generally  adopted 
and  but  for  the  zeal  of  these  devoted  admirers  of  President 
Davis,  this  beautiful  tribute  to  his  natal  day  might  never  have 
been  made  official.  It  was  at  Memphis  that  our  second  annual 
convention  was  held,  and  there  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  inaugurated  the  beautiful  custom  of 
holding  memorial  services  in  honor  of  President  Davis.  This 
service  was  held  in  Calvary  Episcopal  Church,  on  the  first 
morning  of  the  Reunion,  and  the  eloquent  address  by  Bishop 
(Bailor  will  long  be  remembered  by  those  present.  Again,  at 

—  39  — 


Dallas,  this  solemn  and  impressive  memorial  service  in  St.. 
Matthew's  Cathedral  was  the  first  feature  of  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association  Convention,  conducted  by  Eight 
Rev.  Alexander  C.  Garrett,  whose  tribute  to  Jefferson  Davis 
and  the  women  of  the  South  was  most  eloquent  and  touching. 
This  mark  of  devotion  to  the  memory  of  President  Davis,  pa 
triot,  statesman  and  Christian  gentleman,  will  continue  to  be 
the  initial  feature  of  all  our  conventions. 

But  iliirteen  Associations  were  represented  at  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  in 
Louisville;  sixty-two  are  now  enrolled,  with  an  average  mem 
bership  of  seventy-five  each.  This  steady  growth  and  interest 
is  mainly  due  to  the  ability,  untiring  energy  and  devotion  to 
Southern  memories  of  the  President  of  this  Confederation,  Mrs. 
W.  J.  Behan. 

The  officers  whose  three  years'  term  of  service  expires  May, 
1903,  are:  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  President;  Miss  Daisy  M.  L. 
Hodgson,  Recording  Secretary;  Miss  Sue  H.  Walker,  Corre 
sponding  Secretary;  Mrs.  Julia  A.  Garside  Welch,  Treasurer; 
State  Vice-Presidents :  Mrs.  D.  H.  Williams,  Alabama;  Mrs.  J. 
D.  Walker,  Arkansas;  Mrs.  W.  D.  Chipley,  Florida;  Mrs.  P. 
A.  Timberlake,  Georgia;  Mrs.  L.  Graham,  Louisiana;  Mrs.  M. 
A.  Stevens,  Mississippi;  Mrs.  Jennie  Edwards,  Missouri;  Mrs. 
Garland  Jones,  North  Carolina;  Mrs.  J.  B.  Mack,  South  Caro 
lina;  Miss  M.  A.  Ault,  Tennessee;  Mrs.  Sterling  Robertson, 
Texas;  Mrs.  David  C.  Richardson,  Virginia.  Historian:  Mrs. 
Joseph  R.  Davis,  New  Orleans,  La.  (appointed  to  succeed  Mrs. 
Sarah  Polk  Blake,  who  resigned.)  Poet  Laureate:  Mrs.  Vir 
ginia  Frazer  Boyle,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

The  Honorary  members  of  the  Confederation  are :  Mrs.  Va- 
rina  Jefferson  Davis,  Mrs.  "Stonewall"  (T.  J.)  Jackson,  Mrs. 
J.  B.  B.  Stuart,  Mrs.  D.  H.  Hill,  Mrs.  Braxton  Bragg,  Mrs.  J. 
Addison  Hayes,  Mrs.  Frances  Kirby-Smith  Wade,  Miss  Mary 
Custis  Lee,  Miss  Mildred  Lee,  and  Mrs.  E.  Kirby  Smith. 


—  40  — 


MRS.  JULIA  GARSIDE   WELCH, 

Treasurer  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,, 
Fayetteville,  Arkansas. 


ASSOCIATIONS  ENROLLED 

—IN   THE — 

CONFEDERATED  SOUTHERN  MEMORIAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

Southern  Memorial  Association — Fayetteville,  Arkansas. 

Mrs.  Lizzie  Pollard,  President;  Miss  Sue  II.  Walker,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladles'  Memorial  Association — Montgomery,  Alabama. 

Mrs.  Martha  D.  Bibb,  President;  Mrs.  I.  M.  P.  Ockenden, 
Secretary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Camden,  Alabama. 

Mrs.  W.  F.  Spurlin,  President;  Mrs.  N.   C.  Parish,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association- — Gainesville,  Alabama. 

Mrs.  D.  H.  Williams,  President;  Miss  Mary  S.  Jackson,  Sec 
retary. 

Southern  Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Florence,  Alabama. 
Mrs.  M.  W.  Camper,  President;  Olive  Gertrude  Bogert,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Boligee,  Alabama. 

Mrs.  A.  C.  Morehead,  President ;  Mrs.  J.  McKee  Gould,  Jr.,. 
Secretary. 

Union  Springs  Memorial  Association — Union  Springs,  Alabama. 
Mrs.  V.  P.  Pickett,  President;  Mrs.  Mary  F.  Pittman,  Sec 
retary. 

White  House  of  the  Confederacy — Montgomery,  Alabama. 

Mrs.  J.  D.  Beale,  President;  Mrs.  John  W.  A.   Sanford, 
Secretary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Pensacola,  Florida. 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Chipley,  President;  Mrs.  S.  A.  Moreno,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies' Memorial  Association — Quincy,  Florida. 
Mrs.  L.  P.  May,  President. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Atlanta,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis,  President;  Inez  Hedge,  Secretary. 

Ladies' Memorial  Association — Augusta,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  C.  A.  Rowland,  President;  Miss  Mary  A.  Hall,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Columbus,,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  Louis  F.  Garrard,  President;  Mrs.  Jane  E.  Martinr 
Secretary. 

—  41  — 


Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Marietta,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Nesbitt,  President;  Mrs.  Frances  W.  Clay,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Waynesboro,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  E.  F.  Lawson,  President;  Inez  Wilkins  Jones,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Albany,  Georgia. 

Miss  Harriet  Ashe  Hall,  President;  Mrs.  W.  L.  G.  Davis, 
Secretary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Athens,  Georgia. 

Miss    Mildred    L.    Rutherford,    President;    Miss    Basiline 
Prince,  Secretary. 

Washington  Memorial  Association — Washington,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  S.  H.  Dillard,  President;  Mrs.  GL  A.  Porche,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Eesaca,  Georgia. 
Mrs.  E.  J.  Simmons,  President. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Brunswick,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  M.  M.  Madden,  President;  Mrs.   Annie  C.   Hunter, 
Secretary. 

Ladies'     Memorial     Association      Morgan      County — Madison 
Georgia. 

Mrs.  J.  A.  Billups,  President ;  Mrs.  Mary  Chiles  Ware,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Rome,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  Josephine  N".  Smith,  President;  Mrs.  Halsted  Smith, 
Secretary. 

Hancock  Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Sparta,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  H.  L.  Middlebrook,  President;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Martin, 
Secretary. 

Sandersville  Memorial  Association — Sandersville,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  B.  D.  Evans,  President;  Mrs.  S.  J.  Bayne,  Secretary. 

Americus  Memorial  Associatiton — Americus,  Georgia. 

Miss  Maria  Harrold,  President;  Miss  Lucy  C.  Taylor,  Sec 
retary. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Thomson,  Georgia. 
Mrs.  E.  S.  Harrison,  Jr.,  President;  Mrs.  H.  Johnson,  Secre 
tary  and  Treasurer. 

The  Eliza  Easton  Shannon  Memorial  Association — View,  Ken 
tucky. 

—  42  — 


Mrs.  Zylla  Moore  Cardin,  President;  Mrs.  James  C.  Baker, 

Secretary. 

/ 
Ladies'     Confederate     Memorial     Association — New     Orleans, 

Louisiana. 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  President;  Miss  Kate  Eastman,  Sec 
retary. 

Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Association — New  Orleans, 
Louisiana. 

Mrs.  Blackman  Turner,  President;  Mrs.  J.  J.  Prowell,  Sec 
retary. 

Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association — New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 
Mrs.  James  Buckley,  President;  Miss  Kate  Childress,  Sec 
retary. 

Confederate  Memorial  Association — Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana. 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Bates,  President;  Mrs.  W.  J.  Hurst,  Secretary. 

Confederate  Cemetery  Memorial  Association — Vicksburg,  Missis 
sippi. 

Mrs.    M.    A.    Stevens,    President;    Mrs.    Chas.    Gascoigne 
Wright,  Secretary. 

Beauvoir  Memorial  Association — Greenwood,  Mississippi. 

Mrs.   M.   S.   Kimbrough,   President;   Jennie   Young,    Sec 
retary. 

Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial  Association — Biloxi,  Missis 
sippi. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Maybin,  President;  Miss  May  Armstrong,  Sec 
retary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Natchez,  Mississippi. 

Mrs.    E.    B.    Monteith,    President;    Capt.    Fred   Le    Cand, 
Secretary. 

Confederate  Memorial  and  Literary  Socieiy — St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  President;  Mrs.  Jennie  C.  Edwards, 
Secretary. 

Sterling  Price  Memorial  Association — Jefferson  City,  Missouri. 
Mrs.  Laura  Allen,  President;  Mrs.  Beauregard  H.  Fer 
guson,  Secretary. 

State  Monument  Association — Springfield,  Missouri. 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Haydon,  President;  Mrs.  William  H.  Gottfried, 
Secretary. 

Blandford  Memorial  Association — Mexico,  Missouri. 

Miss  Belle  Morris,  President;  Mrs.  Adele  Sandford,  Sec 
retary. 

—  43  — 


Samuel    8.    Harris    Memorial    Association — Cape    Girardeau, 

Missouri. 

Mrs.  Louis  Hauck,  President. 
Ladies' Memorial  Association — Nevada,  Missouri. 

Mrs.  Maria  Cogswell,,  President;  Annie  Lisle  Stuttmund, 

Secretary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

Mrs.  Garland  Jones,  President;  Miss  Annie  L.  Devereux, 
Secretary. 

Beaufort    County    Memorial    Association — Washington,    North 
Carolina. 

Mrs.  Jennie  S.  Jarvis,  President;  Margaret  Arthur  Call, 
Secretary. 

Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina. 

Mrs.  J.  B.  Mack,  President. 
Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association — Charleston,  South 

Carolina. 

Mrs.  Alice  A.  Gaillard  Palmer,  President;  Annie  Simpson 

Eood,  Secretary. 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Knoxville  Tennessee. 

Mrs.  William  Caswell,  President;  Mrs.  Mattie  W.  Keller, 

Secretary. 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Memphis,  Tennessee. 

Mrs.  C.  B.  Bryan,  President;  Mrs.  I.  N.  Murray,  Secretary. 
Southern  Mothers — Memphis,  Tennessee. 

Mrs.  J.  H.  Humphreys,  President. 
Sul  Ross  Memorial  Association — Waco,  Texas. 

Mrs.  Sterling  Robertson,  President;  Mrs.  Hallie  M.  Dunk- 

lin,  Secretary. 

Confederate  Memorial  and  Literary  Society — Richmond,   Vir 
ginia. 

Mrs.  Joseph  Bryan,  President;  Mrs.  Lizzie  Gary  Daniel, 

Secretary. 
Hollywood  Memorial  Association — Richmond,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  Joseph  Bryan,  President;  Mrs.  J.   C.   Stewart,  Sec 
retary. 
Junior  Hollywood  Memorial  Association — Richmond,  Virginia. 

Miss  Elizabeth  F.  Townes,  President;  Mrs.  W.  M.  Wade, 

Secretar. 


'Oakwood  Memorial  Association — Richmond,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  Stephen  Beveridge,  President;  Mrs.  John  T.  Hughes, 

Secretary. 
•Junior  Oakwood  Memorial  Association — Richmond,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  Alice  C.  Fitz,  President;  Miss  Grace  E.  Schermerhom, 

Secretary. 
'The  Warren  Memorial  Association — Front  Royal,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  C.  Davis  Boy,  President;  Miss  Lucy  Buck,  Secretary. 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Petersburg,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  H.  Van  L.  Bird,  President;  Mrs.   Shelton  Chieves, 

Secretary. 
Manassas  Memorial  Association — Manassas,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Lipscomb,  President;  Mrs.  Jennie  Ashby  Wolfe, 

Secretary. 
Lynchburg  Memorial  Association — Lynchburg,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  Kirkwood  Otey,  President;  Mrs.  John  H.  Lewis,  Sec 
retary  ; 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Danville,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Aiken,  President ;  Mrs.  Frank  Burton,  Secretary. 
Memorial  Aid  Association — Portsmouth,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  0.  J.  Hatton,  President;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Bingley,  Sec 
retary. 
New  Market  Memorial  Association — Lexington,  Virginia. 

Miss  Margaret  W.  Freeland,  President;  Eosa  J.  Brooke, 

Secretary. 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association — Winchester,  Virginia. 

Miss  Mary  Kuntz,  President ;  Miss  Lucy  Kussell,  Secretary. 

This  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  held  its 
fourth  annual  convention  in  Xew  Orleans,  La.,  May  19th,  20th, 
21st,  22d,  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday,  respect 
ively.  Its  headquarters  were  in  the  Continental  Guards  Armory 
on  Camp  street,  opposite  Lafayette  Square  and  City  Hall.  The 
opening  feature  of  the  convention  was  the  usual  Jefferson  Davis 
memorial  service  on  Tuesday,  May  19th,  at  10  a.  m.,  in  Christ 
Church.  General  J.  B.  Gordon,  Commander-in-Chief  United 
Confederate  Veterans;  General  Stephen  D.  Lee,  and  General  J. 
B.  Levert,  Commander  Louisiana  Division  United  Confederate 
Veterans,  with  their  respective  staffs,  a  large  number  of  veterans, 
members  of  memorial  associations,  United  Sons  of  Confederate 
Veterans  and  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  were  in  at 
tendance. 

—  45  — 


The  following  ladies  were  elected  to  serve  for  the  next  term 
of  three  years:  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  President;  Mrs.  George  A. 
Williams,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Miss  D.  M.  L.  Hodgson, 
Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  Charles  G.  Wright,  Treasurer;  Miss 
Mary  A.  Hall,  Historian;  Mrs.  Virginia  Frazer  Boyle,  Poet 
Laureate.  State  Vice-Presidents — MVs.  J.  C.  Lee,  Montgomery, 
Ala. ;  Mrs.  J.  D.  Walker,  Fayetteville,  Ark. ;  Mrs.  W.  D.  Chip- 
ley,  Pensacola,  Fla. ;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake,  Augusta,  Ga, ;  Mr<s. 
Alden  McLellan,  New  Orleans,  La. ;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Stevens,  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss. ;  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Mrs.  Gar 
land  Jones,  Raleigh,  N.  C.;  Mrs.  Alice  A.  G.  Palmer,  Charles 
ton,  S.  C. ;  Miss  Missie  Ault,  Knoxville,  Tenn. ;  Mrs.  Shelton 
Chieves,  Petersburg,  Va.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  offered  to  the 
retiring  officers  for  their  very  faithful  and  efficient  services. 

SUE  H.  WALKER, 

Corresponding  Secretary  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  As 
sociation.  . 


MRS.  J.  C.  LEE 

Vice-President  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 
Montgomery,  Ala. 

Mrs.  J.  C.  Lee,  Vice-President  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso- 
ciatiton  of  Montgomery  and  a  Vice-President  of  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association,  is  a  member  of  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  distinguished  families  in  the  South.  Mrs.  Lee 
is  a  native  of  the  Abbeville  District,  S.  C.,  and  is  descended 
from  the  distinguished  families  of  Lomax,  Tennent,  and  Mid- 
dleton,  so  that  by  inheritance,  association,  and  education  she  is 
thoroughly  imbued  with  all  the  principles  and  traditions  of 
Southern  thought  and  feeling,  which  she  has  the  happy  faculty 
of  infusing  enthusiastically  into  all  the  various  organizations 
with  which  she  is  so  prominently  associated  for  perpetuating 
the  memory  of  the  Confederacy.  She  is  one  of  the  leading  spirits 
engaged  in  the  noble  work  of  raising  funds  for  the  erection  of 
a  monument  on  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  to  the  gallant 
sons  of  Alabama  who  fell  in  that  fierce  contest. 

The  election  of  Mrs.  Lee  as  a  Vice-President  of  the  Confeder 
ated  Southern  Memorial  Association  occurred  at  the  fourth 
annual  convention  in  New  Orleans.  The  Times-Democrat  stated 
in  regard  to  it: 

—  46  — 


MRS.  J.  C.  LEE, 

Vice-President  for  Alabama,  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
Montgomery,  Alabama. 


"  Mrs.  John  C.  Lee  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  attendants 
at  the  convention  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Asso 
ciation.  She  wears  upon  her  breast  the  badge  of  her  membership 
to  the  Association,  which  is  dated  1868.  Mrs.  Lee  is  well  known 
in  Montgomery  for  her  unselfish  patriotism  that  for  thirty- 
three  years  has  made  her  devoted  to  the  noble  work  of  her 
organization.  Yesterday  she  was  the  center  of  a  little  crowd 
of  women  in  the  reception  room  at  the  Convention  headquar 
ters,  and  obligated  to  tell  many  times  her  experiences  and  the 
event  in  particular  that  has  made  her  name  so  well  known  and 
well  loved  in  her  community.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  Mrs. 
Lee  and  her  husband  resided  in  Lewisville,  Lafayette  County, 
Ark.  Much  sentiment  was  on  the  side  of  the  North.  When 
Lincoln's  proclamation  was  issued,  there  were  only  five  men 
in  the  town  who  stood  for  Southern  principles  and  Seces 
sion.  The  leaders  of  the  Union  party  straightway  made  a 
Jarge  national  flag  and  flung  its  colors  to  the  breeze.  On  see 
ing  this,  the  small,  but  determined,  band  of  Southern  sympa 
thizers  appealed  to  their  wives  to  make  a  Confederate  flag.  Mrs. 
Lee  at  once  took  the  lead.  She  was  assisted  in  making  the 
flag  by  Mrs.  Welborn,  now  of  Montgomery,  and  Mrs.  Marshall, 
of  Camdcn,  Arkansas.  The  coat  of  arms  of  Arkansas  dec 
orated  one  side,  with  'States'  rights  forever'  on  the  other  side, 
and  it  was  the  women  who  raised  it.  This  was  the  first  flag 
raised  in  Arkansas  in  opposition  to  the  Union.  Mrs.  Lee  tells 
with  enthusiasm  how  she  and  her  friends  cut  up  their  fine  and 
expensive  silk  gowns  to  make  that  banner. 

"All  during  the  war  Mrs.  Lee  kept  her  home  open  to  Confeder 
ate  soldiers,  and  it  became  a  hospital  from  which  no  one  was  ever 
turned  away.  Mrs.  Lee  sewed  for  the  soldiers,  nursed  them, 
and  her  splendid  courage  and  tender  ministrations  did  more 
than  can  be  measured  now  in  mere  words;  her  husband,  Dr.  John 
C.  Lee  was  a  cousin  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  and  was  surgeon 
general  on  the  staff  of  General  Thomas  C.  Hindman  when  the 
latter  was  in  command  of  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department 
of  the  Confederate  army." 


—  47  — 


ALABAMA 


LADIES7   MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
BOLIGEE,  ALABAMA. 

The  association  known  as  the  "  Ladies  Memorial  Association  " 
of  Boligee,  was  first  organized  in  1870,  with  the  offices  of 
President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Each  year  since,  memorial 
day  has  been  observed  with  a  growing  affection,  and  considered 
more  and  more  a  great  privilege.  Generally  the  ceremonies 
consisted  of  prayer,  an  oration  by  a  Confederate  veteran,  or  a 
Son  of  a  Veteran,  then  a  procession  of  young  men  and  maidens 
and  children,  all  clad  in  white,  bearing  flowers,  which  were 
placed  on  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead,  who  lie  in  our 
cemetery.  After  the  address,  there  is  music  and  prayer,  which 
concludes  the  exercises.  On  a  large  mound  is  a  very  pretty 
monument,  which  was  unveiled  in  1896,  on  which  occasion 
Governor  Oats  made  a  beautiful  address,  .setting  forth  the 
sacredness  of  such  occasions,  the  pride,  pleasure  and  obligation, 
that  must  and  should  attend  us,  ever,  in  memoriam  of  our  noble 
dead. 

The  Mowing  ladies  have  served  as  Presidents,  several  of 
whom  have  died,  but  all  were  faithful,  and  discharged  their 
duties  with  credit,  as  did  their  assistants: 

Mrs.  J.  McKee  Gould  served  five  years;  Mrs.  W.  P.  Shetford, 
four  years;  Miss  Sallie  Johnston,  two  years;  Miss  Lizzie  Mayes, 
one  year;  Miss  Adaline  McLenore,  five  years;  Miss  Mary  E. 
Perry,  two  years;  Mrs.  J.  A.  Morehead,  three  years. 

To  Miss  McLenore  belongs  the  credit  of  organizing  and 
directing  the  earnest  work  that  culminated  in  a  monument  to 
our  illustrious  dead,  and  we  felt  our  loss  when  she  moved  from 
our  midst. 

Our  President,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Morehead  is  a  most  active  and 
zealous  worker.  Since  she  has  been  in  office,  she  has  had  iron 
crosses  placed  at  each  grave.  The  cemetery  is  put  in  order 

—  48  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled   1896. 
Boligee,  Alabama. 


each  year — the  Confederate  graves  having  special  care  bestowed 
upon  them.  We  contributed  the  sum  of  twenty-two  dollars  and 
fifty  cents  to  the  Home  for  Confederate  Soldiers  at  Mountain 
View.  The  members  one  and  all  are  devoted  to  the  memories 
of  that  Cause  so  dear  to  every  Southern  woman,  and  while 
we  are  not  in  a  position  to  contribute  large  sums  of  money — we 
give  our  mite,  cheerfully,  whenever  it  can  aid  those,  who  sacri 
ficed  their  all  in  defense  of  home  and  friends,  and  while  life 
lasts,  we  will  be  true  to  the  memory  of  our  Confederate  Dead. 

MRS.  J.  McKEE  GOULD,  JR., 

Secretary. 


WILCOX  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
CAMDEN",  ALABAMA. 

The  Wilcox  Memorial  Association  was  organized  in  the  Sixties. 
We  erected  a  monument  to  the  Confederate  Dead  at  a  cost  of 
one  thousand  and  sixty-four  dollars  ($1,064).  It  was  the  third 
one  erected  in  this  State.  We  have  placed  marble  headstones 
over  the  graves  of  thirty-five  (35)  Confederate  soldiers  buried  in 
our  Cemetery.  In  May,  1902,  we  put  a  handsome  steel  and  wire 
fence  around  our  Monument  lot,  at  a  cost  of  two  hundred  and 
thirty  dollars  ($230.00). 

We  intend  to  beautify  the  ground  around  the  monument  with 
flowers  and  shrubbery.  We  have  contributed  small  sums  of 
money  to  other  associations  that  were  trying  to  raise  monuments 
to  our  fallen  heroes.  Some  years  ago  we  sent  a  large  box  of 
Confederate  relics  to  the  Confederate  Museum  at  Eichmond, 
Virginia.  We  also  sent  eighteen  dollars  ($18.00)  to  purchase 
a  case  to  contain  these  relics.  The  decoration  of  the  graves  of 
Confederate  soldiers  in  Camden  was  instituted  by  Mrs.  Lucy 
Motheson  nee  Jones,  Mrs.  W.  F.  Spurlin,  a  few  young  ladies, 
and  some  school  children.  We  had  no  orator  for  the  occasion,  no 
music,  but  silently  placed  the  flowers  on  the  graves.  Since  that 
date,  however,  the  interest  has  continued  to  grow  and  Memorial 
Day  is  now  universally  observed  by  our  citizens.  Our  first  memo 
rial  address  was  made  by  General  Richard  Jones.  Our  Con 
federate  monument  was  unveiled  on  April  26,  1880.  It  is  in 
the  center  of  a  large  lot  and  is  built  on  a  mound  covered  with 
bermuda  grass.  There  are  three  blocks  of  Alabama  granite  at 
the  base.  Resting  on  this  is  a  square  shaft  of  the  same  stone 

—  49  — 


surmounted  by  a  figure  of  a  Confederate  Soldier  resting  "  Lt 
arms."  On  the  center  of  the  shaft  is  the  Coat  of  Arms  of  the 
State  of  Alabama  and  below  on  a  granite  block  the  following 
inscription : 

IN  MEMORY 

OF  THE 
CONFEDERATE  DEAD 

OF 

WILCOX  COUNTY. 
1861—1865. 

On  the  North  side : 

"  They  gave  their  lives  for  us ; 
For  the  honor  of  Alabama, 
For  the  Rights  of  the  States, 
And  for  the   Principles  of  the  Union, 

As  they  were  handed  down  to  us 
By  the  Fathers  of  our  common  country." 

"  The  measure  of  their  death  was  the  crowning  glory  of  their  lives." 

JEFFERSON  DAVIS. 

On  the  South  side  of  block  is  the  inscription : 

"  When  marble   wears   away 
And  monuments  are  dust, 
The  songs  that  guard  our  soldiers'  clay 
Will  fulfill  their  trust." 

FATHER   RYAN. 
On  the  East  side : 

ERECTED  BY 
THE  LADIES'  MEMORIAL 

AND 

WILCOX  MONUMENT  ASSOCIATION. 
APRIL  26— A.  D.  1880. 

At  the  unveiling  of  the  monument  the  address  was  delivered 
by  Major  Charles  L.  Scott.  Only  two  of  the  original  officers 
are  living,  Miss  Sallie  Jones  and  myself. 

The  officers  elected  to  serve  this  year  are :  Mrs.  W.  F.  Spurlin, 
President;  Mrs.  S.  A.  Moore,  Vice  President;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Dex 
ter,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  W.  J.  Bonnu,  Secretary. 

MRS.  W.  F.  SPURLIN, 

President. 

—  50  — 


LADIES'  MEMOKIAL  ASSOCIATION. 
FLORENCE,  ALABAMA. 

During  the  Civil  War  there  was  scarcely  a  time  when  some 
command  of  the  opposing  armies  was  not  encamped  at  Florence 
or  in  the  vicinity.  And  our  good  women,  cultured  and  tenderly 
protected  until  the  horrors  of  war  confronted  them,  bravely  faced 
the  new  conditions.  They  uncomplainingly  bore  the  hardships 
of  daily  life,  and  at  the  same  time  cheerfully  responded  to  all 
appeals  for  help  from  those  less  fortunate,  while  they  nursed 
and  fed  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  from  our  own  and  the 
enemy's  camps,  one  of  the  residences  of  the  town  being  tempo 
rarily  turned  into  a  hospital. 

After  the  war,,  when  this  section  was  left  desolate  and  poverty 
was  the  common  inheritance,  these  noble  women,  many  of  them 
with  broken  hearts,  still  cherished  the  memory  of  the  Southern 
cause  as  sacred,  and  honored  those  who  gave  their  lives  in  defense 
of  the  principles  of  this  beautiful  Southland.  Before  the  organ 
ization  of  a  memorial  association  these  devoted  women,  under 
the  leadership  of  Mrs.  Cassity,  tenderly  cared  for  the  graves  of 
their  heroes.  In  1869  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  was 
formally  organized  with  the  following  officers : 

President— Mrs.  R.  0.  Pickett. 

Vice-President — Mrs.  H.  W.  Sample. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer — Miss  Bertha  Jones. 

Mrs.  Pickett  served  two  years,  when  in  1871  Mrs.  Cutler  Smith 
was  elected  President,  with  the  re-election  of  the  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  H.  W.  Sample,  and  of  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Miss 
Bertha  Jones.  Mrs.  Cutler  Smith  served  eighteen  years  as 
President. 

During  Mrs.  Cutler  Smith's  term  of  office  about  fifty  (50) 
graves  of  Confederate  soldiers  buried  in  our  cemetery  were 
marked,  and  the  site  selected  in  our  town  for  a  monument,  suf 
ficient  money  having  been  raised  to  start  work  and  complete  the 
base  at  this -period. 

In  1889  the  following  officers  were  elected :  President,  Mrs. 
William  C.  Sherrod;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  William  M.  Jackson; 
Secretary,  Miss  Jem  Weakley;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  William  P. 
Campbell. 

In  1891  the  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  Miss 
Sallie  Collier;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  William  M.  Jackson;  Sec- 

—  51  — 


retary,  Miss  Jem  Weakley ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Wiliam  P.  Campbell. 

This  marks  a  critical  period  in  the  history  of  our  association, 
as  by  this  time  Florence,  like  many  north  Alabama  towns,  had 
experienced  a  <fboom"  and  all  it  implies — first,  fictitious  values, 
and  then  the  reaction,  business  depression,  etc.,  and  in  conse 
quence  the  failure  of  the  banks,  which  held  the  deposits  of  the 
Memorial  Association.  This  money,  nearly  one  thousand  dollars, 
representing  years  of  strenuous  effort,  was  swept  away  just  when 
the  association  felt  its  cherished  hopes  were  to  be  realized. 

In  1893  Mrs.  Cutler  Smith  was  again  elected  President  with 
a  large  corps  of  assistants. 

After  our  loss  of  money  a  period  of  discouragement  set  in  and 
many  were  too  disheartened  to  continue  the  work.  But  during 
all  these  years  Memorial  Day  had  been  faithfully  observed.  Each 
soldier's  grave  was  decorated  with  flowers,  and  his  deeds  of 
valor  told  in  eloquent  words  by  the  orator  of  the  occasion. 

In  1896  the  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  Mrs. 
Jno.  B.  Weakley,  Jr.;  Vice-president,  Mrs.  M.  W.  Camper;  Sec 
retary,  Miss  Olive  Rogers ;  with  the  duties  of  Treasurer  devolving 
upon  the  President.  Under  Mrs.  Weakley's  administration  re 
newed  and  successful  efforts  were  made  to  increase  the  amount  in 
our  treasury. 

In  1901  the  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  Mrs. 
M.  W.  Camper;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  A.  M.  O'Neal;  Secretary, 
Miss  Olive  Rogers;  with  the  duties  of  Treasurer  devolving  upon 
the  President. 

During  the  past  year  we  determined  to  raise  a  sufficient  sum 
to  complete  the  monument  and  at  last  our  efforts  are  crowned 
with  success.  The  monument  stands  upon  the  public  square 
about  thirty  feet  north  of  the  courthouse  corner.  The  shaft  is 
an  imposing  one,  and  is  a  credit  to  the  heroes  of  today,  the 
men  and  women  who  have  made  it  a  fact,  as  well  as  to  the 
heroes  of  the  past.  It  consists  of  a  shaft  of  stone  rising  to  the 
height  of  nearly  sixteen  feet,  and  the  statue  surmounting  the 
shaft  is  of  white  marble  and  was  made  in  Carara,  Italy.  It  rep 
resents  a  soldier,  a  private,  suggesting  the  return  of  peace.  He 
has  thrown  his  knapsack  upon  the  ground,  resting  one  foot  upon 
it.  His  gun  is  lowered,  held  in  position  by  his  left  hand,  while 
with  his  right  he  returns  the  bayonet — the  war  is  over.  His 
countenance  is  beautiful  with  manly  strength  and  noble  resolve 
to  face  the  future.  Beneath  the  figure  on  the  sides  of  the 

—  52  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1003, 
Florence,  Alabama. 


marble  is  carved,  C.  S.  A.  1861-1865.  Deo  Vindice.  The  inscrip 
tions  on  the  shaft  are  "In  memory  of  the  Confederate  Dead  from 
Lauderdale  County,  Florence,  Alabama.  Unveiled  with  appro 
priate  ceremonies  April  26th,  1903."  "Glory  stands  beside  our 
grief."  "The  manner  of  their  death  was  the  crowning  glory  of 
their  lives." 

The  programme  for  the  unveiling  began  with  a  march  of  the 
different  Confederate  organizations  from  the  Synodical  College 
to  Court  street.  The  procession  was  arranged  in  the  following 
order:  Col.  A.  M.  O'Neal  and  staff,  cornet  band,  Confederate 
Veterans,  Wheeler  Kifles,  the  cannon  from  Cuba,  the  Ladies' 
Memorial  Association,  the  Florence  Chapter,  United  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy,  children  of  the  public  schools,  Masonic  and 
other  lodges,  city  officials,  citizens  on  foot  and  in  carriages. 
Arriving  at  the  Public  Square  the  ceremony  of  unveiling  was 
opened  with  prayer  by  Eev.  A.  P.  Odom,  a  Confederate  veteran. 
Col.  J.  D.  Weeden,  of  Camp  O'Neal,  introduced  the  orator  of 
the  day,  Dr.  H.  A.  Moody,  whose  eloquent  discourse  touched  the 
hearts  of  the  vast  asembly.  At  the  close  of  Dr.  Moody's  ad 
dress  the  monument  was  unveiled  to  the  admiring  gaze  of  the 
multitude  by  thirteen  little  girls  and  boys,  all  descendants  of 
Confederate  veterans.  The  children  were  dressed  in  white  with 
red  ribbons  and  each  holding  a  red  and  white  ribbon  attached 
to  the  veil  covering  the  statue.  At  a  given  signal  the  veil  was 
drawn,  and  at  the  same  time  from  four  hundred  school  children, 
accompanied  by  the  band,  burst  forth  the  song  "Then  I  Wish 
I  was  in  Dixie"  and  the  rebel  yell  from  the  enthusiastic  veterans 
was  an  inspiring  accompaniment.  The  names  of  the  children 
who  took  part  on  this  grand  and  never-to-be-forgotten  occasion 
are :  Novia  Chisolm,  Cornelia  Malone,  Kubie  Harrison,  Dorothy 
Ewin,  Arthur  Kirby,  Viva  Rose,  Simpson  Johnson,  Mary  Ash- 
craft,  Olivia  O'Neal,  Annie  Rowell  Hood,  George  Dudley,  Henry 
M.  Gilbert,  Francis  Walker. 

Before  closing  this  brief  history  of  our  association,  we  must 
mention  the  faithful  work  and  able  assistance  rendered  by  the 
Florence  Chapter,  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy.  It  was 
with  the  co-operation  and  valuable  contributions  of  this  chapter 
that  we  were  enabled  to  complete  the  monument. 

MRS.  M.  W.  CAMPER,  President. 


53  — 


CONFEDERATE   LADIES'   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
GAINESVILLE,  ALABAMA. 

During  the  Confederate  war  for  Constitution  and  Southern 
Independence  our  community  and  the  greater  part  of  the  State 
escaped  the  usual  depredations  committed  by  the  enemy  and  the 
peaceful  relations  existing  between  master  and  servant  were  un 
disturbed.  We  were  ever  on  the  alert,  not  knowing  what  might 
occur  under  the  existing  state  of  affairs,  throughout  our  beloved 
Southland.  Many  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  were  brought  into 
our  midst,  reminding  us  most  forcibly  of  the  horrors  of  war  and 
causing  us  to  congratulate  ourselves  that  we  were  far  from  the 
scene  of  active  hostilities.  Our  sympathies  were  aroused  and 
we  determined  to  prove  our  loyalty  and  devotion  to  the  Con 
federate  cause  by  doing  all  in  our  power  to  alleviate  the  suffer 
ings  of  the  sick  and  wounded  Confederate  soldiers.  One  of  the 
most  comfortable  buildings  in  the  city  was  turned  into  a  com 
modious  hospital,  where  we  cared  for  the  sick  and  wounded 
brought  here  from  the  different  battle  fields  and  camps.  Much 
interest  was  manifested  in  this  hospital  work,  and  the  love  and 
devotion  of  our  people  found  expression  in  many  ways.  From 
far  and  near  wagons  came  rolling  in  loaded  with  supplies  suit 
able  for  the  sick  and  wounded,  but  despite  the  tender  care  and 
gentle  nursing,  many  died  without  ever  again  looking  upon  the 
sweet  face  of  mother,  wife,  sister  or  sweetheart,  after  they  had 
bade  them  farewell  on  leaving  home  for  the  seat  of  war.  These 
brave  defenders  of  our  Southland,  who  had  sacrificed  all  at  their 
country's  call,  were  buried  in  our  cemetery  until  something  more 
fitting  could  be  done  to  immortalize  their  heroic  deeds.  When 
the  war  closed  and  we  heard  the  last  sound  of  the  footsteps  of 
our  heroes  as  they  passed  through  our  streets  on  their  weary 
march  to  desolated  homes,  we  began  to  make  plans  for  the 
proper  care  of  the  graves  of  those  who  were  laid  to  rest  in  our 
cemetery.  On  the  26th  of  April,  one  year  after  the  memorable 
surrender  of  Lee's  incomparable  army  at  Appomattox,  a  few  pa 
triotic  women  devoted  to  the  Southern  cause  and  to  the  memory 
of  the  gallant  men  who  had  rallied  to  the  defense  of  its  prin 
ciples,  gathered  at  the  several  cemeteries,  bringing  with  them 
garlands  and  evergreens  to  decorate  the  graves  of  those  who  had 
died  in  the  hospital  and  homes  of  our  citizens.  Amid  a  deep 
silence,  with  hearts  too  sad  to  give  expression  to  the  sacred  love 
which  prompted  their  action,  they  met  and  decided  that  a  monu- 

—  54  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1876. 
Gainesville,  Alabama. 


ment  should  be  erected  to  the  Confederate  dead  and  that  every 
effort  should  be  made  to  accomplish  this  object  at  an  early  date. 
As  a  result  of  our  labors  a  beautiful  but  modest  shaft  was  un 
veiled  on  Memorial  Day,  April  26,  1876.  We  date  our  Memorial 
Day  from  that  first  expression  of  love  and  remembrance.  Since 
then  we  have  observed  Memorial  Day  in  an  impressive  and  ap 
propriate  manner  and  we  endeavor  to  impress  on  the  younger 
generation  the  importance  of  preserving  an  undying  devotion  to 
the  memory  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  who  lie  buried  beneath 
the  shadow  of  the  monument  erected  to  their  memory.  We  bring 
before  them  for  their  consideration  the  love  of  truth  as  exempli 
fied  in  the  life  and  conduct  of  the  young  hero,  Sam  Davis,  for 
whose  memory  they  should  cherish  an  exalted  admiration.  In 
1900  we  affiliated  with  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  As 
sociation.  We  are  in  sympathy  with  all  pertaining  to  the  South 
and  her  great  struggle  for  constitutional  rights,  but  now  we  are 
proud  of  this  great  Union  of  States,  this  great  world  power 
made  great  by  the  land  of  the  South — long  may  her  banner 
wave. 

The  roster  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asociation  of  Gainesville, 
from  the  date  of  organization  up  to  the  present  date,  is  as 
follows : 

Mrs.  D.  H.  Williams,  President;  Mrs.  L.  V.  High,  Vice-Presi 
dent;  Mrs.  F.  P.  Snedecor,  Treasurer;  Miss  Alice  Eaton,  Cor 
responding  Secretary;  Miss  Mary  B.  Jackson,  Kecording  Secre 
tary;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Kring,  Mrs.  S.  M.  Harwood,  Mrs.  M.  F.  Good- 
loe,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Bush,  Mrs.  T.  H.  Gordon,  Mrs.  Elias  Wrenn, 
Mrs.  George  Hartsfield,  Mrs.  A.  D.  Hall,  Miss  Bettie  Thompson, 
Miss  Delia  Masscy,  Miss  Mary  Jackson,  Mrs.  (Dr.)  Pearson,  Mrs 
W.  B.  Harkness,  Miss  M.  W.  Snow,  Mrs.  Cornelius,  Mrs.  J.  N." 
Dandridge,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Eogers,  Mrs.  Emma  Allen,  Mrs.  S.  T. 
Jones,  Mrs.  J.  0.  Hemingway,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Fulton,  Mrs.  Robert 
Hill,  Mrs.  E.  Christian,  Mrs.  George  Walker,  Mrs.  L.  D.  Godfrey, 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Childe,  Mrs.  James  Windham,  Miss  Alice  Elliotte, 
Miss  Lucy  Dandridge,  Mrs.  Bessie  Windham,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Fulton, 
Mrs.  T.  H.  Long,  Miss  Cornelius,  Miss  Ella  High,  Mrs.  M.  A. 
Lanford,  Mrs.  Mary  Stone,  Mrs.  Alice  Lee,  Mrs.  W.  R.  Little, 
Mrs.  Delia  Elliotte. 

MRS.  D.  H.  WILLIAMS, 
President  and  Treasurer, 

—  55  — 


LADIES7  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
MONTGOMERY,  ALABAMA. 

An  admirable  suggestion,  worthy  of  all  praise,  made  by  the 
Southern  Memorial  Association  of  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  to 
unite  in  one  body  all  Confederate  Memorial  Associations  of 
Southern  Women,  found  a  patriotic  echo  in  other  Memorial 
Associations,  and  has  brought  us  together  into  this  Confedera 
tion  of  Memorial  Associations. 

Our  first  meeting,  thus  confederated,  from  all  parts  of  the 
South,  takes  place  to-day  in  this  beautiful  city  of  Memphis,  Ten 
nessee,  where  the  wild  flowers  have  sprung  from  the  hearts  of 
dead  heroes,  and  the  battle-fields  have  held  many  of  our  loved 
ones. 

We  meet  in  response  to  the  call  of  the  first  honored  President 
of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Asociation,  Mrs.  W. 
J.  Behan,  who  represents  not  only  her  native  oak-embowered 
Louisiana,  coming  from  the  historic  City  of  New  Orleans,  but 
the  gracious  dignity  and  devoted  patriotism  of  Southern  women 
of  the  old  regime. 

We  meet  not  as  new  women  clamoring  for  rights,  but  as  repre 
sentatives  of  our  graceful  mothers  of  whom  poets  sang,  whose 
mission  was  "to  love,  to  comfort  and  to  bless." 

Hence  it  is  meet  that  we  assemble  under  the  protectorate  of  the 
"United  Confederate  Veterans,"  the  survivors  of  the  grandest 
body  of  men  who  ever  fought  for  principle,  and  4ied  for  home 
and  native  land,  whose  deeds  have  furnished  history,  song  and 
story  with  material  unparalleled  by  any  romance  that  has  ever 
thrilled  the  listening  world.  It  is  our  proudest  boast  that  we 
have  been  the  wives,  daughters  and  mothers  of  that  incomparable 
band  of  martyred  heroes,  and  we  are  now  comrades  of  the  gallant 
survivors,  who,  like  our  Southern  Oaks,  though  crowned  with 
grey,  hold  hearts  of  evergreen. 

A  number  of  devoted  women  have  held  the  office  of  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  but  Miss  Jennie  Crommelin,  my  immediate 
predecessor,  having  filled  the  longest  term,  has  left  a  beautiful 
and  faithful  record  from  which  I  have  gleaned  much  of  this 
history,  and  it  becomes  my  pleasing  duty  as  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  which  has  no 
senior  in  the  South,  to  briefly  report  what  we  have  accomplished. 

When  the  sacred  form  of  The  Southern  Confederacy  lay  dis- 

—  56  — 


m 


MRS.  SOPHIE   GILMER  BIBB, 

President  Woman's  Hospital,  1861-1865, 

President  Ladies'ifMemorial  Association,  1866-1886, 

Montgomery,  Alabama. 


armed  by  the  sword.,  ''  outnumbered — not  outdone/'  slain  on 
the  doorstep  of  her  home,  shrouded  in  her  color?,  white  as  her 
fame,  red  as  her  heart,  her  sons  lying  wounded,  dying,  and 
dead  at  her  feet,  then  arose  the  stricken  women  of  the  South, 
while  the  night  of  terror  brooded  o'er  the  land,  and  with  loving 
hands  lifted  her  dead,  and  hid  them  in  her  bosom. 

They  had  nursed  her  sick  and  wounded,  but  now  the  armies 
were  surrendered;  these  angels  of  the  hospitals  sought  for 
more  to  do  for  their  suffering  land,  and  60,000  graves  cried  out 
from  the  consecrated  sod ! 

Before  the  close  of  the  war,  Mrs.  (Judge)  B.  S.  Bibb  fre 
quently  talked  of  her  plans  for  an  association  for  the  burial  of 
Alabama  soldiers  upon  the  various  battle-fields,  and  the  erection 
of  head-stones  over  the  eight  hundred  buried  in  our  Cemetery 
when  the  war  was  over. 

The  Society  for  the  Burial  of  the  Dead  was  formed  by  Mrs. 
Bibb,  who  was  President  of  the  Woman's  Hospital  from  1861 
to  1865,  with  the  co-operation  of  other  devoted  women  who  had 
served  so  faithfully  in  the  hospitals.  The  work  had  known 
no  intermission,  and  it  is  difficult  to  define  its  exact  beginning. 
In  less  than  a  month  after  the  close  of  the  war,  Mrs.  Bibb  had 
begun  soliciting  contributions  from  the  patriotic  citizens  of 
Montgomery,  for  the  purpose  of  honoring  our  dead,  and  erecting 
head-stones  over  those  buried  in  our  Cemetery. 

A  few  articles  of  furniture  in  the  Woman's  Hospital,  not 
removed  by  Federal  authority,  were  sold  for  $8.00,  and  this 
was  the  first  deposit  in  the  little  treasury.  When  sufficient 
funds  had  been  collected  to  warrant  it,  while  the  work  had  been 
in  progress  in  1865,  yet  the  arrangements  were  not  fully  com 
pleted  until  the  16th  of  April,  1866,  when  in  response  to  a  call 
from  Mrs.  Bibb,  voicing  the  sentiment  of  her  noble  co-laborers, 
the  meeting  was  held  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  as 
stated  in  the  records  of  proceedings  drawn  up  by  Rev.  S.  K. 
Cox,  by  request  of  Mrs.  Bibb,  who  presided  over  the  meeting, 
"  to  devise  ways  and  means  to  have  the  remains  of  Alabama 
soldiers,  now  lying  scattered  over  the  various  battle-fields  of  the 
war,  collected  and  deposited  in  public  burial  grounds,  or  where 
they  may  be  saved  from  neglect."  It  was  styled  "  The  Ladies' 
Society  for  the  Burial  of  Deceased  Alabama  Soldiers,"  but  was 
soon  after  called,  "  The  Ladies'  Memorial  Asociation."  At  the 
organization  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  Mrs.  (Judge)  B. 


S.  Bibb,  President;  Mrs.  (Judge)  Jno  D.  Phelan,  Vice  President; 
Mrs.  (Dr.)  W.  C.  Baldwin,  Secretary;  Mrs.  E.  C.  Hannon,  Treas 
urer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

Mrs.  (Dr.)  S.  Rambo,  Chairman. 

Mrs.  John  Elmore,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Hausman, 

Mrs.  W.  Pollard,  Mrs.  Mount, 

Mrs.  (Dr.)  Wilson,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Bell, 

Mrs.  W.  J.  Bibb,  Mrs.  James  Ware, 

Mrs.  Judge  Bugbee,  Mrs.  Fort  Hargrove. 

Gladly  would  every  name  be  mentioned  which  has  ever  been 
entered  on  this  roll,  but  time  and  space  forbid.  No  women 
ever  worked  more  loyally.  Entertainments  of  various  kinds, 
Bazaars,  Operettas,  were  given,  and  original  plays  were  pro 
duced  by  this  and  kindred  associations  in  the  State,  for  there 
were  geniuses  and  artists  in  this  band  of  devotees. 

In  our  City  Cemetery  we  have  expended  the  following 
amounts  : 

Head-stones  for  eight  hundred  soldiers . .  .    $5,600  00 

Building  Monument  and  Chapel 3,000  00 

We  sent  to  Shiloh,  Miss.,  for  our  soldiers.  .     1,000  00 

To  Franklin,  Tenn 800  00 

To  Fredericksburg,  Va 600  00 

Richmond,  Ya 400  00 

Norfolk,  Va 450  00 

Petersburg,  Va 400  00 

Jonesboro,  Ga 100  00 


Sum  Total $12,350  00 

Several  hundred  dollars  have  been  spent  in  aiding  soldiers' 
families  left  destitute  by  the  fortunes  of  war,  and  in  response 
to  an  appeal  from  Gen.  J.  B.  Gordon  to  unite  in  building  a  mon 
ument  to  President  Davis,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  paid 
Capt.  S.  A.  Cunningham,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  the  agent  for  the 
Davis  Monument  Fund,  whose  patriotic  labors  have  never  been 
surpassed,  the  sum  of  $143.85.  Also  sent  to  Mrs  Nannie  Selden 
Barney,  for  placing  head  stones  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  $60.00. 

While  these  contributions  so  frequently  lessened  the  store,  the 
long  cherished  purpose  to  build  the  monument,  which  now 
crowns  Capitol  Hill,  was  never  abandoned.  Within  five  years 

—  58  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

Unveiled  i8g8. 
Montgomery,  Alabama. 


the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association.,  notwithstanding  its  generous 
disbursements,  had  gathered  into  its  treasury  $10,000.00  for 
this  purpose.  The  corner  stone  of  this  monument,  of  which  we 
are  justly  proud,  was  laid  by  our  honored  Chieftain,  who  came 
at  our  call  from  his  home  at  Beauvoir,  to  lay  a  sacred  touch 
upon  the  work,  and  this  was  the  proudest  day  in  the  life  of 
President  Davis,  for  no  dethroned  Monarch  ever  received  such 
proofs  of  love,  and  the  tender  grace  of  that  day  will  ever  be  a 
golden  link  in  memory's  chain. 

The  treasury  gradually  increased,  and  to  the  $10,000.00  was 
added  the  gift  of  $6,766.00  by  the  Monumental  Association, 
composed  of  Confederate  Veterans  organized  for  the  same  object, 
but  who,  recognizing  memorial  work  as  peculiarly  fitting  to 
woman,  turned  over  this  fund  to  our  Association.  The  first 
subscription  was  $100.00  from  Mrs.  (Judge)  B.  S.  Bibb,  and  her 
name  was  first  on  the  list  of  honorary  membership  when  the 
Monumental  Association  was  incorporated.  She  did  not  live  to 
witness  the  grand  scene  of  the  unveiling,  but  her  last  days  were 
made  glad  by  the  visit  of  her  friend  and  honored  President,  and 
their  parting  on  the  day  when  the  foundation  fctone  was  laid, 
proved  to  be  their  last,  for  on  the  9th  of  January,  1887,  she 
passed  to  the  "  Land  of  the  Blessed."  Her  death  was  a  great  blow 
to  the  Association.  Her  daughter,  Mrs.  Martha  Dandridge 
Bibb,  was  unanimously  chosen  to  succeed  her,  which  she  accepted 
as  a  touching  tribute  to  her  mother's  faithful  work.  Aside  from 
her  executive  ability,  her  patriotism  is  intense,  and  this  labor 
has  been  regarded  by  her,  as  it  were,  a  sacred  bequest.* 

In  response  to  an  appeal  from  Mrs.  M.  D.  Bibb,  the  sum  of 
$5,000.00  was  appropriated  by  the  Legislature.  How  nobly 
these  unfaltering  heroines  continued  to  work  for  the  good  cause 
is  a  part  of  State  history,  and  the  details  make  four  volumes  of 
records,  from  which  has  been  condensed  a  brief  "History  of  the 
Monument",  written  within  the  last  year  for  the  benefit  of  the 
monument  we  now  propose  to  erect  to  Alabamians  who  fought 
and  fell  at  Chickamauga. 

Again,  in  response  to  an  appeal  from  the  Ladies'  Memorial  As 
sociation,  the  Legislature  made  an  appropriation  of  $10,000.00 
for  the  completion  of  the  monument  on  Capitol  Hill,  and  still 

*EDITOK'S  NOTE.— We  present  in  this  volume  the  picture  of  Mrs  Martha  Dandridge 
Bibb,  widow  of  Col  J.  B.  Bibb,  the  daughter  who  succeeded  her  mother,  "Aunt 
Sophie,"  as  president  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  from  1886  to  the  present 
rlav. 


another  appropriation  of  $1,000.00  was  made,  which,  with  the 
amount  in  hand,  enabled  us  to  complete  it,  and  it  was  unveiled 
on  the  7th  of  December,  1898,  and  is  the  glory  of  Alabama — 
a  commemoration  of  the  heroism  of  her  sons  and  her  daughters. 
It  is  a  magnificent  monument,  and  was  finished  after  more  than 
thirty  years'  labor  of  love. 

There  remained  in  the  treasury  about  $500.00.  We  immedi 
ately  opened  the  books  for  the  Chickamauga  fund,  subscribed 
$400.00,  and  are  now  slowly  gathering  funds  for  that  purpose. 
We  have  again  subscribed  for  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument 
Fund  $25.00,  which  I  will  take  great  pleasure  in  delivering  to 
Mrs.  Eandolph,  chairman  of  the  Davis  Memorial  Fund.  The 
Memorial  Association  should  always  exist.  Let  its  members  be 
the  guardian  angels  of  the  monuments  we  have  erected,  and  ever 
direct  the  annual  ceremonies  in  memory  of  our  honored  dead. 
Memorial  Day  is  ours.  The  decoration  of  the  graves  of  our 
soldiers  and  the  monuments  to  the  dead  is  the  prerogative  of 
Memorial  Associations,  and  should  be  ours  forever.  Our  Me 
morial  Association  is  nearly  thirty-six  years  old  The  present 
officers  are  Mrs.  Martha  Dandridge  Bibb,  President;  Mrs.  C.  J. 
Hausman,  Vice  President;  Mrs.  I.  M.  P.  Ockenden,  Secretary 
and  Treasurer;  the  Executive  Committee,  Mrs.  Leon  Wyman, 
Col.  J.  W.  A.  Sanford,  Gov.  Thos.  G.  Jones,  F.  Duncan, 
J.  C.  Lee,  E.  Ledyard,  P.  H.  Gayle  and  G-.  K.  Doran;  Fi 
nance  Committee,  Mesdames  M.  D.  Bibb,  C.  J.  Hausman, 
Alfred  Bethea  and  I.  M.  P.  Ockenden. 

It  is  worthy  of  record  that  no  member  of  the  Association  has 
ever  made  a  charge,  or  received  any  pecuniary  compensation  for 
services  rendered. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  has  had  but  two  Presidents. 
The  first,  Mrs.  (Judge)  B.  S.  Bibb,  served  twenty-one  years.  The 
latter,  Mrs.  Martha  Dandridge  Bibb,  is  now  completing  fifteen 
years'  service.  It  has  had  four  Vice  Presidents — Mrs.  (Judge) 
John  D.  Phelan,  who  gave  four  sons  to  fight  the  battles  of  the 
"  Southern  Confederacy,"  and  whose  brief  period  of  office,  closed 
by  death,  was  a  willing  and  worthy  tribute  to  the  cause  she  so 
much  loved  and  honored,  and  for  which  two  of  her  gallant  sons 
sacrificed  their  lives;  Mrs.  John  Elmore,  who  also  gave  noble 
sons  to  the  service  of  the  Confederacy  (who  still  survive  and  il 
lustrate  their  inherited  patriotism,  in  peace  as  in  war),  was  a 
Devoted  member  of  the  Woman's  Hospital  and  Memorial  Associ- 

—  60  — 


ation,  whose  faithfulness  and  gracious  kindness  is  fondly  cher 
ished  by  her  compatriots;  Mrs.  (Dr.)  W.  0.  Baldwin, whose  active 
service  from  the  beginning  to  the  close  of  the  war  in  the  hospital, 
and  later  in  the  Memorial  Association,  was  intensified  by  the 
death  of  her  brave  son  in  his  young  manhood  on  the  breastworks 
at  Franklin,  Tenn.  Mrs.  C.  J.  Hausman,  the  present 
incumbent,  whose  generous  and  kind  services  in  the  hospital 
throughout  the  war,  and  in  the  Memorial  Association,  from  its 
organization  to  the  present  time,  render  her  a  most  valuable 
officer. 

I  beg  to  mention  Mrs.  W.  B.  Bell,  who,  though  not  an  officer 
was  eminently  faithful  in  her  services  during  the  war  to  the  sick 
and  wounded  soldiers  in  the  Woman's  Hospital.  She  ministered 
to  them  daily  so  tenderly  that  they  frequently  called  her 
"  Mother  Bell/7  and  many  of  the  veterans  still  speak  of  her 
and  her  companions  with  loving  reverence.  Her  services  were 
continued  in  the  Memorial  Association  until  she  passed  beyond 
the  stars. 

There  have  been  eight  Secretaries,  all  worthy  of  honorable 
mention:  Mrs.  (Dr.)  Baldwin,  Eev.  S.  K.  Cox,  Ass't. ;  Mrs.  Vir 
ginia  Hilliard,  Miss  Bettie  Bell,  Miss  Mamie  Graham,  Mrs.  Eosa 
Gardner  and  Miss  Jeannie  Crommelin,  who  preceded  the  present 
Secretary,  and  by  whose  accurate  and  graceful  records  she  has 
been  so  much  assisted.  Time  and  space  curb  the  pen.  Sacred 
names  and  gentle  shades  throng  upon  me  for  recognition — five 
Treasurers,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Hannon,  Mrs.  William  Ware,  Mrs.  Geo. 
Holmes  and  Miss  Jeannie  Crommelin,  precede  Mrs.  I.  M.  P. 
Ockenden. 

It  will  be  seen  that  woman's  wrork  began  with  the  first  act  of 
Secession,  the  child  of  State  Eights  and  Liberty,  born  in  Massa 
chusetts  and  cradled  in  Alabama.  It  is  well  worthy  of  record 
that  the  first  sick  soldiers  ever  brought  to  Montgomery  were 
carried  to  two  comfortable  cottages  gladly  given  by  Mrs.  (Dr.) 
Bellinger,  on  Bellinger  Heights^  who  was  widely  noted  for  her 
sweet  charities  and  patriotism,  where  she,  with  a  number  of 
Icyal  gentlewomen,  ministered  unto  them.  Prominent  among 
them  was  Mrs.  (Judge)  B.  S.  Bibb,,  whose  tender  ministrations 
won  for  her  the  affectionate  appellation  of  "Aunt  Sophie"  wher 
ever  the  story  of  the  Confederacy  was  told.  Her  administrative 
talents,  add^l  to  the  firmness  equalled  only  by  her  tenderness, 


made  her  a  leader  of  these  "  Florence  Nightingales."  It  was  meet 
that  she  should  become  the  President  of  the  first  organization  of 
the  Woman's  Hospital,  which  was  only  closed  by  the  arbitra 
ment  of  the  sword,  and  of  the  Ladies7  Memorial  Association,  its 
outgrowth.  These  offices  sought  her,  and  she  honored  them  until 
death  stilled  her  noble  heart.  Mrs.  Martha  Dandridge  Bibb, 
the  present  President,  is  the  widow  of  the  gallant  Col.  J.  B.  Bibb, 
Twenty-third  Alabama  Eegiment,  one  of  the  bravest  of  the  brave 
patriots  of  Alabama,  who  defended  the  Constitution  and  the 
right  of  secession  with  his  own  blood,  and  was  as  eminent  for 
zeal  in  defense  of  native  land,  as  Mrs.  Bibb  is  to-day  untiring  in 
every  effort  for  the  best  interest  of  the  Memorial  Association, 
and  the  perpetuation  of  the  holy  memories  to  which  our  work  is 
consecrated.  She  attributes  her  remarkable  success  to  the  influ 
ence  of  her  mother,  who,  "though  dead,  still  speaketh"  to  the 
hearts  of  the  Confederate  soldiers,  and  thus  greatly  assisted  her 
in  obtaining  those  appropriations  from  the  Legislature,  with  the 
co-operation  of  her  associates,  without  whom,  she  modestly  de 
clares,  she  could  do  nothing.  Next  to  the  magnificent  shaft  de 
livered  to  the  State  of  Alabama,  she  is  proudest  of  the  Memorial 
Association.  The  roll  of  noble  membership  through  many  years, 
which  sheds  the  pure  white  light  of  love  on  our  records,  is  worthy 
of  a  beautiful  volume,  and  reverent  is  the  hand  that  would  fain 
enshrine  the  465  members.  Alas !  Eemoval  and  death  have 
taken  many  of  these  away,  but  their  names  are  fondly  cherished 
by  those  who  remain  to  pay  tribute  to  memory. 

Memorial  Day  shall  haunt  the  sweet  Southland, 
The  line  of  bloom  shall  reach  from  shore  to  shore ; 

From  grave  to  grave  is  linked  the  mystic  chain, 
That  binds  us  heart  to  heart  forever  more! 

Eespectfully  submitted, 

MRS.  I.    M.    P.    OCKENDEN, 

Secy  and  Treasurer  L.  M.  A.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Approved — MRS.  M.  D.  BIBB, 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 


—  62  — 


WHITE  HOUSE  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
MONTGOMERY,  ALABAMA. 

Organized  Juy  ist,  1900.  Chartered  Feb.  5th,  1901.  Motto:  "Lov 
ing  Duty  to  the  Past,  Present  and  Future."  Flower — White  Violets. 

The  object  of  this  Association  is  to  preserve  as  a  Confederate 
Museum  and  Library  the  historic  old  home  occupied  by  Mr. 
Davis  and  family  in  1861  while  in  Montgomery.,  Ala.,  known 
to  history  as  the  First  White  House  of  the  Confederacy.  Also 
as  a  repository  for  valuable  relics  given  the  association  by  Mrs. 
Jefferson  Davis. 

OFFICERS — Queen  Regent,  Mrs.  Jefferson  Davis ;  Regent,  Mrs. 
J.  D.  Beale;  First  Vice-Regent,  Mrs.  Virginia  Clay  Clopton; 
Second  Vice-Regent,  Mrs.  Belle  Allen  Ross;  Recording  Secre 
tary,  Mrs.  Alfred  Bethea;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jno. 
W.  A.  Sanford;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Chappel  Cory;  Historian,  Mrs. 
Jno.  G.  Finley. 

DIRECTORS — Mrs.  Vance  Elmore,  Chairman;  Mrs.  Chappell 
Cory,  Mrs.  John  Eberhardt,  Mrs.  B.  H.  Craig,  Mrs.  C.  A.  Lanier, 
Mrs.  E.  T.  Ledyard,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Campbell,  Mrs.  Jessie  Lamar, 
Mrs.  R.  P.  Crigg,  Mrs.  J.  W.  A.  Sanford. 

TRUSTEES — Mrs.  Alfred  Bethea,  Chairman;  Mrs.  W.  L.  Durr, 
Mrs  Wm.  L.  Chambers,  Mrs.  J.  D.  Beale,  Mrs.  John  G.  Finley, 
Mrs.  Edward  Trimble,  Mrs.  Albert  Elmore. 

COMMITTEE.  COLLECTING  RELICS. — Mrs.  J.  D.  Beale,  Chair 
man;  Mrs.  Alfred  Bethea,  Mrs.  Chappell  Cory,  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Lanier,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Trimble. 

BOOKS  FOR  LIBRARY — Mrs.  Edwin  Gardner  Weed,  Chairman ; 
Mrs.  W.  L.  Durr,  Mrs.  Clifford  Lanier,  Mrs.  Mary  Elmore  Per 
sons,  Mrs.  Chappell  Cory,  Mrs.  Belle  Allen  Ross,  Mrs.  Thomas 
McAdory  Owen,  Mrs.  Thomas  H.  Reynolds,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Cham 
bers,  Mrs.  M.  P.  Watt,  Mrs.  Mortimer  Tuttle,  Mrs.  B.  J.  Bald 
win,  Mrs.  Geo.  C.  Ball,  Mrs.  Cornelia  Branch  Stone. 

WOOD  COMMITTEE — Mrs.  C.  J.  Campbell,  Chairman;  Mrs. 
Ella  H.  Brock,  Mrs.  J.  Warren  Jones,  Mrs.  Bessie  M.  Judson, 
Mrs.  George  Stowers,  Mrs.  Geo.  Raoul,  Mrs.  Edward  Hastings, 
Mrs.  Jno.  Savage,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Reeves,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Jackson,  Mrs. 
C.  B.  Ferrell,  Mrs.  Sylas  Tyson,  Mrs.  L.  G.  Peacher,  Miss  Kath- 
erine  Holt,  Mrs.  Ed  Naftel,  Mrs.  Jessie  Lamar,  Mrs.  Geo.  Fol- 

—  63  — 


mar,  Mrs.  Geo.  Simpson.,  Miss  Mary  Burke.,  Mrs.  Jno.  W.  San- 
ford,  Jr. 

RAISING  FUNDS — Mrs.  A.  M.  Allen,  Chairman;  Miss  Norman 
Williams,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Adams,  Mrs  M.  A.  Baldwin,  Mrs.  Benj. 
Craig,  Mrs.  Eobert  Grigg,  Mrs  Charles  Annie  Derby,  Mrs.  Vince 
Elmore,  Mrs  Toombs  Eberhart,  Mrs.  Eobert  Goldthwaite,  Mrs. 
Luther  Hill,  Mrs.  Fred  Warren,  Mrs.  T.  H.  Mabson,  Mrs.  Allen 
Blewett,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Caruthers,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Johnston,  Mrs  Clarke 
Lanier,  Mrs.  Lawrence  McLocklen,  Mrs.  Jack  Phelan,  Mrs. 
Henry  Crommelin,  Mrs.  Paul  Smith,  Mrs.  P.  A.  Travis,  Mrs. 
Pitt  Tyson,  Mrs.  Will  Trimble,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Taylor,  Mrs.  Remus 
Persons,  Mrs.  Jno.  Watts,  Miss  Mamie  Bethea,  Miss  Sallie  El- 
more,  Miss  Sallie  Brown,  Miss  Annie  Bell,  Miss  Fannie  May 
Duskin,  Miss  Mary  Hails,  Miss  Fannie  Hails,  Miss  M.  Kester- 
son,  Miss  Mamie  Offutt,  Miss  Lila  Tompkins,  Mrs.  Thomas  Arm 
strong,  Mrs.  David  B.  Anderson,  Mrs  Cad.  Beale,  Mrs.  Myrtle 
Campbell,  Mrs.  Jno.  D.  Carter,  Mrs.  Frank  Duncan,  Mrs.  Albert 
Elmore,  Mrs.  Henry  Chamberlain,  Mrs.  George  Janney,  Mrs. 
George  Hails,  Mrs.  Lucy  Beale,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Snodgrass,  Mrs.  C. 
J.  Brooks,  Mrs.  Kate  Collins,  Mrs.  Ann  Elmore  Hearn,  Mrs.  E. 
T.  Ledyard,  Mrs.  Jno.  W^est,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Micou,  Mrs.  E.  M. 
Riley,  Mrs.  B.  B.  Merriwether,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Tompkins,  Mrs.  Pattie 
Tyson,  Mrs.  Albert  Taylor,  Mrs.  L.  Strauss,  Mrs.  Sidney  J. 
Weil,  Miss  Caroline  Beale,  Miss  Laura  Elmore,  Miss  Erne  Brown, 
Miss  Bettie  Bell,  Miss  Annie  Peacher,  Miss  Pauline  Persons, 
Miss  Sallie  Hails,  Miss  Lena  Hausman,  Miss  Mary  D.  Merri 
wether,  Miss  Mattie  Tompkins,  Miss  Gabriella  Watts. 

The  membership  list  comprises  names  of  men,  women  and 
children  not  only  of  Montgomery  and  Alabama,  but  of  the  en 
tire  South. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
UNION  SPRINGS,  ALABAMA. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Union  Springs,  Ala 
bama,  was  organized  on  April  13th,  1888,  by  a  band  of  noble, 
devoted  women — mothers,  wives  and  daughters  of  those  who 
fought  for  "the  storm-cradled  nation  that  fell."  The  first  officers 
were:  Mrs.  T.  M.  Waugh,  President;  Mrs.  S.  J.  Foster,  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  C.  B.  Chapman,  Secretary;  Mrs.  S.  T.  Frazer, 

—  G4  — 


MRS.  J.  D.  BEALE, 

President  White  House  Memorial  Association, 
Montgomery.  Alabama. 


Treasurer.  Those  who  have  filled  the  office  of  President  in  the 
Association  are:  Mrs.  T.  M.  Waugh,  Mrs.  L.  J.  Gary,  Miss 
Kate  Coleman,  Mrs.  E.  H.  Hayes,  Mrs.  Mary  F.  Pittman  and 
Mrs.  V.  P.  Pickett,  who  now  fills  the  chair  with  honor,  ably 
assisted  by  Miss  Addie  Beaumont,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 

A.  L.  Rumph,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  B.  T.  Eley,  Treas 
urer;  Miss  Delia  Chappell,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  M.  F. 
Pittman,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Much  effective  work  has  been  done  by  this  Association.  At 
present  the  work  is  marking  the  graves  of  Confederate  soldiers 
in  this  city.  Prior  to  this  it  was  caring  for  disabled  veterans, 
furnishing  a  room  at  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Mountain  Creek, 
etc.  However  the  most  eloquent  testimonial  of  their  united 
efforts  is  the  marble  shaft  surmounted  by  a  private  soldier,  a 
tribute  to  the  glorious  valor  of  Southern  manhood.  This  monu 
ment  was  unveiled  on  March  29th,  1895. 

Following  is  a  list  of  names  of  the  ladies  who  are  or  ever  have 
been  members  of  this  Association :  Mrs.  M.  A.  Branch,  Mrs.  A. 
M.  Bledsoe,  Miss  Addie  Beaumont,  Mrs.  I.  F.  Culver,  Mrs.  P. 
L.  Cowan,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Cowan,  Mrs.  L.  J.  Gary,  Mrs.  A.  T. 
Craven,  Miss  Kate  Coleman,  Mrs.  E.  H.  Cope,  Mrs.  Alex  Curry, 
Mrs.  G.  Carlisle,  Miss  Amoret  Dawson,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Dawson,  Mrs. 

B.  T.  Eley,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Eley,  Miss  Laura  Ellis,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Frazer, 
Mrs.  S.  J.  Foster,  Mrs.  Hugh  Foster,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Fitzpatrick, 
Mrs.  W.  M.  Fuller,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Grady,  Mrs.  R.  E.  L.  Cope,  Mrs. 
R  L.  Hobdy,  Miss  Annie  Hobdy,  Mrs.  Henry  Harris,  Mrs.  R.  H. 
Hayes,  Mrs.  L.  W.  Jinks,  Mrs.  C.  L.  Jinks,  Mrs.  Lee,  Mrs.  F. 
M.  Moseley,  Mrs.  Fannie  Hayes,  Mrs.  James  Me  Andrew,  Mrs. 
J.  G.  McAndrew,  Mrs.  W.  A.  McAndrew,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Picket^ 
Mrs.  D.  J.  Paulk,  Mrs.  Mary  F.  Pittman,  Mrs.  E.  Troup  Randle, 
Miss  Annie  Randle,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Rosenstihl,  Mrs.  Wm.  Rosenstihl, 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Rumph,  Mrs.  W.  W.  Rainer,  Mrs.  S.  P.  Rainer,  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Rainer,  Sr.,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Roberts,  Mrs.  Stakely,  Mrs.  A.  E. 
Singleton,  Miss  Sallie  Smith,  Mrs.  J.  Thompson,  Mrs.  Thomas, 
Mrs.  Wm.  Thornton,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Wilson,  Mrs.  T.  Wolfenden, 
Miss  Delia   Chappell,   Mrs.   Jesse  Roberson,   Mrs.   Emma   Mc- 
Gowan,  Mrs.  G.  A.  Ritch,  Mrs.  N".  H.  Frazer. 


ARKANSAS 


SOUTHERN  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
FAYETTEVILLE,  ARKANSAS. 

The  organization  of  the  Southern  Memorial  Association  of 
Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  was  not  of  so  early  a  date  as  some  of  her 
sister  organizations.  Our  country  was  devastated;  our  homes  in 
ashes,  our  farms  were  waste  places.  The  fire  must  needs  be  re 
kindled  upon  the  hearthstone ;  our  children  housed  and  fed,  hus 
bands  and  sons  who  had  come  home  in  the  gloom  of  defeat  needed 
the  encouragement  and  help  of  willing  hands.  With  those  de 
mands  upon  us  it  was  six  long  years  of  care  and  toil  before  we 
found  time  for  organized  work,  and  opportunity  to  begin  "  gather 
ing  our  sacred  dead."  Although  not  organized,  we,  from  the 
beginning  of  the  war  to  the  end,  ministered  with  our  strength  and 
our  store  to  the  needs  of  the  sick,  the  wounded  and  the  dying. 
June  10,  1872,  we  organized  the  Southern  Memorial  Associa 
tion.  Thirty-eight  courageous  women  pledged  themselves  to  the 
work.  The  membership  now  is  seventy-five.  The  name  mani 
fests  clearly  the  purpose  of  the  organization.  When  the  object 
and  plan  of  our  work  was  understood,  a  few  brave  women  in  and 
about  Boonsboro,  a  neighboring  town,  formed  a  like  association 
and  became  auxiliary  to  ours.  Truly  they  were  a  very  help  in 
time  of  need  although  they  worked  as  an  association  for  but  a 
short  time. 

The  first  effort  was  to  secure  ground  for  a  cemetery.  Three 
acres  of  land  well  located,  was  purchased.  Our  dead  were  laid 
to  rest  upon  a  beautiful  green  sun-kissed  spot,  where  it  is  flooded 
with  the  first  roseate  rays  of  the  morning  and  made  beautiful  at 
eventide  by  the  last  lingering  beams  of  the  setting  sun,  threading 
with  golden  light  the  deepening  shadows. 

We  worked  with  our  might,  bringing  in  the  mouldering  bones 
of  soldiers,  and  clearing  and  beautifying  the  grounds.  At  the 
end  of  the  first  year  our  cemetery  was  enclosed  by  a  wooden  fence, 

—  66  — 


MRS.  J.  D.   WALKER: 

Vice-President  for  Arkansas,  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
Fayetteviile,  Arkansas. 


the  grounds  in  fairly  good  condition,  and  had  interred  about  five 
hundred  bodies,,  with  no  debts  overhanging.  This  was  herculean 
work  for  one  year,  considering  the  financial  condition  of  the 
country. 

On  the  10th  of  June,  1873,  the  first  anniversary  of  our  organU 
zation,  we  dedicated  with  befitting  ceremonies,  amid  tears  and 
rejoicing,  the  "  Confederate  Cemetery  of  Fayetteville,  Arkansas," 
to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  buried  there. 

The  work  of  collecting  the  bodies  of  the  soldiers  went  on  in  the 
years  that  followed,  until  every  wayside  grave  had  given  up  its 
treasure.  The  search  for  the  scattered  graves  extended  into  three 
adjoining  counties.  There  were  only  two  battlefields  of  note 
within  our  reach,  Pea  Eidge  and  Prairie  Grove,  yet  every  foot 
of  soil  in  this  part  of  Arkansas  was  marked  by  contest  and  red 
with  the  blood  of  valor.  The  soldiers  whose  bodies  the  fortunes 
of  war  left  to  our  care  were  from  Missouri,  Texas,  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas. 

Our  cemetery  is  octagon  in  shape  and  divided  into  eight  tri 
angular  sections,  with  the  apex  of  each  section  resting  at  the 
base  of  the  monument.  Four  of  these  sections  are  for  graves, 
alternating  with  four  for  trees  and  ornamental  shrubbery,  one 
grave  section  devoted  separately  to  Missouri,  one  to  Texas,  -one 
to  Louisiana  and  one  to  Arkansas.  Officers  and  men  we  have  laid 
side  by  side  "'neath  green  tents  whose  curtains  never  outward 
swing."  Neither  chevron,  nor  epaulet  will  mark  rank  at  the  next 
great  muster  call.  The  rank  and  file  poured  out  as  rich  red 
blood  as  those  whose  commands  they  obeyed.  In  our  cemetery 
rests  the  remains  of  Gen.  W.  Y.  Slack,  of  Missouri,  than  whom 
no  braver  man  drew  sword  in  the  awful  conflict,  side  by  side 
with  nearly  nine  hundred  brave  men  "  awaiting  the  judgment 
day."  Besides  the  victims  of  the  war,  we  have  buried  six  other 
Confederate  soldiers,  citizens  of  our  town  and  country,  who  dying, 
made  request  for  a  place  for  their  last  long  sleep  beside  their 
comrades  in  grey,  and  where  their  graves  would  be  watched  over 
by  the  women  of  the  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

In  1885,  we  undertook  the  erection  of  a  substantial  stone  wall 
around  our  cemetery.  This  was  a  serious  undertaking,  with  a 
depleted  treasury,  and  all  our  means  of  earning  worn  thread 
bare,  but  we  finally  decided  to  ask  our  old  soldiers  who  had  stood 
by  us  so  faithfully  to  help  us  in  this  by  one  dollar  contributions. 


Their  ready   and  liberal  response  enabled  us  soon  to  see  our 
cemetery  handsomely  enclosed  for  all  time. 

As  property  owners  and  a  body  making  contracts,  it  became 
necessary  that  we  have  a  legal  existence,  and  we  became  duly 
incorporated  under  the  law. 

With  all  this  more  necessary  work  accomplished,,  the  Associa 
tion  felt  at  liberty  to  give  its  energy  to  the  erection  of  a  monu 
ment.  This  was  a  long  cherished  dream,  the  ultimate  end  around 
which  the  dearest  hopes  of  the  Association  twined.  With  this 
fixed  end  in  view  the  Southern  Memorial  Association  took  on 
new  life,  many  new  members  were  added  to  it;  its  strength  was 
greatly  augmented  by  two  auxilliary  associations  being  formed, 
one  at  Springdale  and  one  at  Prairie  Grove,  near-by  towns,  for 
the  one  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  erection  of  a  monument.  It 
was  not  long  until  our  united  efforts  were  rewarded.  The 
end  was  compassed.  The  money  raised.  The  contract  let  for 
a  monument. 

On  May  1st,  1897,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  in  the  presence  of 
an  enthusiastic  multitude.  The  10th  of  June,  1897,  the  Southern 
Memorial  Association  unveiled  to  the  gaze  of  a  multitude  whose 
number  has  not  been  equalled  in  the  history  of  our  country, 
the  monument,  a  beautiful  granite  shaft,  surmounted  by  a  bronze 
statue  of  a  private  soldier.  Near  the  base  on  each  of  the  four 
sides  is  carved  the  name  of  the  State  whose  grave  section  it 
fronts.  The  inscriptiton  is  simple,  but  rich  with  the  truth  which 
it  embodies.  It  is  a  portion  of  the  beautiful  inscription  on  the 
Confederate  monument  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  is 
as  follows : 

These    were    men 

"  Whom    power    could    not    corrupt, 
Whom    death    could    not    terrify, 
Whom   defeat  could  not  dishonor." 

It  was  a  glad  hour  of  triumph  when  that  monument  was  started 
down  the  vista  of  years,  bearing  its  tribute  to  the  Confederate 
soldier  whose  valor  and  heroism  defeat  has  not  obscured.  These 
monuments  we  build  will  speak  their  message  to  unborn  genera 
tions.  These  voiceless  marbles  in  their  majesty  will  stand  as 
vindicators  of  the  Confederate  soldier.  They  will  lift  from  these 
brave  men  the  opprobrium  of  rebel,  and  stand  them  in  the  line 
of  patriots.  This  is  not  alone  a  labor  of  love,  it  is  a  work  of 
duty  as  well.  We  are  correcting  history.  These  tributes  we  pay 

—  68—- 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 

Unveiled  1897. 
Fayetteville  Arkansas. 


are  not  salves  to  disappointed  hopes ;  not  outbursts  of  enthusiasm, 
but  enthusiasm  grown  to  purpose  and  to  principle. 

Each  year  since  the  organization  of  the  Southern  Memorial 
Association  has  been  marked  by  a  memorial  service  in  the 
cemetery.  Flowers  have  been  strewn  upon  the  graves,  and 
chap  lets  fragrant  with  sweet  and  living  memories  woven  about 
them. 

Among  the  minor  works  of  our  association  one  that  suggests 
itself  as  worthy  of  mention  in  this  record,  is  the  setting  apart 
a  day  for  planting  trees  in  our  cemetery.  We  advertised  the  day 
thoroughly,  offering  to  persons  (men  and  women)  who  had 
friends  among  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  lost  cause  to  whose 
memory  they  wished  to  pay  tribute,  the  privilege  of  planting  a 
tree  dedicated  to  the  hero  whom  they  wished  to  honor;  it  mattered 
not  where  he  fell.  The  trees  are  marked  enduringly  by  tablets. 
Many  availed  themselves  of  this  offer.  Every  tree  in  our  cemetery 
stands  as  a  loving  tribute  to  some  hero.  It  is  a  beautiful  thought 
that  when  our  work  is  finished  and  the  summons  comes  to  us  that 
we  must  leave  this  work  to  other  hands  and  "go  over  and  rest 
under  the  shade  of  the  trees  on  the  other  side,"  that  these  trees, 
this  forest  of  love,  will  still  stand,  stretching  forth  their  kindly 
branches,  protecting  the  graves  of  our  soldiers  alike  from  burn 
ing  sun  and  pelting  storm,  and  that  the  sighing  wind  will  whisper 
from  leaf  to  leaf  sweet  and  tender  memories  of  our  heroes. 

It  might  also  be  of  interest,  that  beside  the  regular  roll  of  our 
Association  we  have  what  we  call  an  auxiliary  membership.  This 
is  made  up  of  friends  throughout  the  country  who  though  inter 
ested  in  the  work  we  are  doing,  and  wanting  to  aid  in  it,  are  not 
so  situated  as  to  have  regular  membership.  These  members  pay 
annually  into  our  treasury  a  stipulated  amount,  which  added  to 
dues  of  regular  members  creates  a  sufficient  fund  to  meet  the 
regular  necessary  outlay  of  the  Association. 

We  have  regarded  it  a  duty  and  pleasure  as  well  to  respond 
to  every  call  made  upon  us  in  the  line  of  Confederate  Memorial 
work.  Among  the  calls  to  which  we  have  responded,  I  recall  a 
donation  to  the  Battle  Abbey  at  Richmond  and  a  contribution  to 
the  fund  for  the  erection  of  the  Winnie  Davis  monument.  We 
have  aided  and  will  continue  to  aid  in  raising  funds  for  the 
Jefferson  Davis  monument.  To  aid  in  the  erection  of  this 
monument  should  be  considered  a  privilege  by  every  Southern 
man  or  woman.  In  building  it  we  build  a  monument  to  the 

—  69  — 


cause  of  which  he  was  the  living  manifestation — and  to  which 
he  was  a  martyr. 

We  have  ever  delighted  to  honor  the  living,  as  well  as  the 
dead  heroes  of  the  Confederacy — the  presentation  of  a  handsome 
silk  Battle  Flag  to  Pat  Cleburne  Camp  U.  C.  V.  being  one  of 
the  latest  evidences  of  our  appreciation  and  esteem. 

We  take  great  pride  in  the  fact  that  the  Confederation  of 
Memorial  Associations  which  is  such  a  source  of  strength  and 
mutual  encouragement  to  the  women  of  the  South  in  their 
memorial  work,  emanated  from  this  Fayetteville  Memorial  Asso 
ciation.  The  idea  had  birth  in  the  mind  of  Miss  Julia  A.  Gar- 
side,  one  of  our  most  useful  members.  Pushing  the  Confederation 
to  its  organization  was  the  work  of  Mrs.  J.  D.  Walker  and  Miss 
Sue  H.  Walker,  both  of  whom  are  pillars  of  strength  in  our 
local  organization. 

This  is  in  substance  the  work  that  has  been  done.  Many 
items  have  been  omitted.  Much  of  it  has  but  a  local  interest, 
but  it  is  the  history  of  the  Fayetteville  Association.  How  this 
work  has  been  done  is  a  tale  that  can  never  be  told.  The  days  of 
work  and  waiting;  the  hours  of  hope  against  fear;  the  careful 
hoarding;  the  anxious  counting;  the  friendships  that  have  been 
closer  knit  in  these  trying,  yet  sweet  associations,  can  never  all 
be  formulated.  These  are  pictures  that  tongue  nor  pen  can 
paint — minor  notes  that  can  not  be  gathered  into  song. 

LIZZIE  POLLARD, 

President. 


MRS.  LIZZIE  POLLARD, 

President  Southern  Memorial  Association, 

Fayetteville,  Arkansas. 


FLORIDA 


CONFEDERATE  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
PENSACOLA,  FLORIDA. 

General,  and  afterwards  Governor  E.  A.  Perry,  was  the  first 
to  call  the  attention  of  his  comrades  in  arms  and  fellow-citizens 
to  the  fact  that  Escambia  County  was  one  of  the  few  Counties  of 
the  State  which  had  not  erected  some  memorial  to  its  "  un- 
•crowned  heroes  "  in  the  civil  war. 

In  an  appeal  published  in  June,  1881,  and  republished  April 
22nd,  1890,  by  the  late  Senator  Chipley,  General  Perry  also 
-emphasized  the  further  fact,  "that  Florida  alone  of  all  the 
States  had  neglected  to  raise  a  monument  to  those  who,  in 
obedience  to  her  mandate,  gave  up  their  lives  in  the  late  war."  In 
response  to  their  appeal  about  $3,005.00  were  raised  for  a 
memorial,  which  was  designed  to  be  located  in  Tallahassee,  and 
to  be  the  State's  testimonial  of  remembrance  to  her  dead 
soldiers.  The  time  covered  in  raising  this  sum  was  nine  years. 

The  death  of  General  Perry  seemed  to  bring  the  movement  to 
a  standstill,  until  April  22nd,  1890,  Colonel  Chipley  published 
a  very  admirable  and  important  letter,  with  Gov.  Perry's  appeal 
appended.  The  letter  began :  "  It  is  well  known  that  the  fund 
in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Perry  was  received  entirely  through  the 
•efforts  of  our  lamented  Governor  and  his  patriotic  wife ; "  the 
closing  paragraphs  of  this  same  letter  are  as  follows :  "  While  the 
monument  will  be  to  f  our  dead '  I  would  suggest  that  the  ladies 
be  directed  to  provide  a  special  slab  to  the  memory  of  General 
Perry.  What  do  you  say,  comrades  ?  Please  write  me  ( yes '  or 
'no/  His  labor  made  the  monument  possible,  and  I  will  add 
his  appeal  made  in  June,  1881."  The  contents  of  this  letter 
are  (1)  Mrs.  Perry's  desire  to  be  relieved  of  the  care  of  the  fund, 
(2)  the  fact  that  all  of  the  fund,  save  $87.00,  had  been  sub 
scribed  in  Escambia  County,  (3)  the  suggestion  that  Mrs.  Perry 
be  asked,  "not  to  relinquish  the  fund,  but  to  associate  with 

—  71  — 


herself,  if  she  desires  them  to  assist  in  the  labor,  four  other 
ladies,  whom  she  may  select,  and  that  they  be  requested  to 
secure  plans  for  a  granite  pile,  more  enduring  than  marble,  of  a 
final  cost  of  not  exceeding  $7,500.00,  that  the  work  be  com 
menced  at  once  in  the  center  of  E.  E.  Lee  Square,  in  front  of 
Public  School  No.  1,  when  coming  generations  will  learn,  with 
their  daily  lessons,  to  honor  our  beloved  dead.  The  completion 
of  the  monument  will  be  a  charge  upon  the  survivors  and  the 
ladies." 

Here,  then,  were  living  and  feasible  suggestions,  from  a  brave 
Confederate  soldier,  who  believed  that  the  only  way  to  do  things 
was  to  do  them.  Colonel  Chipley's  innate  generosit}?'  and  fairness 
ascribed  the  "possibility  "  of  the  monument  to  Gen.  Perry,  yet, 
beyond  all  question,  he  made  the  Governor's  possibility  a  memo 
rable  and  lasting  reality.  The  shaft  in  Lee  Square  can  never  be 
less  of  a  monument  to  Senator  Chipley's  constant  endeavor  and 
patriotism  than  to  those  whose  names  are  written  thereon,  and 
that  larger  nameless  group,  whose  only  record  is  the  blood 
stained  sands  of  this  our  once  Confederate  Southland. 

Honor  to  whom  honor  £s  due,  while  no  cavilling  tongue,  in 
view  of  this  brief  history,  can  fail  to  accord  to  W.  D.  Chipley 
that  meed  of  praise  which  was  his  legitimate  due  when  living, 
and  is  now  his  more  than  right,  as  he  sleeps  in  his  native  Georgia 
with  immortal  comrades  and  long-loved  ancestors.  This  letter 
was  the  virtual  beginning  of  the  association,  whose  definite  trans 
actions  we  now  proceed  to  detail. 

A  meeting  of  ladies  was  held  on  the  15th  of  August,  1890,  at 
which  "  The  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association "  was 
formed.  At  this  meeting  the  following  directors  were  elected: 
Mrs.  A.  S.  Mallory,  Mrs.  Geo.  Keese,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Wittich,  Mrs. 
W.  D.  Chipley,  Mrs.  Levy,  Miss  Mary  Brent,  Miss  Mary  Turner, 
Miss  Annie  Maura,  Miss  Mollie  Tippin,  Mrs.  Jno.  McGuire, 
Mrs.  Laura  Thornton,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Knowles,  Mrs.  I.  H.  Reynolds, 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Ross,  Miss  Laura  Wright,  Miss  S.  Simpson,  Miss 
Sallie  Bear,  Miss  Lucille  Mitchell. 

From  these  directors,  the  following  officers  were  elected: 
President,  Mrs.  A.  S.  Mallory;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Chip- 
ley;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Annie  McGuire;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Laura 
Thornton. 

Upon  the  death  of  Mrs.  Mallory,  Mrs.  Chipley  became  Presi- 

—  72  — 


W-  D.  CHIPLEV,  ' 
Organizer  of  Memorial  Association, 
Pensacola,  Florida. 


dent,  and  Miss  Mattie  Ross  succeeded  Mrs.  McGuire  as  Secre 
tary,,  upon  the  latter's  resignation. 

After  advertising  for  bids,  the  Association,  at  an  adjourned 
meeting,  held  November  5th,  1890,  closed  the  contract  with  J. 
F.  Manning,  of  Washington  City,  for  a  monument  of  Richmond, 
Virginia,  granite. 

The  structure  to  be  a  little  under  50  feet  high,  surmounted 
by  a  soldier  8  feet  6  inches  high.  The  site  selected  was  the  center 
of  R.  E.  Lee  Square,  as  suggested  by  Colonel  Chipley. 

The  shaft  of  the  monument  rests  upon  a  truncated  pryamid, 
whose  four  faces  are  respectively  inscribed  in  memory  of  Jef 
ferson  Davis,  Stephen  R.  Mallory,  the  Confederate  Dead  and 
E.  A.  Perry. 

The  inscriptions  are: 

"A.  D.  1861  A.  D.  1865. 

THE 
UNCROWNED  HEROES 

OF  THE 
SOUTHERN  CONFEDERACY 

WHOSE    JOY    IT    WAS    TO    SUFFER    AND   DIE    FOR   A   CAUSE   THEY    BELIEVED    TO 

BE    JUST.      THEIR    UNCHALLENGED    DEVOTION    AND    MATCHLESS    HEROISM 

SHALL  CONTINUE  TO  BE  THE  WONDER  AND  INSPIRATION  OF  THE  AGES/' 

This  inscription  will  tell  the  story  to  unborn  generations.  It 
will  be  inscribed  on  the  south  face  of  the  die  base  of  the  monu 
ment,  on  the  lower  base  of  which  will  be  the  words,  in  large 
raised  letters: 

"OUR  CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 

JEFFERSON  DAVIS 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE 

CONFEDERATE  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

SOLDIER,      STATESMAN,      PATRIOT,     CHRISTIAN.        THE     ONLY      MAN      IN     OUR 

NATION    WITHOUT   A   COUNTRY,   YET   TWENTY    MILLION    PEOPLE   MOURN 

HIS  DEATH/' 

"EDWARD    AYLESWORTH    PERRY 

CAPTAIN     OF     THE     PENSACOLA     RIFLES,     COLONEL    OF     THE     SECOND     FLORIDA 

REGIMENT,    GENERAL    OF    THE    FLORIDA    BRIGADE    IN    THE    ARMY    OF 

NORTHERN  VIRGINIA." 

"  Among  the  first  to  volunteer  in  defense  of  his  adopted 
State,  faithful  in  every  position  to  which  his  merit  advanced 
him,  his  life  and  deeds  constitute  his  best  monument." 

—  73  — 


STEPHEN  R.  MALLORY 
SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY 

OF  THE 

CONFEDERATE  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
"'TIS  NOT  IN  MORTALS  TO  COMMAND  SUCCESS;  BUT  WE'LL  DO  MORE, 
SEMPRONIUS,  WE'LL  DESERVE  IT." 

This  we  may  remark,  in  passing,  was  the  first  monument 
wholly  or  in  part  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  Confederate 
President. 

"  The  statue  on  the  monument  is  the  reproduction  of  the 
bronze  figure  erected  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  which  was  modelled 
from  the  painting  belonging  to  the  State  of  Virginia,  and  hung 
in  the  Capitol  at  Eichmond,  that  represents  a  Confederate 
Soldier  of  1865.  It  is  regarded  as  the  finest  representation  ever 
made." 

On  the  17th  of  June,  1891,  the  completed  monument  was 
dedicated  with  appropriate  and  elaborate  ceremonies. 

Camp  Ward  of  Confederate  Veterans  has  rendered  efficient 
help  in  every  effort  of  the  Association.  To  these  veterans  the 
monument  ever  tells  the  story  of  their  own  patriotism,  and 
vividly  recalls  scenes  of  blood  and  battle,  of  victory  and  defeat. 

A  generation  has  come  to  the  front  since  Appomattox  unfolded 
its  pall  of  gloom,  and  yet  to-day  tender  hands  and  loving  hearts 
are  decking  in  reminiscent,  fadeless  beauty  the  heroic  devotion 
of  their  beloved  heroes,  sleeping  in  the  .bivouac  of  the  Southern 
dead,  the  victors  in  defeat  from  '61  to  '65. 

Woman's  hand  and  heart  and  deathless  love  have  reared  this 
object  lesson  in  stone  for  their  children,  who,  when  they  them 
selves  shall  sleep  beside  their  sainted  heroes,  shall  "  Arise  up 
and  call  them  blessed." 

The  orators  on  Memorial  Day  for  the  several  years  have  been : 
At  the  laying  of  the  Corner  Stone  in  April,  1891,  Gov.  F.  P. 
Fleming  was  the  orator.  1891,  at  the  unveiling,  E.  W.  Davis; 
1892,  Hunt  Chipley,  Col.  Chipley's  son;  1893,  Jno.  S.  Beard; 
1894,  C.  H.  Laney;  1895,  Jno.  D.  Little,  of  Columbus,  G-a.; 
1896,  Judge  A.  C.  Blount;  1897,  Judge  Blount  read  Col.  Chip- 
ley's  paper  on  the  origin  of  Decoration  Day;  1898,  C.  B.  Park- 
hill;  1899,  Judge  B.  F.  Liddon;  1900,  Gen.  E.  M.  Law;  1901, 
Jno.  W.  A.  Sanford,  of  Montgomery,  Alabama. 

—  74  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT,*    --  ^ 

Unveiled  1891. 
Pensacola,  Florida. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION", 
QUINCY,  FLORIDA. 

When  the  Southern  States  seceded  from  the  United  States- 
of  America,  Florida  was  among  the  number.  In  April,  1861, 
the  Southern  Confederacy  with  its  Capital  City  in  Montgomery, 
Ala.,  'called  for  troops.  A  company  of  the  most  representative 
young  men  organized  what  was  called  the  Young  Guards  of 
Quincy,  Fla. 

The  first  week  in  May,  1861,  a  meeting  was  called  by  the  ladies 
of  Quincy,  Florida,  to  organize  an  association  for  the  aid  of  the 
soldiers  who  were  enlisting  in  the  Confederate  Army.  On 
Tuesday  morning  at  ten  o'clock  the  meeting  was  called  to  order 
at  the  home  of  Judge  Pleasant  Woodson  White;  Mrs.  P.  W. 
White  was  elected  President;  Mrs.  Arthur  Forman,  First  Vice 
President;  Mrs.  Anderson  Harris,  Second  Vice  President;  Mrs. 
Ezra  Ballou,  Third  Vice  President;  Miss  Mary  McNeil,  Secre 
tary  and  Treasurer. 

Goods  were  purchased,  work  begun.  "  The  Ladies'  Aid  So 
ciety  "  then  received  its  name.  Regular  meetings  w^ere  held 
every  Tuesday  morning  and  called  meetings  whenever  necessary. 
The  last  week  in  May,  1861,  a  box  was  forwarded  to  the  Young 
Guards  at  Pensacola,  Florida,  at  which  point  the  First  Regiment 
of  Florida  Volunteers  was  then  stationed.  During  the  summer 
of  1861  two  other  Companies  were  organized,  Company  C.  6th 
Florida  Regiment  in  June,  Captain  James  Evans,  1st  Lieut.; 
Wm.  B.  Malone,  2nd.  Lieut.,  Dr.  Win.  Booth  Forman. 

The  Ladies'  Aid  Society  worked  indefatigably,  cutting  gar 
ments,  rolling  bandages,  and  superintending  weaving  cloth  for 
garments  on  the  plantation,  knitting  socks — the  latter  by  moon 
light,  when  an  urgent  call  was  made  for  them,  as  lights  were 
very  scarce.  In  November,  1863,  Gen.  Howell  Cobb  was  ordered 
to  Southern  Georgia  and  Florida,  making  his  Headquarters 
in  Quincy,  Gadsden  County,  Florida.  Major  John  Cobb,  Major 
Thomas,  Captain  Pope,  Captain  Howell  Cobb,  Colonel  James 
Barrow  and  others  composed  General  Cobb's  staff 

About  this  time  Col.  Holland's  Florida  Brigade  was  ordered 
east,  passing  through  Quincy,  many  ill  with  fever  and  in  a 
starving  condition.  The  ladies  rushed  to  the  aid  of  these  poor 
suffering  soldiers.  The  Court  House,  Quincy  High  School,  the 

—  75  — 


Episcopal  Church,  and  Academy,  a  very  large  building,  were 
hastily  prepared  as  hospitals.  Even  then  these  were  inadequate 
and  other  houses  were  used  for  their  comfort.  Day  and  night 
these  noble  women  toiled  to  care  for  their  brave  defenders.  A 
cemetery  lot  had  been  selected  early  in  the  commencement  of 
the  war,  and  the  muffled  drum  and  the  firing  of  platoons 
over  the  graves,  were  heard  daily.  Flowers  and  dainties 
of  the  best  that  could  be  had  were  served  to  the  poor 
sufferers  by  the  ladies  themselves,  who  deemed  it  a  blessed 
privilege  to  soothe  as  much  as  possible  the  hardships  of  the  he 
roes  of  this  terrible  war.  Decorating  the  soldiers'  graves  annually 
commenced  so  far  'back  in  Quincy  that  its  origin  has  no  fixed 
date.  Then  came  the  Battle  of  Olustee,  or  Ocean  Pond,  Feb 
ruary  20iih,  1865,  near  Jacksonville,  Florida,  and  again  were  the 
soldiers  wounded  or  dead  brought  to  Quincy  to  be  cared  for. 
Col.  James  Barrow  was  shot  through  the  heart,  his  remains  were 
taken  to  Headquarters  in  Quincy,  and  lay  in  state  before  being 
taken  to  his  home  in  Georgia.  Next  came  the  Battle  of  Natural 
Bridge,  near  New  Port,  thirty  miles  from  Tallahassee.  The 
home  guards  of  old  men  were  called  out,  and  engaged  in  battle 
and  the  remaining  inhabitants  could  distinctly  hear  the  booming 
of  the  cannon  March  6th,  1865.  The  enemy  met  with  stubborn 
resistance,  were  defeated,  put  to  flight,  and  retreated  in  disorder 
to  their  fleet,  which  was  anchored  in  or  near  the  "  Spanish 
Hole"  below  St.  Marks.  By  this  time  Gen.  Lee  surrendered, 
April  9th,  1865,  and  what  was  left  of  the  old  South  gathered 
herself  together  with  the  remnant  that  was  left  of  loved  ones, 
and  shattered  fortunes.  The  Ladies'  Aid  Society  went  regu 
larly  annually  to  the  Soldiers'  Cemetery,  east  of  the  town  of 
Quincy,  kept  a  strict  guard  over  these  graves.  Dr.  Charles  A. 
Hentz  and  Capt.  C.  E.  L.  Allison,  who  had  lost  his  right  arm  in 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  September  19-20,  1863,  found  the 
names  of  all  the  soldiers  who  were  buried  in  the  Soldiers'  Ceme 
tery  on  the  records  of  the  court  house  of  Quincy,  and  the  ladies 
had  wooden  marking  stones  placed  over  their  graves.  In  1868 
Mrs.  Pleasant  Woodson  White,  who  had  done  so  much  noble  and 
self-sacrificing  work  with  the  help  of  her  many  friends,  declined 
nomination  for  re-election.  Mrs.  E.  H.  M.  Davidson  was  elected 
President,  Mrs.  Elisha  P.  Dismukes,  First  Vice  President;  Mrs. 
-John  Lawrence,  Second  Vice  President;  Mrs.  Broome,  Third 

—  76  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT. 

Unveiled  1884. 
Quincy,  Florida. 


Tice  President.     Mrs.  Arthur  Forman  (Mary  Ann  Booth),,  the 

First  Vice^President  of  the  Ladies'  Aid  Association  from  its  be 
ginning,  whose  work  for  the  noble  cause  knew  no  bounds,  and 
whose  only  son  was  seriously  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  read  a 
letter  in  the  Columbus  (Ga.)  Times,  written  in  1866  by  Mrs. 
Charles  L.  Williams,  and  was  so  pleased  with  the  beauty  and 
appropriateness  of  it  that  she  read  it  to  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society, 
and  urged  that  the  26th  of  April  be  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of 
the  Ladies'  Aid  Society-  and  that  hereafter  this  day  be  set  apart 
as  Memorial  Day,  as  the  flowers  were  then  plentiful  and  in  full 
bloom.  The  26th  of  April  was  then  adopted,  and  has  been  since 
recognized  as  Memorial  Day. 

Extract  from  a  letter  written  to  Mrs.  Elisha  P  Dismukes  by 
Mrs.  James  G.  Gibbes,  respecting  The  Ladies'  Confederate 
Memorial  Association.  "  I  was  elected  President  in  1870,  al 
though  the  day  was  regularly  observed  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Ladies'  Aid  Society  by  the  entire  community  who  always 
took  part  from  the  burial  of  the  first  soldiers,  until  a  permanent 
reorganization  was  effected  about  the  1st  of  April  (as  the  annual 
election  for  officers  then  took  place),  I  am  of  the  same  opinion 
as  yourself  that  we  begun  early  in  the  war,  and  the  patriotic 
influences  never  waned.  Captain  Charles  E.  L.  Allison  was  al 
ways  interested  and  one  of  the  foremost  in  every  work  and  cele 
bration." 

EXTRACTS      FROM      RECORDS      OF      MEMORIAL      ASSOCIATION"      FOR 

QUINCY,    GADSDEN"    COUNTY,    FLORIDA,   AS    REPORTED   BY   MISS 

REBECCA    WHITE,    RECORDING    SECRETARY. 

"  In  the  absence  of  the  President,  Mrs.  James  G.  Gibbes, 
the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Mrs.  Elisha  P.  Dis 
mukes,  First  Vice-President.  The  first  business  being  the 
election  of  officers,  Mrs.  E.  P.  Dismukes  was  nominated, 
and  unanimously  elected  President  of  the  Association.  Mrs. 
John  Lawrence,  Mrs.  James  Broome,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Wilson, 
Miss  Eva  Mitchell,  were  elected  Vice-Presidents.  Mrs. 
Gibbes  has  moved  to  Columbus,  S.  C.  Miss  Ermin  Malone  was 
elected  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Association,  Miss 
Eebecca  White  was  re-elected  Eecording  Secretary,  Mrs.  E. 
G.  Harris  was  elected  Treasurer.  The  following  committee  was 
appointed  to  see  that  the  grounds  of  the  soldiers'  cemetery  were 
In  order  before  the  26th  of  April:  Mrs.  Mitchell,  Mrs.  Keep, 

—  77  — 


Mrs.  Lawrence,  Miss  Lillie  Woodruff,  Miss  Mattie  Burghard' 
and  Miss  Minnie  White.  After  a  brief  discussion  as  to  the- 
choice  of  days  between  Saturday  the  25th  and  Sunday  26th, 
for  the  observing  of  Memorial  Day,  it  was  decided  that  for 
many  reasons  Saturday  the  25th,  would  be  best,  so  on  voting 
that  day  was  chosen. 

Mrs.  Bridges,  Mrs.  Sibley,  Miss  Eebecca  White  were  appointed 
a  committee  to  call  upon  Mr.  Broome  and  request  for  the  Ladies 
of  the  Memorial  Association,  that  he  secure  an  orator  for  Me 
morial  Day.  The  members  of  the  Association  are  cordially 
invited  to  meet  at  the  residence  of  Judge  P.  W.  White  at  5  p.  m., 
17th  April,  to  arrange  a  program,  etc.,  for  the  25th.  The  Presi 
dent  earnestly  hopes  that  the  ladies  will  all  respond  and  attend 
the  meeting.  After  an  informal  discussion  regarding  needed 
repairs  and  the  best  method  of  meeting  expenses  of  said  repairs,, 
and  the  buying  of  small  marble  or  granite  slabs  to  mark  each 
grave,  it  was  thought  best  to  ^continue  the  discussion  at  the  next: 
meeting.  There  being  no  further  business,  the  meeting  was  ad 
journed  to  meet  in  two  weeks  at  the  home  of  Judge  White." 

When  Mrs.  James  G-.  Gibbes  moved  to  Columbus  about  1889,, 
Mrs.  Elisha  P.  Dismukes  was  elected  to  the  Presidency.  Mrs. 
Dismukes  left  Quincy  in  1892  for  Columbus,  Georgia,  where  she 
has  since  resided  and  Mrs.  John  Lawrence  was  then  elected 
President  of  the  Memorial  Association,  and  remained  so  until 
1900  when  she  resigned  and  Mrs.  Frank  May  was  made  Presi 
dent.  Miss  Rebecca  White  has  been  Recording  Secretary  for 
years. 

The  Memorial  Association  is  a  distinct  body  from  the  Daugh 
ters  of  the  Confederacy. 

Members  of  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association  as 
organized  from  the  Ladies  Aid  Society  in  April  1868,  to  the 
present  time :  Mesdames  Arthur  Forman,  Telf air,  Sarah  Mc 
Neil,  Harrison,  Judge  Dupont,  Wm.  Stockton,  P.  W.  White, 
Samuel  Stephen,  Ballou,  Dr.  Fayette  Henry,  I.  R.  Harris,  An 
derson  Harris,  R.  H.  M.  Davidson,  James  G.  Gibbes,  A.  K. 
Allison,  Wm.  Munroe,  S.  Lunday,  T.  Givens,  Hamilton  Wright, 
John  Jordan,  Henry  Love,  E.  P.  Dismukes,  Chas.  DuPont,  John 
Malone,  W.  B.  Malone,  J.  J.  R.  Love,  1ST.  P.  Quarterman,  E.  C. 
Love,  Henry  Curtis,  F.  Sharon,  John  Lawrence,  Geo.  Zeigler,, 
John  L.  Dismukes,  Geo.  Dismukes,  W.  W.  Wilson,  John  Howard, 
Owens,  A.  L.  Wilson,  F.  P.  May,  James  Broome,  R.  G.  Harris., 

—  78  — 


IP        -^^ 


GEN.  E.  A.  PERRY,  J' 

Pensacola,   Florida. 


Edward  Jordan,  J.  E.  Davidson,  Geo.  Munroe,  C.  S.  Curtis,, 
James  Harris  and  J.  L.  McFarlin ;  Misses  Annie  Malone,  Ermine 
Malone,  Eebecca  White,  Minnie  White,  Fannie  Stephens  and 
F.  F.  Malone. 

Mrs.  Gibbes,  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Ladies' 
Memorial  Association  with  the  ladies  of  the  society,  by  indom 
itable  labor  and  perseverance,  entertainments,  private  subscrip 
tions,  etc.,  raised  money  sufficient  to  erect  a  very  beautiful 
monument  which  is  in  the  court  house  square  in  the  town  of 
Quincy.  When  Mrs.  Gibbes  moved  to  Columbia,  South  Caro 
lina,  Mrs.  Elisha  P.  Dismukes  was  elected  President.  Mrs.  John 
Lawrence  succeeded  Mrs.  E.  P.  Dismukes,  and  proved  a  most 
active  and  efficient  President  for  she  undertook  and  completed 
the  putting  up  of  a  neat  fence  around  the  soldiers  cemetery,  cost 
ing  over  $1,200.00. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Quincy,  Florida,  is  en 
gaged  also  in  historical  work,  and  is  striving  to  secure  the  name 
of  every  soldier  who  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army  from  that 
city.  By  persistent  and  repeated  efforts  they  have  succeeded 
in  procuring  the  following  roster  of  Company  G,  Young  Guards, 
C.  S.  A.  This  command  was  in  Pensacola  during  the  first  year 
of  the  war: 

MUSTER  KOLL  OF  THE  "  YOUNG  GUARDS/'  EEORGANIZED. 

From  Quincy  Semi-Weekly  Dispatch  of  May  26,  1862. 

This  Company,  Capt.  E.  A.  Waller,  has  filled  up  its  ranks  to 
all  the  law  allows — 125  men.  Several  applications  to  join  it, 
we  are  informed,  have  been  necessarily  refused,  because  full. 

Below  we  publish  a  full  roll  of  its  members.  We  can  not 
help  remarking  the  manly  and  genteel  appearance  of  the  Com 
pany.  We  look  to  it  with  pride: 

Company  G.  Young  Guards,  left  Quincy  on  April  4,  1861; 
John  H.  Gee,  Captain;  W.  M.  Davidson,  1st  Lieutenant;  W. 
W.  Wilson,  2nd  Lieutenant;  A.  W.  Wilson,  3rd  Lieutenant;  E. 
C.  Booth,  Surgeon.  Orderly  Sergeant,  L.  E.  Westcott;  Second 
Sergeant,  W.  1ST.  Mitchell;  3rd  Sergeant,  E.  P.  Dismukes;  4th 
Sergeant,  J.  W.  Malone.  A.  D.  Love,  1st  Corporal;  J.  J.  E. 
Love,  2nd  Corporal;  C.  D.  Towers,  3rd  Corporal;  N.  H.  Zeigler, 
4th  Corporal.  G.  W.  Austin,  J.  P.  Bracewell,  Hector  Bruce, 

—  79  — 


S.  K.  Ceasseaux,  Jac'n.  Dearborn,  C.  W.  DuPont,  Nixon  El 
liott,  C.  C.  G-unn,  John  Holloman,  A.  B.  Love,  T.  R.  Love, 
Wm.  McElvy,  Philip  Macray,  B.  H.  Munroe,  A.  M.  Nathans, 
E.  M.  Owens,  D.  A.  Shaw,  Gabriel  Smith,  T.  Y.  Smith,  J.  J. 
Subers,  T.  P.  Thomas,  W.  H.  Wade,  G.  B.  Zeigler,  Wesley 
Black,  W.  J.  Brown,  John  Burghard,  W.  G.  Cook,  Jesse  Dixon, 
J.  H.  DuPont,  R.  C.  Gee,  S.  H.  Harris,  Henni  Keoppen,  Henry 
Love,  Chalmers  McCall,  A.  K.  Mclver,  Colin  McPherson,  C.  H. 
Muse,  B.  Newton,  R,  H.  Randolph,  R,  G.  Shaw,  T.  F.  Smith, 
W.  T.  Stockton,  Jr.,  Jas.  Sylvester,  Artemas  Tooten,  J.  C.  West. 

Many  Confederate  soldiers  from  Quincy,  Florida,  enlisted  in 
cavalry  and  artillery  companies.  This  is  a  partial  list;  there 
were  many  others  whose  names  could  not  <be  obtained.  Cavalry 
—Judge  (Captain)  Woodson  P.  White,  Joseph  DuPont,  Charles 
DuPont,  William  Munroe,  Thos.  F.  Munroe,  Charles  Muse, 
Jesse  Booth,  Porter  Scott,  Theo.  Hudnall,  Andy  Hudnall,  and 
Henry  Sylvester.  Artillery — George  Dismukes,,  John  F.  Dis- 
mukes,  Lycurgus  Brown,  James  Sylvester,  Thomas  Y.  Smith, 
and  many  others. 

Home  Guards — Captain  Charles  DuPont,  Madison  Wilson, 
William  Munroe,  Samuel  B.  Stephens,  Ralph  Durr,  Arthur  J. 
Forman,  Abraham  K.  Allison,  Hudson  Muse,  Nathaniel  Zeigler, 
John  Mathewison,  Thomas  Y.  Henry,  David  Wilson,  and  many 
others. 

Muster  Roll  of  the  Young  Guards  of  Quincy,  Florida,  reor 
ganized  in  May,  1862,  Company  B.,  Eighth  Florida  Ragiment: 
Captain,  R.  E.  Waller,  killed  at  Sharpsburg,  17th  September, 
1862;  First  Lieutenant:,  T.  R.  Love,  promoted  to  Captain, 
wounded  at  Gettysburg,  died  in  hospital;  Second  Lieutenant, 
J.  W.  Booth,  resigned;  Third  Lieutenant,  T.  W.  Brown,  re 
signed;  First  Sergeant,  L.  R,  Wescott,  killed  at  Sharpsburg; 
Second  Sergeant,  E.  P.  Dismukes,  elected  Lieutenant  of  Com 
pany  F,  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  Gettysburg;  Third  Ser 
geant,  J.  S.  Barineau,  killed  in  battle;  Fourth  Sergeant,  J.  W. 
Malone,  elected  Lieutenant,  Company  I,  wounded  and  taken  pris 
oner  at  Gettysburg;  Fifth  Sergeant,  H.  H.  Ingram;  First  Cor 
poral,  J.  J.  R.  Love;  Second  Corporal,  John  E.  Luten;  Third 
Corporal,  W.  C.  Morris;  Fourth  Corporal,  T.  W.  Harper;  Mu 
sician,  Benj.  E.  Russell;  Andrews,  W.,  wounded  at  Chancellors- 
ville;  Arline,  A.  R, ;  Barineaux,  W.  R.,  elected  Lieutenant, 
killed  in  battle;  Barineaux,  J.  E.;  Barfield,  Levi;  Blan,  C. ; 
Blount,  Neil;  Boutwell,  J.  D.;  Boyd,  William;  Bracewell,  J. 
S. ;  Bradshaw,  J.  J. ;  Bradshaw,  J.  M. ;  Bradshaw,  S.  J. ;  Brad- 
well,  A.  M.;  Brock,  J.  A.;  Brock,  Abraham;  Bruce,  Hector, 

—  80  — 


HON.  A.  E.  MAXWELL, 

One  of  the  Surviving  Members  of  the  Confederate  Congress, 
Pensacola,  Florida. 


elected  Captain  of  Company  B,  wounded  and  taken  prisoner 
at   Gettysburg;    Campbell,   M.    M. ;    Castello,   John,   wounded; 
Chason,      Johnathon;      Chester,      D.      H. ;      Collins,      Benja 
min,   wounded   at   Manassas,   second   battle;    Connell,   J.   W. ; 
Connell,  T.  F. ;  Cowen,  W.  W. ;  Cox,  J.  P. ;  Cox,  J.  H. ;  Cox, 
Simon;  Cox,  William  G. ;  Davis,  T.  P.;  Dickson,  William;  Dol 
lar,   Francis;  Dollar,  James;  Dollar,  William;  Donaldson,  J. 
B.;  Dudley,  H.;  Dudley,  Ivan;  Freeman,  J.  W.;  Gaudy,  Theo- 
phelous;   Ganons,   Lemuel;   Ganons,   Mitchell;   Gibson,  B.   H., 
wounded  in  the  Wilderness  fight,  1864;  Goddin,  Thomas;  Gray, 
Thomas;  Green,  J.  E.,  killed  at  Hatcher's  Run;  Green,  W.  P., 
killed  at  Hatcher's  Eun;  Griffin,  J.  E,,  wounded  at  Sharpsburg 
and  Wilderness;  Griffin,  D.  E,;  Hall,  P.  W.;  Harrell,  Darius; 
Harrell,  Eli  as;  Harrell,  J.  J.;  Harrell,  John;  Harrell,  Little 
ton  ;  Harrell,  M.  P. ;  Hannah,  C. ;  Hannah.  H. ;  Ingram,  J.  M., 
wounded  at  Sharpsburg;  Ingram,  W.  J. ;  Jarvis,  J.  S. ;  John 
son,  J.  E.,  killed  at  Fredericksburg,  December,  1862;  Johnson, 
W.  W.;  Kemp,  J.  K.,  killed  at  Chancellorsville;  Lambert,  Ben 
jamin;   Lambert,   D.   L. ;   Lambert,   George;   Lambert,   Moses; 
Love,  A.  B.;  Love,  Alex  D.,  killed  at  Chancellorsville;  Love, 
Henry  Hv  wounded  in  battle;  Marshall,  J.  M. ;  MeCall,  Cham 
bers,  wounded  at  Sharpsburg ;  McDaniel,  E. ;  MeDougald,  John ; 
McElvy,  H.  L. ;  McGowin,  J.  A.;  McJenkins,  J.  A.;  McLaugh- 
lin,  James;  McPherson,  Collin;  Messer,  W.  D.,  killed  in  battle; 
Messer,  W.  F. ;  Morris,  T.  J. ;  Muir,  David ;  Nixon,  James ; 
Pickett,  Charles;  Prevott,  T.  E,;  Eandolph,  Eichard  H.,  Or 
dinance  Sergeant  for  regiment;  Eeid,  C.  S. ;  Reeves,  J.  M. ; 
Eoberts,  Jackson;  Roberts,  W.  G. ;  Shaw,  D.  A.;  Simpson,  J. 
P. ;  Smith,  A.  W. ;  Spingler,  John ;  Spooner,  William ;  Strange, 
B.  F. ;  Swicord,  S.  W. ;  Strickland,  James;  Sylvester,  James  H., 
wounded;   Taylor,    Green;   Thomas,   W.   T. ;   Walters,   J.   P.; 
Vinson,  Joseph;  Wilson,  D.   C. ;  Wilson,  W.,  elected  Lieuten 
ant  Company  K,  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  Gettysburg; 
Wimberly,  Ezekiel;  Woodberry,,  Samuel  C.,  Quartermaster  Ser 
geant  for  regiment;  Woodward,  Edward;  Wright,  B.  B. 

Muster  Roll,  Company  C,  Sixth  Florida  Eegiment  (Color 
Company)  ;  Civil  War/  1861  to  1865.  Commissioned  Of 
ficers. — James  C.  Evans,  Captain,  resigned,  ill  health;  Wm. 
Booth  Malone,  First  Lieutenant,  elected  Captain;  Dr.  Wm. 
Booth  Forman,  Second  Lieutenant,  elected  First  Lieutenant, 
wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn. ;  John  M.  Thomas,  Third  Lieu 
tenant,  elected  Second  Lieutenant.  Non-Commissioned  Officers 
— Alfred  Fitzgerald  Malone,  First  Sergeant,  Orderly,  elected 
Lieutenant,  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn.;  Gilmore  Kenedy, 
Second  Sergeant,  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn. ;  Francis  Smith, 
Third  Sergeant,  died;  A.  J.  Eawls,  Fourth  Sergeant,  killed  at 
Chickamauga,  Tenn.;  Benjamin  S.  G.  Smith,  Fifth  Sergeant. 
Corporals — Albert  S.  McBride,  First  Corporal;  Thomas  Pres- 

—  81  — 


ton  Jones,  Second  Corporal;  Thomas  G.  Brown,  Third  Cor 
poral,  wounded;  John  Boykin,  Fourth  Corporal.  Privates — 
J.  Albert,  died  in  service;  —  Austin,  died  in  service;  Leopold 
Adler,  killed  at  Chickamauga;  Lycurgus  Brown,  Benjamin 
Brown,  died  in  service;  Buck  Bowman,  —  Browning,  William 
Boykin,  died  in  service;  Harrison  Boykin,  died  in  service; 
John  Cameron,  killed  on  the  battlefield;  —  Cloud  died  in  ser 
vice;  Edward  Cowan,  died  in  service;  Thomas  Chosen,  Burrell 
Dalton,  died  in  service;  Dalton  Bailey,,  Wesley  Dean,  J.  Dykes, 
John  Dudley,  died  in  Kentucky  campaign;  Jesse  Daeley, 
Twiggs  Barley,  died  of  wounds;  Joseph  Burr,  Henry  Durr,  J. 
Dyer,  wounded  in  battle;  William  Davis,  —  Edenfield,  Jos. 
Edwards,  —  Fain,  died  in  service;  —  Ferrell,  killed 
at  Chickamauga;  Walker  Gee,  M.  M.  Gillis,  Sergeant, 
died  in  service;  Harry  Harris,  killed  in  Atlanta;  Chas. 
H.  Jones,  Joseph  Jeter,  wounded;  Dan  Johnson,  died 
in  Kentucky  campaign;  William  Johnson,  died  in  service; 
Henry  King,  Flavius  Kenedy,  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Septem 
ber  19th;  Kit  Kyle,  Benjamin  Kemp,  wounded  in  -battle;  Dr. 
Wm.  Love,  died  at  Knoxville  in  service;  Wm.  Laing,  John 
Mathews,  Sr.,  John  Mathews,  Jr.,  Marcus  Mathews,  died;  Al 
bert  Hudson  Muse,  killed  on  battlefield  at  Missionary  Eidge; 
John  Mercer  and  Asa  Miercer,  died  in  service;  David  Mills  and 
Septimus  Mills,  both  killed  in  battle;  William  Mclver,  mor 
tally  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn.;  John  Mclver,  J.  Mc- 
Dougald,  Tom  MeDougald,  killed  in  battle;  J.  M.  McDougald, 
killed  at  Dallas,  September  19,  1863;  Philip  McEae,  and  Dun 
can  McEae,  killed  at  Chickamauga;  Wm.  Mitchell,  J.  O'Neal, 
John  Pittman,  died;  LaFayette  Eeeves,  killed;  Eobert  Eoach, 
died;  Jasper  Eichards,  Newton  Eichards,  J.  Eowan,  Jake  Sat- 
ifer,  —  Spear,  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn.;  Eobert  Smith, 
John  Smart,  Thomas  Sealy,  died  in  service  in  Tennessee;  Wm. 
Sylvester,  died  in  prison;  John  Sadler,  Sr.,  John  Sadler,  Jr., 
both  died  in  service;  Wm.  Tharpe,  died  in  prison;  Amos  Tu- 
ten,  killed  at  Chickamauga,  Tenn. ;  A.  J.  Truluck,  died ;  John 
Whaley,  killed  at  Chickamauga;  Thomas  Whaley,  killed  at 
Chickamauga;  Eobert  Witherspoon,  A.  J.  Yates,  B.  S.  Smith. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  E.  H.  Ml  Davidson,  Captain  Joseph  Da 
vidson  (Quartermaster),  Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  J.  Stock 
ton,  of  the  Sixth  Florida  Eegiment,  were  wounded  at  Dallas, 
Georgia,  May  28th,  1864.  Colonel  Daniel  L.  Keenan,  of  the 
Sixth  Florida  Eegiment,,  was  wounded  at  Bentonville,  1ST.  C., 
in  1865.  This  list  of  casualities  is  not  complete. 

Compiled  by  Mrs.  Elisha  P.  Dismukes,  now  residing  in  Co 
lumbus,  Ga.  In  this  work  she  was  assisted  by  Miss  Eebecca 
White,  of  Quincy,  Florida. 


—  82  — 


HON.  STEPHEN  R.  MALLORY, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Confederate  States  of  America. 

Pensacola,  Florida. 


GEORGIA 


MRS.  F.  A.  TIMBERLAKE, 

Vice-President   Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
Augusta,  Georgia. 

Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake,  who  was  Mrs.  Mildred  Eve  Walton, 
at  the  time  she  was  made  President  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  As 
sociation  of  Augusta,,  in  March,  1873,  held  that  office  continu 
ously  for  twenty-seven  years. 

During  the  war  she  was  an  active  member  of  the  Ladies'  Re 
lief  and  Hospital  Association,  and  in  the  home  of  her  father, 
Dr.  Joseph  A.  Eve,  had  full  opportunity  of  seeing  and  caring 
for  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  of  the  Confederacy.  This 
hospitable  home  never  turned  away  any  of  the  needy  ones  of 
the  Great  Cause,  and  its  charitable  household  continually  and 
cheerfully  ministered  to  their  necessities. 

Mrs.  Timberlake  daily  visited  the  hospitals  and  carried  deli 
cacies  to  the  sick  soldiers,  among  whom  were  some  Federal  pris 
oners,  who  shared  equally  these  conforts.  Owing  to  the  great 
interest  taken  by  Mrs.  Timberlake  in  these  soldiers  the  pro 
ceeds  of  a  fair  in  Aiken,  S.  C.,  was  sent  to  her  for  disbursement. 
One  day,  returning  from  a  visit  there,  accompanied  by  the  chap 
lain,  Rev.  W.  J.  Hard,  to  their  great  surprise  and  sorrow,  they 
met  the  solemn  procession,  headed  by  our  beloved  President  of 
the  Confederacy,  Jefferson  Davis,  a  captive.  A  mounted  Fed 
eral  guard  attended  him.  The  sidewalks  were  crowded  with  cit 
izens  with  bared  heads  and  sad  faces.  Mr.  Davis  manifested 
his  appreciation  of  their  presence  and  sympathy  by  continuing 
to  bow  to  all  as  he  rode  by.  It  was  one  of  the  most  touching 
scenes  imaginable.  He  was  carried  temporarily  to  the  Rich 
mond  Academy,  which  was  the  Federal  headquarters  at  that 
time,  the  building  already  historic  from  its  association  vwith 
President  Washington,  who  visited  it  when  in  Augusta  in  1791, 
and  presented  one  of  the  students  with  a  prize  for  declamation. 

—  83  — 


During  Mr.  Davis'  imprisonment,  his  wife  and  infant  daugh 
ter,  Winnie,  were  for  some  time  the  guests  of  Hon.  George 
Schley  and  family,  living  a  few  miles  from  Augusta,  who  were 
relatives  of  Mrs.  Timberlake,  and  she  enjoyed  most  pleasant 
intercourse  with  them.  After  a  period  of  time,  she  again  met 
Winnie  Davis  in  Athens,  Ga.,  grown  to  charming  womanhood, 
"the  Daughter  of  the  Confederacy."  Her  gracious  manners 
won  all  hearts,  and  her  memory  will  ever  be  most  tenderly 
cherished. 

At  the  expiration  of  twenty-seven  years'  service  as  President 
of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  Mrs.  Timberlake  resigned 
her  office  in  1900,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  C.  A.  Rowland. 
In  recognition  of  her  distinguished  services.,  the  Memorial  As 
sociation  elected  her  Honorary  President  of  that  body.  It  was 
owing  to  her  untiring  zeal  and  executive  ability,  ably  assisted 
by  Mrs.  John  T.  Miller,  who  was  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and 
by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  that  the  splendid  monu 
ment  to  the  Confederate  dead  was  erected  in  Augusta  Ga.  It 
is  pronounced  one  of  the  handsomest  memorials  in  the  South. 

Mrs.  Timberlake  is  also  Vice-President  of  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association  for  Georgia,  and  takes  an  active 
interest  in  all  patriotic  work. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
ALBANY,  GEORGIA. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Albany,  Dougherty 
County,  Georgia,  grew  out  of  the  work  of  the  ladies  of  Dough 
erty  County  for  wounded  and  sick  soldiers,  who,  not  able  to 
travel  farther,  were  left  at  Albany  at  the  Way  Side  Home.  The 
Way  Side  Home  Society  rendered  efficient  services  to  the 
wounded  and  sick  soldiers,  under  the  wise  and  able  direction  of 
Mrs.  Amanda  Hines  Hobbs,  the  first  President,  and  Mrs.  Re 
becca  Welsh  Sutton,  who  succeeded  Mrs.  Hobbs  at  the  death  of 
the  latter. 

After  the  war  it  was  the  desire  of  the  women  of  Dougherty 
County  to  raise  a  monument  to  the  dead  heroes  of  the  Confeder 
ate  army,  but  nothing  was  done  until  1876,  when  Colonel  Nelson 
Tift,  founder  of  Albany,  Georgia,  urged  his  lady  friends  re- 

—  84  — 


MRS.  F.  A.  T1MBERLAKE, 
(Formerly  Mrs.  M.  E.  Walton.) 

Vice-President  for  Georgia,  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 
Augusta,  Georgia. 


peatedly  to  start  a  monument  fund,  and  suggested  giving  public 
dinners  at  the  Fair  Ground  during  the  County  Fair. 

Three  ladies  undertook  the  work :  Mrs.  Lou  Warren,  Mrs.  A. 
M.  Wolihin  and  Mrs.  Lou  Smith  Talbert.  They  realized 
$121.41,  which  they  loaned  out  at  interest.  Nothing  more  was 
done  to  add  to  this  fund  until  a  Ladies7  Memorial  Association 
was  regularly  organized  in  May,  1891,  when  the  following  ladies 
met  and  enrolled  as  charter  members :  Mrs.  Lou  Warren,  Pres 
ident;  Miss  Hattie  Ashe  Hall,  Yice-President ;  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Cruger  Westbrook,  Treasurer;  Miss  Carrie  W.  Smith,  Secre 
tary;  Mrs.  Fannie  Tift  Nelson,  Mrs.  Susan  Hall  Tift,  Mrs.  Ella 
Eust  Hilsman,  Mrs.  Annie  Tarver  Hobbs,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Solo 
mon  Tarver,  Mrs.  Eugenia  Coley  Clark,  Mrs.  Annie  Smith 
Davis,  Miss  Edwina  Davis,  members. 

The  association  decided  on  meeting  once  each  month.  The 
initiation  fee  was  fixed  at  $1.00  and  dues  at  10  cents  each  mem 
ber  per  month. 

Captain  Eichard  Hobbs,  veteran,  spoke  to  the  ladies  of  the 
neglected  condition  of  the  graves  of  unknown  soldiers,  and  the 
Association  decided  to  raise  funds  by  a  concert  for  this  purpose. 

Mrs.  E.  C.  Clark  afterwards  gave  a  concert,  the  proceeds  of 
which  were  invested  in  marble  slabs,  which  were  placed  at  the 
head  of  such  graves;  these  slabs  were  inscribed  "Unknown." 

For  several  years  nothing  was  done  by  the  Association  except 
arranging  for  the  yearly  observance  of  Memorial  Day. 

In  1893  Mrs.  Lou  Warren  resigned  and  Mrs.  Fannie  Hunter 
Lockett  was  elected  in  her  place,  with  Mrs.  Westbrook  as  Treas 
urer,  and  Mrs.  Carrie  Smith  Ticknor,  Secretary. 

In  the  following  five  years  Mrs.  Lockett,  Mrs.  Clark,  Mrs. 
Ticknor  and  Mrs.  Davis  turned  over  to  the  Treasurer  for  the 
monument  fund  nearly  two  hundred  ($200.00)  dollars,  the  pro 
ceeds  of  a  concert,  a  flag  drill  and  a  reading  by  "  Betsy  Ham 
ilton." 

In  1898  Mrs.  Lockett  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Car 
rie  Smith  Ticknor,  who  was  succeeded  the  following  year  by 
Miss  Hattie  Ashe  Hall  and  the  monument  fund  was  increased 
to  five  hundred  and  fifty-one  ($551.00)  dollars.  In  1900  Miss 
Hall  displayed  great  zeal  and  energy,  and  in  that  year  a  de 
termined  effort  was  made  to  raise  enough  money  to  erect  a 
monument  without  delay. 

—  85  — 


In  1901  Veteran  John  G.  Laroque,  by  his  individual  efforts, 
raised  from  the  citizens  of  Albany  over  three  hundred  dollars, 
and  a  design  for  the  monument  was  selected,  and  the  order 
placed  with  W.  H.  Miller,  of  Albany,  Ga. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Association  in  1902  the  necessity  for 
marking  the  graves  of  all  soldiers  buried  at  Albany  was  brought 
before  the  members  and  a  petition  was  sent  to  the  City  Council 
to  aid  the  Association  in  this  work.  The  Council  found  that 
they  could  not  appropriate  any  money  for  such  a  cause,  but  the 
Mayor,  Mr.  Samuel  B.  Brown,  generously  sent  the  ladies 
$100.00  as  a  personal  contribution,  to  be  used  for  this  purpose. 
Seventy-five  marble  slabs  were  ordered  with  C.  S.  A.  cut  on 
them.  Mr.  W.  H.  Miller  placed^these  slabs  free  of  charge  to 
the  Association,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  F.  L.  Wilder,  sex 
ton,  who  also  rendered  his  services  free. 

On  Wednesday,  November  13th,  1901,  the  monument  was 
unveiled  in  the  presence  of  the  entire  population  of  the  city. 
The  statue  on  this  monument  is  life  size  and  is  made  of  Italian 
marble,  and  is  pronounced  by  all  who  have  seen  it  as  a  most 
beautiful  and  finished  work.  This  statue  of  a  Southern  sol 
dier  stands  on  a  die  of  white  Georgia  marble,  the  base  being  of 
granite.  The  face  of  the  statue  looks  toward  the  East.  Inscribed 
on  the  marble  die  are  these  words : 

"They  fought,  not  for  conquest,  but  for  liberty  and  their  own 
homes." 

On  the  East  side  is  inscribed:  "Our  Confederate  dead, 
1861-1865."  On  the  South  side:  "These  men  need  no  eulogy, 
for  their  works  do  follow  them."  On  the  West  side:  "This 
monument  is  erected  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ladies'  Me 
morial  Association  of  Dougherty  County,  Georgia,  to  the  men 
who  fought  in  the  Confederate  army  in  defense  of  Constitu 
tional  Liberty." 

The  Association  to-day  is  not  large,  but  loyal  to  the  past. 
Several  members  have  withdrawn,  and  some  have  moved  away. 
It  is  the  purpose  of  the  members  to  mark  the  graves  of  every 
soldier  buried  here,  to  keep  alive  the  love  and  gratitude  for 
those  who  fought,  and  to  aid  in  every  possible  way  all  efforts 
to  render  to  posterity  the  glorious  record  made  by  our  South 
ern  soldiers. 

The  present  membership  of  the  Association  consists  of  Miss 
Hattie  Ashe  Hall,  President;  Mrs.  Sue  Tarpley  Carter,  Vice- 

—  86  — 


President;  Miss  Edwina  Lamar  Davis,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Annie 
Smith  Davis,  Secretary;  Mrs.  Pauline  Smith  Sterne,  Mrs.  Fan 
nie  Tift  Nelson,  Mrs.  Carrie  Smith  Ticknor,  Mrs.  Eva  Carter 
Wooten,  Mrs.  Lou  Smith  Talbert,  Mrs.  Susan  Hall  Tift  and 
Mrs.  Mary  Miller  Tyler. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 
AMERICUS,  GEORGIA. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  the  women  of  Americus,  who,  in  com 
mon  with  their  sisters  all  over  the  South,  had  labored  during 
that  stormy  period  in  giving  aid  and  comfort  to  the  Confeder 
ate  soldiers,  formed  themselves  into  "The  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association/' 

The  object  of  this  Association  was  to  commemorate  the  deeds 
and  to  care  for  the  last  resting  place  of  those  who  had  died  in 
defense  of  their  country.  Like  the  Mary's  of  old :  "  'Twas  all 
their  love  had  leave  to  do." 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  record  of  this  society  was  kept 
in  the  first  years  of  its  existence.  The  writer  knows  that  since 
its  beginning,  it  has  been  handed  down  from  mother  to  daughter, 
as  a  most  sacred  charge,  and  she  well  remembers  that  first 
"Memorial  Day"  on  the  Twenty-sixth  of  April,  Eighteen  Hun 
dred  and  Sixty-Six,  when  they  met  together,  and  kneeling  there 
where  so  much  of  hope  was  buried,  they  laid  their  sweetest 
spring  flowers  above  the  sleeping  dead. 

It  had  always  been  the  ardent  wish  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association  to  erect  a  suitable  monument  to  the  soldiers  fallen 
in  battle,  who  had  gone  from  among  their  midst,  and  they  ever 
worked  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  end.  In  the  latter  part 
of  the  seventies,  when  the  government  began  to  improve  the 
cemetery  at  Andersonville,  building  a  wall  around  it  and  mak 
ing  many  oiflier  changes,  the  graves  of  the  Confederates,  who 
had  died  there  during  the  war,  were  thereby  thrown  out  in  the 
woods,  and  left  in  a  very  neglected  condition. 

After  mature  deliberation  this  Association  resolved  to  have 
these  bodies,  one  hundred  and  fifteen  in  number,  removed  to 
Americus,  and  gave  for  this  purpose  their  hoarded  monument 
fund.  In  February,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty,  this  was 

—  87  — 


carried  into  effect.  Neat  marble  stones  were  placed  at  the  head 
and  foot  of  each  grave — and  the  names,  whenever  obtainable, 
otherwise  marked  "Unknown,"  inscribed  thereon.  About  this 
time  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  joined  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  in  raising  money  for  the  erection 
of  this  monument,  but  it  was  not  until  the  spring  of  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-nine  that  their  long  deferred  hopes  were 
realized,  and  a  handsome  monument,  -costing  about  eighteen 
hundred  dollars,  was  ordered  and  soon  after  placed  on  its  pe 
destal. 

The  officers  of  this  Association  were:  Mrs.  Maria  Harrold, 
President;  Miss  Mary  C.  Granberry,  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
Lucy  M.  Taylor,  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Mattie  Bivins 
Cobb,  Historian. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
ATLANTA,  GEORGIA. 

Confederate  Memorial  work  in  Atlanta,  which  has  culmi 
nated  in  such  grand  evidences  in  stone,  as  illustrated  in  this 
volume,  was  begun  by  Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan.  She  had 
served,  when  known  as  Miss  Eugenia  Goode,  as  Secretary  of 
the  Atlanta  Hospital  Association  for  three  years,  and  had  been 
married  about  one  year  to  Major  Joseph  H.  Morgan,  when 
Mrs.  Charles  J.  Williams,  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  made  her  appeal 
to  the  ladies  of  the  South  to  aid  her  in  observing  Memorial  Day. 

On  the  15th  day  of  April,,  1866,  Mrs.  Morgan  requested  Mrs. 
W.  W.  Clayton  (sister  to  General  Paul  Semmes),  and  her 
daughters,  who  are  now  Mrs.  Hodge  and  Mrs.  Crane,  to  unite- 
with  her  in  calling  the  ladies  together  and  in  making  prepara 
tions  for  celebrating  the  day. 

Accordingly,  these  ladies,  with  the  addition  of  Mrs.  John  Sim 
mons,  went  out  among  their  friends  and  in  two  days  raised 
$350.00  as  a  memorial  fund,  to  defray  the  expenses  of  clearing 
the  ground,  putting  it  in  proper  condition,  and  otherwise  cele 
brating  the  day.  Mrs.  Morgan,  with  her  father  and  mother, 
Major  and  Mrs.  Hamilton  Goode,  and  the  Misses  Clayton,  went 
day  after  day  to  the  cemetery,  taking  their  lunch  with  them,  di 
recting  the  hired  labor,  until  they  had  cleared  the  ground  where 
all  the  known  dead  are  interred  in  Oakland  Cemetery.  These  de- 

—  88  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONQJVJFNT: 

Unveiled  1872, 
Atlanta,  Georgia. 


voted  pioneers  spared  not  their  own  hands  from  such  sacred 
toil,  but  assisted  in  making  clean  this  last  bed  of  the  heroes  at 
rest  there.  These  ladies  then  sent  to  Stone  Mountain  for  cedar, 
which  was  brought  by  the  Georgia  Eailroad  free  of  charge  and  de 
posited  in  a  building  on  Marietta  street,  a  then  central  point. 
They  then  met  and  twined  it  into  wreaths,  crosses  and  other  de 
signs,  to  be  kept  in  readiness  for  the  occasion,  to  be  so  sweetly 
celebrated.  On  the  25th  day  of  April  this  notice  was  sent  to  the 
merchants  in  the  city: 

"In  behalf  of  the  ladies  of  Atlanta  we  request  the  merchant^ 
to  close  their  doors  on  to-morrow,  April  26th,  for  the  purpose- 
of  decorating  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  soldiers. 

"MRS.  JOSEPH  H.  MORGAN, 
"Miss  JULIA  CLAYTON, 
"Miss  SALLIE  CLAYTON, 

"Committee." 

The  Intelligencer  and  New  Era,  daily  papers,  published  in 
Atlanta  at  that  time,  repeated  the  request,  and  gave  the  ladies 
all  the  assistance  possible.  Consequently,  on  the  26th,  at  the 
early  hour  of  nine  o'clock,  nearly  all  the  business  houses  were 
closed,  and  the  people,  young  and  old,  were  seen  wending  their 
way  to  the  cemetery,  most  of  them  bearing  some  floral  tribute- 
to  be  deposited  above  the  silent  dust.  The  City  of  the  Living 
was  deserted,  for  the  time,  for  the  City  of  the  Dead. 

Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan,  Mrs.  Goode,  Mrs.  Clayton  and 
daughters,  Mrs.  Willis  Peck,  Mrs.  John  N".  Simmons,  Mrs.  E. 
Lawshe,  Mrs.  John  ISTeal  and  daughters,  Mrs.  Westmoreland, 
Mrs.  (Dr.)  Grant  and  Mrs.  J.  M.  Johnson  met  in  the  building 
where  the  decorations  were  deposited,  and,  together  with  Col 
onel  Hoge,  Colonel  E.  Y.  Clarke,  Mr.  A.  E.  Watson,  E.  Bass, 
Major  Tom  Williams,  Captain  W.  M.  Williams,  Major  Jos.  H. 
Morgan  and  others,  walked  to  the  cemetery,  carrying  their  of 
fering  to  the  heroic  dead.  They  went  with  heavy  hearts  and  many 
misgivings.  They  reached  the  cemetery  at  11  o'clock,  and  near  the 
center  of  the  area  appropriated  to  graves  of  "Confederate  Dead" 
was  erected  an  arch  of  evergreens,  which  was  beautifully  gemmed 
with  flowers.  Colonel  Hoge  introduced  Eev.  E.  Q.  Mallard,  of 
the  Central  Presbyterian  Church,  chaplain  for  the  occasion. 
After  a  few  very  impressive  remarks,  he  offered  a  ferventr 
touching  prayer. 


The  wreaths  of  evergreen  and  flowers  that  had  'been  prepared 
were  then  laid  upon  the  graves,  until  the  four  thousand  had 
been  covered.  Their  memory  was  typifyed  by  the  evergreens,  and 
their  praises  voiced  by  the  perfume  of  the  flowers.  They  then 
returned,  quietly  and  solemnly,  to  their  respective  homes. 

Such  was  Atlanta's  first  Memorial  Day. 

The  next  day  a  notice  was  published  in  the  daily  papers,  call- 
ign  the  ladies  and  citizens  generally  t'o  attend  a  meeting  to  be 
held  at  Wesley  Chapel,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  officers  of  the 
Atlanta  Memorial  Association,  and  devising  means  to  procure 
funds  for  the  proper  disinterment  of  our  gallant  dead,  who 
were  then  lying  in  trenches  around  Atlanta. 

The  meeting" was  organized  by  calling  Dr.  J.  N".  Simmons 
to  the  chair,  and  requesting  Colonel  E.  F.  Hoge  to  act  as  Sec 
retary.  An  election  for  permanent  officers  was  then  held, 
which  resulted  as  follows: 

Board  of  Directors — General  G-.  T.  Anderson,  Colonel  J.  S. 
Prather,  Colonel  E.  F.  Hoge,  Captain  W.  M.  Williams,  Major 
A.  Leyden,  Dr.  J.  G.  Westmoreland,  Mrs.  E.  Bass,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Johnson  and  Mrs.  W.  F.  Westmoreland.  President,  Dr.  J.  P. 
Logan;  First  Yice-President,  Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan;  Second 
Tice-President,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Walker;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
J.  1ST.  Simmons. 

In  the  following  years,  1866  and  1867,  under  the  presidency  of 
Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan,  Memorial  Day  was  fittingly  observed, 
and  many  improvements  made  on  the  grounds.  Many  bodies 
were  removed  from  the  trenches  around  Atlanta  and  re-interred. 

About  this  time  the  Association  petitioned  the  city,  asking 
a  donation  of  ground  in  Oakland  Cemetery,  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  these  neglected  heroes  a  Christian  burial. 

Mr.  Frank  Eyan,  an  ex- Confederate  and  Clerk  of  Council, 
furnishes  the  following  extracts  from  the  minutes: 

"Eesolution  by  Mr.  Bell. 

"Resolved,  That  the  petition  of  the  Atlanta  Memorial  Asso 
ciation,  asking  a  donation  of  land  for  the  purpose  of  interring 
the  Confederate  dead,  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Ceme 
tery,  and  that  the  said  committee  have  full  power  to  act  in  the 
premises.  Agreed  to/'  The  committee  gave  them  the  ground 
now  marked  "Unknown."  They  failed  to  raise  the  money  to  be 
gin  the  work,  and  it  was  postponed  another  year.  They  had 


no  money  in  the  treasury  to  pay  for  painting  the  remaining 
headboards.  Major  Joseph  H.  Morgan  painted  five  hundred 
himself,  lettered  them  and  superintended  the  setting  up  of  all 
the  headboards  in  the  cemetery.  In  the  spring  of  1868  Mrs. 
Morgan  resigned  her  position  on  account  of  absence  from  At 
lanta. 

At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Association  the  following  officers- 
were  elected:  President,  Mrs.  John  B.  Gordon;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Johnson;  Second  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
Joseph  Winship;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Walker; 
Treasurer,  M'rs.  W.  W.  Clayton;  Secretary,  Mrs.  R.  P.  Zimmer 
man. 

This  year,  Memorial  Day  falling  on  Sunday,  it  was  observed 
very  quietly.  At  2  :30  o'clock  the  procession  formed  at  the- 
City  Hall  and  proceeded  to  the  cemetery.  Over  the  main 
drive,  where  the  monument  is  now,  was  an  arch  with  the  in 
scription,  "Our  Soldiers."  This  year  the  ladies  gave  a  supper 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Spottsylvania  Memorial  Association  in 
Virginia,  from  which  they  realized  $302.80,  which  they  turned 
over  to  General  Gordon  to  forward  to  them.  About  this  time 
the  Association  appealed  to  the  Legislature  for  an  appropria 
tion  to  remove  the  dead.  This  was  refused.  They  were  not 
discouraged,  but  continued  to  give  entertainments  until  they 
raised  the  required  amount,  and  during  the  winter  of  this  year 
the  dead  were  removed. 

THE  FIRST  ADDRESS. 

On  the  26th  of  April,  1869,  the  first  Memorial  address  was 
delivered.  Colonel  E.  Y.  Clarke  introduced  the  orator,  Gen- 
eial  W.  S.  Walker,  in  a  chaste  and  eloquent  speech.  General 
Walker's  address  was  short,  conservative  and  appropriate. 

This  year  a  movement  was  made  to  erect  a  monument  to 
our  "Confederate  Dead"  that  should  be  an  eternal  testimo 
nial  to  their  patriotism  and  valor.  The  Association  had 
made  some  progress  under  Mrs.  Gordon's  administration. 
Honorable  mention  is  due.  just  here,  to  Colonel  E.  Y.  Clarke, 
who  had  worked  with  the  ladies  from  the  beginning  of  their 
labor  of  love.  As  they  began  to  accumulate  money  for  the- 
monument,  they  agitated  the  question  as  to  where  it  was  to 
be  placed.  Some  wished  to  have  it  in  the  cemetery,  and  oth- 

—  91  — 


>ers  in  the  city  on  Marietta  street.  A  meeting  of  the 
most  prominent  people  of  the  city  was  held  at  the  City  Hall 
to  decide  the  question  by  'ballot.  The  majority  voted  to  place 
it  in  the  cemetery.  Mrs.  Gordon  resigned  the  office  of  Presi 
dent,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Johnson,  First  Vice-President,  was  elected 
by  acclamation  t«o  succeed  her. 

As  Vice-President  with  Mrs.  Gordon,  Mrs.  Johnson  had  per 
sonally  superintended  removing  the  dead  for  ten  miles  around 
and  through  the  city.  In  some  of  the  trenches  she  found  as 
many  as  ninety  bodies,  wrapped  in  their  blankets,  hands 
crossed,  with  their  caps  laid  over  their  faces.  When  exposed  to 
the  air  they  crumbled  to  dust.  Their  bones  were  sacredly  gath 
ered  and  placed  in  boxes  already  prepared. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  Atlanta  was  burned  to  the  ground 
in  1864  by  General  Sherman,  and  her  impoverished  citizens 
found  it  difficult  to  get  lumber  to  rebuild  their  homes.  The 
ladies  of  the  Memorial  Association  were  compelled  to  have  lum 
ber  to  make  boxes  to.  bury  the  dead.  Mrs.  Johnson  went  to 
Stone  Mountain,  where  she  heard  some  lumber  could  be  bought. 
She  superintended  the  making  of  the  boxes,  until  the  three 
thousand  unknown  patriots  were  given  a  Christian  burial.  It 
'Cost  six  thousand  dollars  to  provide  boxes  and  remove  the  bodies 
— two  dollars  for  each. 

Memorial  Day,  1870,  was  appropriately  observed.  Colonel 
C.  H.  Hoge,  as  orator,  delivered  an  able  and  eloquent  address. 

Immediately  after  Memorial  Day  the  Association  went  to  work 
to  raise  money  for  the  proposed  monument.  They  had  raised 
enough  to  defray  the  cost  of  laying  the  corner-stone  and  putting 
the  coping  around  the  base  of  the  monument,  whei,.  General 
Eobert  E.  Lee  died.  Consequently,  they  chose  the  day  of  his 
funeral  for  laying  the  corner-stone.  General  G.  T  Anderson 
was  marshal  of  the  day,  assisted  by  Major  J.  H.  Morgan.  The 
procession  was  composed  of  Masonic  lodges,  Knights  Templar, 
Good  Templars,  members  of  the  press,  officers  and  students  of 
Oglethorpe  College,  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
Mayor  and  Council,  and  all  city  officers.  The  city  appeared  in 
mourning.  The  procession  reached  the  City  Hall  at  11  o'clock. 
The  members  of  the  Memorial  Association,  the  orator  of  the  day, 
and  other  distinguished  persons  occupied  seats  on  the  stand.  Eev. 
W.  T.  Brantley  then  offered  a  prayer,  after  which  there  was  music 
by  the  band.  Dr.  H.  V.  M.  Miller,  then  United  States  Senator, 

—  92  — 


EX-PRESIDENTS  OF   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
Atlanta,  Georgia. 

i.  Mrs.  Jos.  H.  Morgan.  ?.  Mrs.  John  B.  Gordon. 

3.  Mrs   W.  D.  Ellis,  President. 
4.  Mrs.  Mary  Cobb  Johnson.  5.  Mrs.  John  Milledge. 


introduced  General  John  B.  Gordon,  the  orator  of  the  day.  We 
may  rest  assured  that  he  eulogized  his  lost  friend,  as  no  one  else 
could  have  done,  and  electrified  his  audience.  When  General 
Gordon  concluded,  the  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Eev.  W. 
M.  Crumley.  The  procession  then  started  to  the  cemetery,  the 
baud  playing  "Auld  Lang  Syne."  A  stand  had  been  erected  and 
was  spanned  by  an  arch  draped  in  mourning,  in  the  center  of 
which  was  suspended  a  portrait  of  General  Lee,  sword  in  hand, 
standing  in  front  of  his  tent. 

As  the  Memorial  Association  came  up  to  the  platform.,  in 
the  van  was  Colonel  Hoge  bearing  a  banner,  assisted  by  Miss 
Mary  Clayton  and  Miss  Sallie  Edwards.  The  Knights  Templar, 
Masonic  lodges  and  Grand  lodge  were  in  attendance. 

While  the  Masons  were  going  through  their  ceremonies,  a 
beautiful  Confederate  flag  was  spread  over  the  opening  of  the 
.stone,  the  history  of  which  was  this:  Early  in  1862,  a  Con 
federate  soldier,  who  was  a  prisoner,  died  in  a  hospital  in  Ken 
tucky.  Before  he  died,  he  gave  this  flag  to  Mrs.  Hawkins,  who 
visited  him,  and  told  her  to  give  it  to  the  best  Confederate  in 
Louisville,  and  requested  that  a  Yankee  should  never  be  allowed 
to  touch  it.  She  gave  the  flag  to  Mrs.  B.  A.  Pratt e,  who  was  at 
that  time  living  in  Louisville,  but  had  now  become  a  resident 
of  Atlanta  and  a  member  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 
After  all  these  things  were  deposited,  a  flag  was  wrapped 
around  them,  the  box  was  sealed,  and  the  stone  set  in  mortar, 
when  Grand  Master  Lawrence,  according  to  Masonic  rite,  poured 
corn,  wine  and  oil  upon  it. 

Connected  with  the  wine  used  is  a  little  incident:  A  bottle 
of  champagne  was  given  to  Miss  Sallie  Edwards  (now  Mrs. 
J.  C.  Olmsted)  by  a  Kentucky  Confederate  General,  when  a 
young  girl  in  Louisville.  He  told  her  to  keep  it  and  drink  it 
when  the  Confederacy  was  recognized.  She  thought  this  an 
appropriate  occasion  to  use  it.  Grand  Master  Lawrence  con 
cluded  with  a  brief  address,  after  which  Colonel  Thomas  How 
ard  made  an  eloquent,  impressive  speech,  and  this  concluded 
the  ceremonies. 

In  1871  the  address  was  made  by  Dr.  David  Wills,  of  Ogle- 
thorpe  College,  Dr.  Brantley  acting  as  chaplain.  The  ladies 
worked  very  hard  during  this  year,  trying  to  pay  for  the  work 
on  the  monument. 

—  93  — 


The  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  were:  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Johnson,  President;  Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan,  First  Vice-Presi 
dent;  Mrs.  Alfred  Austell,  Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  W.  E. 
Phillips,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  B.  A.  Pratte,  Secretary. 

Memorial  Day,  1872,  Colonel  James  D.  Waddell  made  the 
address,  and  Eev.  David  Wills  offered  the  prayer.  The  cere 
monies  were  as  usual. 

November,  1872,  the  Association  went  in  a  body  to  the  Capitol, 
and  requested  the  members  of  the  Legislature  to  give  their  per 
diem  to  assist  (if  they  could  not  make  an  appropriation)  to  re 
imburse  them  for  the  money  spent  in  removing  the  dead.  Judge 
James  Brown,  of  Canton,  was  at  that  time  in  the  Senate,  and 
made  such  a  gallant  speech  for  the  ladies  that  they  were  given 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  ($2,500). 

Memorial  Day,  1873,  the  exercises  were  more  elaborate,  and 
it  was  the  greatest  success  that  had  so  far  been  attained.  All 
the  military  companies  were  out,  and  the  procession  was  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  long.  Eev.  Eobert  Elliott,  rector  of  St. 
Phillips  Church,  was  chaplain.  General  Walker  introduced 
Major  J.  W.  Eoberts,  who  read  the  poem  of  S.  K.  Philips  en 
titled  "Immortelles. "  General  Walker  then  introduced  General 
A.  C.  Garlington,  who  delivered  a  beautiful  address. 

January,  1874,  the  monument  was  finished.  It  is  of  the 
Eoman  style,  consisting  of  a  rustic  base  in  six  courses,  twenty 
feet  square  at  the  top  of  the  foundation.  All  the  work  above  the 
base  is  fine  cut  ashlar,  and  laid  in  courses.  The  first  pedestal 
is  finished  with  a  projecting  tablet  containing  the  words  "  Our 
Confederate  Dead — 1873."  The  cap  projects  beyond  the  face  of 
the  pedestal  six  inches,  on  which  the  shaft  rises  from  a  large 
convex  moulding  and  runs  up  to  a  height  of  twelve  feet  without 
diminishing,  and  is  capped  with  a  plain  projecting  band,  the 
diminution  commencing  above  the  band  to  the  apex  of  the  shaft. 
The  whole  height  is  sixty-five  feet.  It  is  made  of  Stone  Mountain- 
granite.  Mr.  William  Gray  was  the  designer  and  donated  the 
tablet  and  inscription,  as  well  as  his  services.  Dr.  Amos  Fox 
voluntarily  assumed,  for  the  Association,  the  contract  for  the 
erection  (as  they  were  not  chartered  at  that  time),  and  saw  that 
it  was  faithfully  executed.  Colonel  Calvin  Fay  superintended 
its  erection,  and  rendered  many  other  valuable  services.  Mr. 
J.  T.  Meador,  President  of  the  Stone  Mountain  Granite- 

—  94  — 


Company,  donated  all  the  granite  used,  the  Association  con 
tracting  to  pay  for  the  dressing  and  polishing,  which  contract 
the  Company  faithfully  executed.  Superintendent  S.  K.  John 
son,  of  the  Georgia  Eailroad,  transported  all  of  the  granite  over 
the  road  free  of  charge.  It  would  have  cost  $17,000  as  it  is,  but 
for  these  donations.  The  actual  cost  of  dressing  and  polishing 
the  granite,  and  erecting  the  monument,  was  $8,000.00. 

Memorial  Day,  1874,  the  monument  was  unveiled.  It  had  been 
just  four  years  since  the  corner-stone  was  laid. 

The  ladies  of  the  Memorial  Association,  with  Governor  Smith, 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  Hon.  Thomas  Hardeman, 
had  seats  on  the  monument.  General  Clement  A.  Evans  offered 
a  fervent  prayer.  Then  Colonel  Robert  A.  Alston  introduced 
Hon.  Thomas  Hardeman,  orator  of  the  day,  whose  eloquent 
address  made  an  impression  never  to  be  forgotten  by  those  who 
heard  him.  The  monument  was  all  paid  for  now,  but  one 
thousand  dollars.  The  ladies  were  determined  to  finish  paying 
for  it  this  year. 

In  1875,  Eev.  R.  C.  Fonto,  rector  of  St.  Philips  Church,  acted 
as  chaplain,  and  Capt.  Harry  Jackson  delivered  the  address.  A 
poem  by  Dr.  H.  L.  W.  Craig  was  read  by  Judge  George  Hillyer. 

In  1876,  General  Walker  was  marshal;  Dr.  A.  T.  Spalding, 
chaplain,  and  Judge  James  F.  Pou,  of  Columbus,  orator. 

In  1877,  General  Walker,  marshal;  Rev.  D.  W.  Gwyn,  chap 
lain,  and  Mr.  Howard  Van  Epps,  orator. 

In  1878,  General  G.  T.  Anderson,  marshal;  Father  Quinian, 
chaplain,  and  Hon.  James  W.  Robertson,  orator. 

In  1879,  Captain  John  Milledge  was  marshal;  General  C.  A. 
Evans,  chaplain,  and  General  Fitz  Hugh  Lee,  orator. 

In  1880,  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Boggs  was  chaplain;  Colonel  E.  F. 
Hoge,  orator,  and  a  poem  by  Miss  Johnnie  Hunt,  of  Vicksburg, 
Mississippi,  was  read. 

In  1881,  Major  Cummings  was  marshal;  Rev.  John  W.  Heidt, 
chaplain;  Prof.  McAdoo  of  Knoxville,  poet,  and  Captain  John 
Milledge,  orator.  Mr.  Smith  Clayton  presented  the  composition 
entitled  "  The  Faded  Jacket  of  Gray  "  which  has  been  declaimed 
by  school  boys  all  over  the  State. 

In  the  fall  of  1881,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Johnson  resigned  the  Presi 
dency,  and  Mrs.  W.  W.  Clayton  was  elected  in  her  stead,  with 
Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan  as  First  Vice  President;  Mrs.  George 

—  95  — 


T.  Fry,  Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Mary  DeSaussure,  Treas 
urer,  and  Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis,  Secretary. 

In  1882,  General  P.  B.  M.  Young  was  marshal;  Dr.  Henry 
McDonald,  chaplain,  and  Colonel  E.  F.  Hoge,  orator. 

In  the  fall  of  1882,  Mrs.  Clayton  resigned  the  office  of  Presi 
dent,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  B.  A.  Pratte. 

In  1883, Major  W.  D.  Luckie  was  marshal;  Eev.  D.  W.  Gwyn 
was  chaplain,  and  short  addresses  were  made  by  Captain  Harry 
Jackson  and  Captain  John  Milledge,  both  in  uniform. 

In  1884,  Dr.  E.  H.  Barnett  was  chaplain  and  Judge  George 
Hillyer,  orator. 

Mrs.  Pratte  resigned  the  Presidency  at  this  time,  and  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Mrs.  Mary  DeSaussure,  under  whose  administration 
devoted  and  efficient  work  was  done. 

RE-ORGANIZATION. 

October  16th,  1884,  the  Association  was  re-organized.  Busi 
ness  of  importance  made  it  necessary  that  it  should  be  chartered. 
Colonel  George  T.  Fry  prepared  the  charter. 

The  meeting  was  held  in  the  parlor  of  the  Young  Men's 
Library.  Captain  Milledge  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  Colonel 
George  T.  Fry  was  requested  to  act  as  Secretary  and  to  read 
the  charter.  After  having  heard  it  read,  the  ladies  accepted 
and  organized  under  it.  The  following  officers  were  then 
elected:  President,  Mrs.  Fanny  C.  Milledge;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis;  Second  Vice-President,  Mrs.  E.  F. 
Hoge;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Harry  Jackson;  Fourth 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  Willis  P.  Chisholm;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  J.  C. 
Olmsted;  Secretay,  Mrs.  George  T.  Fry. 

THE  INCUMBENCY  or  MRS.  FANNIE  C.  MILLEDGE,  AS  PRESIDENT. 

Mrs.  Fannie  C.  Milledge,  wife  of  Captain  John  Milledge,  who 
was  a  gallant  artillery  officer  from  Georgia  during  the  war,  was 
elected  president  of  the  Association. 

Mrs.  Milledge,  before  her  marriage,  was  Miss  'Robinson  from 
Richmond,  Virginia,  and  her  family  had  been  devoted  to  the 
Confederate  cause.  Her  marriage  to  Captain  Milledge  occurred 
in  the  closing  days  of  the  struggle  in  Virginia,  and  was  the  cul 
mination  of  one  of  the  many  episodes  connected  with  the  pres- 

—  96  — 


PRESIDENTS  OF  MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATIONS. 

.  Mrs.  W-  F.  Spurlin,  2.  Mrs.  L.  A.  Lawson, 

Waynesboro,  Georgia. 


Camden,  Alabama. 


3.  Mrs.  Beverly  D.  Evans, 
Sandersville,  Georgia. 

5-  Mrs.  M.  M.  Madden, 

Brunswick,  Georgia. 


4.  Mrs.  D.  H.  Williams, 

Gainesville,  Alabama, 

6.  Mrs.  J.  B.  Mack, 

Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina. 


•ence  of  gallant  and  courtly  gentlemen  from  other  parts  of  the 
South  in  the  homes  and  at  the  firesides  of  Virginia  culture  and 
refinement. 

Mrs.  Milledge  brought  to  the  performance  of  her  official  duty 
a  rare  combination  of  skill,  devotion  and  energy;  and  the 
affairs  of  the  Association,  if  such  a  term  can  be  used,  pros 
pered  under  her  fostering  care  and  management.  She  was 
President  of  the  Association  for  thirteen  years,  and  died  on 
the  afternoon  preceding  Memorial  Day,  1895.  Her  death 
occurred  after  the  preparation  for  the  parade  had  been  made; 
and,  speaking  in  military  parlance,  her  life  went  out  almost  on 
the  skirmish  line.  The  Memorial  Association  had  been  greatly 
devoted  to  her,  and  in  the  camps  of  Confederate  veterans  her 
name  was  as  well  known,  and  her  wishes  as  much  respected, 
as  though  she  had  held  official  station  in  these  organizations. 
During  most  of  the  time  of  the  presidency  of  Mrs.  Milledge, 
Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis  was  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  S.  A.  Melone, 
Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Wright,  Third  Vice-Presi- 
dent;  Mrs.  C.  W.  Henderson,  Fourth  Vace-President ;  Mrs. 
Joseph  H.  Morgan,  Fifth  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Olmsted, 
Treasurer  and  Mrs.  S.  W.  Goode,  Secretary. 

In  1885,  General  Henderson  was  marshal;  Dr.  J.  B.  Haw 
thorne,  chaplain,  and  Colonel  George  T.  Fry,  orator. 

In  1886,  Captain  R.  L.  Barry  was  marshal;  Kev.  J.  W.  Lee, 
chaplain,  and  Hon.  W.  D.  Ellis,  orator. 

In  1887,  the  Confederate  veterans  (now  organized  into  a 
body),  at  the  request  of  the  ladies  agreed  to  take  charge  of  the 
business  part  of  celebrating  Memorial  Day,  the  ladies  contin 
uing  to  pay  their  own  expenses. 

This  year  there  were  more  than  one  hundred  Confederate 
veterans  in  line,  under  command  of  Colonel  George  T.  Fry,  who 
wore  his  Confederate  uniform. 

Boxes  were  placed  at  the  gates  to  receive  contributions  to 
a  monument  to  be  erected  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  to  Father  Ryan, 
"  The  Poet  Priest  of  the  South." 

Dr.  H.  C.  Morrison  was  chaplain  and  Captain  William  A. 
Wright  introduced  Hon.  Albert  Cox,  who  delivered  the  address. 

During  the  Spring  of  1888,  the  Confederate  Cemetery  was 
very  much  improved.  A  new  hedge,  roses  and  spring  shrubs, 
were  planted,  with  magnolias  and  other  ornamental  trees. 

—  97  — 


Memorial  Day,  1888,  the  venerable  Dr.  John  Jones,  of  Atlanta, 
was  chaplain,  and  Colonel  T.  G.  Jones,  since  Governor  of  Ala 
bama,  made  the  address. 

Decemer  of  this  year  the  ladies  joined  with  the  veterans  in 
holding  a  fair,  one-half  of  the  net  proceeds  of  which  were  to  go 
to  the  head-stone  fund  of  the  Memorial  Association. 

Dr.  Amos  Fox  turned  over  to  the  ladies  $1,793.00  as  their  half 
of  the  net  proceeds. 

Memorial  Day,  1889,  Colonel  W.  L.  Calhoun  introduced  Gen 
eral  P.  M.  B.  Young,  orator  of  the  day,  whose  address  was  one 
of  the  most  eloquent  ever  delivered  on  a  similar  occasion,  and 
his  tribute  to  Southern  women  was  all  the  more  appreciated, 
coming  from  a  confirmed  old  bachelor.  Dr.  J.  William 
Jones,  of  Virginia,  was  chaplain.  The  boxes  at  the  gates 
were  found  to  contain  $57.00,  which  was  turned  over  to 
the  secretary  to  be  sent  with  like  contributions  of  this  day  from 
other  cities  of  Georgia,  to  mark  the  graves  of  her  heroes  who 
are  sleeping  in  Hollywood  Cemetery,  Eichmond,  Virginia. 

In  December,  1889,  the  Association  joined  with  the  veterans 
in  paying  the  last  tribute  of  love  and  respect  to  their  honored 
Chieftain,  Jefferson  Davis. 

About  this  time  the  Association  donated  $100.00  to  Dr.  Amos 
Fox  to  aid  him  in  removing  the  bodies  of  eleven  veterans  from 
pauper  ground  to  Confederate  Veteran  Square  in  Westview 
Cemetery,  and  putting  up  stones  to  mark  their  graves.  The 
ladies  had  by  this  time  $2,000.00  in  bank,  and  at  a  meeting  in 
December,  1889,  decided  to  begin  putting  up  head-stones  before 
the  decaying  head-boards  had  entirely  rotted  away. 

In  the  spring  of  1890,  the  names  of  eight  hundred  and  forty- 
five  soldiers,  with  the  letter  of  company  and  number  of  regi 
ment,  were  sent  to  the  American  Marble  Company.  These 
names  were  copied  from  Confederate  records  and  arranged 
alphabetically,  by  Sally  Hansom  Melone,  then  a  child  of  only 
twelve  years.  The  stones  were  finished  and  set  up  in  the  ceme 
tery  to  the  proper  graves  before  Memorial  Day. 

Memorial  Day,  1890,  was  the  most  important  one  yet  cele 
brated.  It  was  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  surrender  of 
General  Joseph  E.  Johnston.  As  that  grand  old  hero  was  then 
alive,  the  ladies,  after  consulting  with  the  veterans,  decided  to 
invite  him,  together  with  every  living  Confederate  General,  to 

—  98  — 


unite  with  them  in  celebrating  the  day.  Most  of  them  accepted 
the  invitation.  Hon.  J.  C.  Black,  of  Augusta,  Georgia,  was 
orator  of  the  day,  and  Rev.  Robert  Barrett,  D.  D.,  rector  of  St. 
Luke's  Cathedral,  was  chaplain.  The  exercises  were  held  in 
DeGive's  Opera  House,  that  all  the  older  citizens  might  be 
present.  Confederate  veterans  from  all  parts  of  the  South  were 
in  attendance. 

The  Kimball  House  was  headquarters  for  the  Generals.  The 
Association  met  in  front  of  it,  and  joined  them  in  driving  to  the 
opera  house,  which  was  but  a  short  distance.  A  number  of  bat 
tle-scarred  veterans,  who  had  followed  General  Johnston  through 
the  entire  war,  surrounded  his  carriage,  unhitched  the  horses, 
and  themselves  drew  his  carriage  to  the  opera  house.  As 
sembled  there  on  the  stage  with  him,  for  the  last  time  on 
earth,  were  Beauregard,  Longstreet,  Kirby  Smith,  Wade  Hamp 
ton,  Lafayette,  McLaws,  Simon  Buckner,  Gordon,  Colquitt,  Law- 
ton,  Bate,  Early,  Moorman,  Vaughan,  Stephen  D.  Lee,  P.  M.  B. 
Young,  and  others.  The  address  was  a  very  appropriate  one,  and 
"  Many  eyes  were  suffused  with  tears, 

As  he  told  the  story, 
How  the  South   fought  for  her  rights, 
And  lost  all  but  her  glory." 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  exercises,  the  procession  was  formed 
on  Marietta  street,  and  marched  to  the  cemetery.  Colonel  W.  L. 
Calhoun  was  marshal,  assisted  by  Colonel  L.  P.  Thomas  and 
Hugh  Colquitt  and  Captain  W.  D.  Ellis.  The  Knights  Templar 
escorted  the  ladies,  and  the  generals  were  in  carriages  imme 
diately  behind  them.  One  carriage  was  occupied  by  the  ven 
erable  sister  of  General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  Mrs.  J.  M.  John 
son,  ex-President,  with  Beauregard  and  Kirby  Smith.  Hun 
dreds  of  veterans  were  in  line.  Many  visitors  and  citizens  also 
joined  in  the  procession.  Arriving  at  the  cemetery  the  Asso 
ciation  and  Generals  had  seats  on  the  monument.  Impromptu 
speeches  were  made  by  several  of  the  Generals,  as  they  were 
called  upon.  Then  a  prayer  by  the  chaplain,  and  the  graves 
'were  covered  with  flowers. 

May  9th,  1890,  the  Association  held  an  important  meeting 
in  the  parlor  of  the  Young  Men's  Library.  After  paying  all 
-expenses  of  Memorial  Day,  and  giving  votes  of  thanks  to  all  who 
had  rendered  assistance,  the  ladies  proceeded  to  elect  their 
officers  for  the  ensuing  year.  Mrs.  George  T.  Fry,  who  had 


been  Secretary  ever  since  the  re-organization,  resigned  the  office 
because  of  her  change  of  residence  from  Atlanta  to  Chattanooga^ 
Tenn.  Resolutions  of  regret  were  passed  and  she  was  made  an 
honorary  life-member. 

The  following  officers  were  then  elected :  President,  Mrs.  John 
Milledge;  First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Wright;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  E. 
F.  Hoge;  Fourth  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Joseph  H.  Morgan;. 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Olmsted;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Samuel  W. 
Goode. 

Memorial  Day,  1891,  was  observed  in  the  usual  manner  with 
a  grand  parade,  the  strewing  of  flowers  upon  the  Confederate 
graves,  an  oration  by  Eev.  J.  W.  Lee,  D.  D.,  and  prayer  and 
religious  exercises  by  Eev.  T.  P.  Cleveland. 

Memorial  day,  1892,  was  faithfully  observed.  Mr.  Fulton 
Colville,  of  Atlanta,  delivered  the  oration;  Colonel  W.  Lowndes 
Calhoun  officiated  as  marshal ;  Eev.  T.  C.  Tupper  acted  as  chap 
lain. 

On  the  26th  of  April,  1893,  Memorial  day,  General  Holtzclaw, 
of  Alabama,  was  orator  and  Eev.  G.  B.  Strickler,  D.  D.  was 
chaplain. 

Memorial  day,  1894.  was  fitly  observed.  Hon.  H.  H.  Carlton, 
of  Athens,  Georgia,  delivered  the  address.  Eev.  I.  S.  Hopkins, 
D.D.,  was  chaplain;  Captain  John  Milledge  was  marshal. 

In  1895,  Memorial  day  exercises  were  held,  and  Lucien 
Knight,  Esq.,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Constitution,  delivered 
the  address.  The  Eev.  A.  W.  Knight,  rector  of  St.  Philip's 
Episcopal  Church,  was  chaplain. 

THE  INCUMBENCY  OF  MRS.  W.  D.  ELLIS  AS  PRESIDENT. 

Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis,  whose  maiden  name  was  Phoebe  C.  Prio- 
leau,  formerly  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  whose  family  had  been 
devoted  to  the  Confederate  cause,  was  elected  President  to  suc 
ceed  Mrs.  Milledge,  with  the  following  co-assistants:  Mrs.  S.  A. 
Melone,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  W.  A.  Wright,  Second  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Henderson,  Third  Vice-President;  Mrs. 
Joseph  H.  Morgan,  Fourth  Vice-President;  Mrs.  J.  C.  Olmsted, 
Treasurer;  Miss  Martha  Goode,  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Ellis  has  been  re-elected  year  after  year,  and  is  still  the 
President  of  the  Association. 

—  100  — 


In  1896,  Memorial  day  was  observed  in  the  usual  impressive 
manner.  Hon.  Dupont  Guerry,  of  Macon,  Georgia,  delivered  the 
address.  Eev.  T.  P.  Cleveland  was  chaplain  and  Colonel  A.  J. 
West,  marshal. 

Memorial  day,  1897,  had  for  its  orator  Eev.  W.  W.  Landrum, 
D.  D.;  Rev.  Theron  Rice,  D.  D.,  officiated  as  chaplain. 

On  Memorial  Day,  1898,  Hon.  Albert  Cox,  of  Atlanta,  delivered 
the  address ;  Colonel  A.  J.  West  acted  as  marshal,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Holderby  officiated  as  chaplain. 

In  1899,  Memorial  day  was  observed  with  all  its  customary  de 
votion  and  enthusiasm.  Hon.  Pleasant  A.  Stovall,  of  Savannah, 
Georgia,  delivered  the  oration. 

Memorial  day,  1900,  was  observed  with  the  usual  grand  pa 
rade  and  great  outpouring  of  the  citizens  of  Atlanta.  Hon.  W. 
D.  Ellis,  of  Atlanta,  delivered  the  oration.  Rev.  C.  P.  Bride 
well  was  chaplain  and  Major  J.  C.  Haskell  was  marshal. 

Memorial  day,  1901,  was  observed  in  the  usual  manner,  Hon. 
J.  W.  Austin  being  the  orator  of  the  day,  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Wilmer, 
chaplain.  Hon.  W.  A .  Wright  was  marshal  of  the  occasion. 

1902  had  for  its  orator,  Hon.  John  Temple  Graves;  for  its 
marshal,  Captain  W.  A.  Hanson,  both  of  Atlanta. 

ANNUAL  PARADES. 

Almost  without  exception  in  the  history  of  the  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  of  Atlanta,  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead  have  been 
decorated  with  flowers,  after  stirring,  patriotic  and  eloquent 
orations  had  been  delivered  from  the  base  of  the  monument  in 
Oakland  Cemetery,  and  after  other  interesting  exercises  had  been 
observed. 

This  cemetery  is  about  one  mile  from  the  center  of  the  city, 
and  the  almost  universal  custom  has  been  that  the  entire  busi 
ness  of  the  City  of  Atlanta  was  suspended  from  12  o'clock  M., 
for  the  balance  of  the  day;  and  the  processions  were  formed  in 
the  city  about  two  o'clock,  and  moved  in  regular  and  military 
order  through  the  principal  streets  out  to  the  cemetery,  where 
the  addresses  and  exercises  occurred  as  stated.  These  processions 
have  been  always  large  and  imposing.  On  many  occasions,  when 
the  head  of  the  procession  entered  the  gate  of  Oakland  Cemetery, 
the  rear  guard  had  not  more  than  left  the  center  of  the  city. 
Not  only  have  these  processions  been  immense,  but  the  occasion 

—  101  — 


has  drawn  from  the  homes  of  Atlanta,  to  look  on  and  take  part  in 
a  general  way,  almost  the  entire  population;  and  so  Memorial 
day  started  out  to  be,  and  has  continued  to  grow  into,  a  great, 
memorable,  annual  occasion. 

THE  LION  OF  ATLANTA. 

During  the  last  year  of  incumbency  of  Mrs.  John  Milledge, 
there  was  placed  in  that  part  of  Oakland  Cemetery  set  apart 
to  the  unknown  Confederate  dead,  a  magnificent  lion  carved  in 
marble,  in  splendid  imitation  of  the  lion  of  Lucerne.  This  lion 
has  draped  near  it  a  Confederate  fla£,  and  on  the  occasion  of  the 
unveiling  of  this  monument  there  was  a  great  parade  and  a 
splendid  tribute  paid  by  all  the  people  to  this  most  appropriate 
ornament. 

Among  the  floral  offerings  were  a  car  load  of  beautiful  flowers 
sent  by  the  citizens  of  Brunswick,  Georgia,  in  appreciation  of 
Atlanta's  aid  to  the  yellow  fever  sufferers  of  that  city.  It 
will  be  seen  by  looking  over  the  list  of  orators  through  the 
long  period  of  years  noted  in  the  foregoing  history  of  the  Memo 
rial  Association  of  Atlanta,  that  many  distinguished  men  de 
livered  addresses.  It  can  truthfully  be  said  that  all  the  ad 
dresses  delivered  have  been  striking,  eloquent  and  impressive. 
The  time,  the  occasion,  the  magnificent  outpouring  of  the  people, 
and  the  solemn  devotion  manifested  to  the  subject  in  hand, 
appear  to  have  called  out  from  each  succeeding  speaker  his  very 
best  effort. 

Almost  upon  the  formation  of  the  order  of  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy,  that  organization  began  to  take  active 
interest  in  the  celebration  of  Memorial  day  in  Atlanta,  and 
brought  to  the  aid  of  the  Memorial  Association  its  enthusiastic 
influence,  aid  and  support. 

The  Order  of  R.  E.  Lee,  another  patriotic  organization,  un 
der  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  W.  L.  Peel,  its  President,  has  ren 
dered  timely  and  appreciated  aid  and  influence  in  the  suc 
cessful  outcome  of  a  number  of  Memorial  occasions.  From 
the  beginning  of  this  work  down  to  this  date  the  municipal 
government  of  Atlanta  has  not  only  encouraged  these  an 
nual  exercises,  but  its  various  departments  have  actively 
participated;  its  schools  have  joined  in  the  procession; 
its  various  departments  have  taken  hold,  and  two  of  these 

—  102  — 


•departments  have  been  conspicuously  helpful.  Among  the 
acts  of  the  City  Council  was  the  donation  to  the  Association  of 
a  plat  of  ground  in  the  cemetery,  subsequently  sold  and  the  pro 
ceeds  converted  into  a  fund  which  produces  an  annual  return  of 
over  $300.00. 

The  Fire  Department  of  Atlanta,  under  its  efficient  and  able 
Chief,  W.  R.  Joyner,  has  for  many  years  taken  a  conspicuous 
part  in  the  observance  of  Memorial  Day.  Not  only  have  the  officers 
and  men  of  this  department  been  conspicuous  with  their  beauti 
ful  wreaths  of  flowers  and  their  drum  corps,  but  their  friendly 
aid  and  active  co-operation,  each  recurring  season,  have  con 
tributed  largely  to  the  success  of  the  annual  parades,  The 
Atlanta  Police  Department  deserves  special  mention  in  the  his 
tory  of  the  Atlanta  Memorial  Association. 

This  splendid  body  of  men,  under  the  leadership  of  Chiefs  A. 
B.  Connally  and  J.  W.  Ball,  have  preserved  order,  marched  in 
•our  processions,  taken  up  collections  at  the  gates,  and  in  all 
matters  have  contributed  to  the  magnitude  of  our  annual  parades. 

The  Memorial  Association  has  always  received  the  cordial  and 
efficient  support  of  the  Atlanta  newspapers,  and  much  of  its 
good  work  should  be  credited  to  this  powerful  agency. 

The  Military  Companies,  comprising  the  Fifth  Regiment  of 
Georgia  State  Troops,  under  the  command  of  Colonels  John  S. 
Chandler  and  A.  P.  Woodward,  and  the  Atlanta  Artillery, 
Governor's  Horse  Guards,  together  with  several  cadet  corps,  have 
rendered  appreciated  and  valued  assistance  on  Memorial  days. 
The  officers  and  men  have  formed  a  conspicuous  part  of  each 
procession,  and  have  marched  with  firm  step  and  steady  purpose 
to  show  that  they  revere  and  appreciate  the  unexcelled  martial 
glory  of  the  dead  heroes  who  sleep  in  Oakland  Cemetery. 

CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 

The  several  camps  of  Confederate  Veterans  have  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  Memorial  exercises.  They  have  taken  part  in 
the  management,  have  worked  unceasingly  and  their  part  of 
•each  parade  has  been  an  inspiration.  The  Sons  of  Veterans 
and  Children  of  the  Confederacy  have  been  faithful  and  vigilant 
in  Confederate  work,  and  on  Memorial  Days  have  had  their 
places  and  their  duty  filled  up  to  the  measures  of  full  display 
of  that  devotion  which  insures  the  continuation  of  Memo- 

—  103  — 


rial  days  when  their  elders  shall  have  passed  to  the  Great  Be 
yond.  No  proper  synopsis  could  be  written  of  the  history  of  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  which  did  not  make  special  mention 
of  the  connection  therewith  of  a  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
who  have  had  no  official  connection  with  it.  Among  those  not 
already  named  are  Mrs.  J.  G-adsden  King,  who  for  years  has 
prepared  and  placed  upon  the  monument  a  special  wreath ;  Mrs. 
E.L.Dunbar,of  South  Carolina,  who  has  made  an  annual  dona 
tion  of  gray  moss  to  drape  the  grounds;  Major  W.  H.  Hulbert, 
an  official  of  the  Southern  Express  Company,  who  has  procured 
the  kind  offices  of  his  Company  for  free  transportation  of  flowers; 
Captain  W.  H.  Harrison,  whose  zeal  and  devotion  to  Confederate 
memories  have  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  assistants  in  the 
good  work;  Dr.  J.  C.  Olmsted,  whose  graceful  pen  has  contrib 
uted  so  much  to  Confederate  literature ;  Captain  F.  M.  Meyers ; 
Colonel  L.  P.  Thomas;  Captain  R  S.  Osborn;  Captain  R.  M.. 
Clayton  and  many  other  gallant  ex-Confederates  have  been  de 
voted  in  their  efforts  to  make  Memorial  day  exercises  all  they 
have  been  in  Atlanta.  On  the  seventh  day  of  May,  1897,  Mrs. 
Evans,  wife  of  General  C.  A.  Evans,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Asso 
ciation,  offered  a  resolution  providing  for  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  to  correspond  with  every  Memorial  Association  in 
Georgia,  with  a  view  of  securing  concert  of  action  on  all  ques 
tions  relating  to  the  objects  and  purposes  of  these  organizations. 
This  resolution  was  adopted,  but  the  subsequent  formation  of 
"The  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association"  so  fully 
met  the  situation  that  the  Atlanta  Association  gladly  accepted 
membership  in  that  organization,  and  cannot  commend  too 
highly  the  work  of  the  Confederation,  and  unites  with  all  others 
in  promising  cordial  support  to  the  able  and  patriotic  impulses 
and  acts  of  the  officers  of  an  organization  which  takes  into  its 
general  supervision  the  care  of  the  graves  of  our  dead  and  the 
preservation  for  posterity  of  a  correct  account  of  their  heroic 
deeds,  and  the  lofty  courage  which  prompted  them. 

On  Sunday  morning,  January  10,  1904,  word  was  received  in 
Atlanta  that  on  the  evening  before  General  John  B.  Gordon  had 
breathed  his  last  at  Biscayne,  Florida.  At  the  suggestion  of 
Mrs.  William  A.  Wright,  a  meeting  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association  was  called  for  Monday,  January  the  eleventh,  in 
order  that  the  association  as  a  body  might  pay  its  tribute  of 
respect  to  the  dead  Confederate  Chieftain. 

—  104  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1868  by  Ladies'  Memorial  Association, 

Griffen,  Georgia. 


Previous  to  this  meeting  a  telegram  of  sympathy  had  been 
sent  to  Mrs.  Gordon  by  the  President  of  the  Association,  Mrs. 
W.  D.  Ellis.  At  the  meeting  on  Monday,  Mrs.  Wright  intro 
duced  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  passed : 

First.  "That  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Atlanta 
begs  of  Mrs.  Gordon  the  privilege  of  giving  to  General  Gordon 
and  herself  a  last  resting  place  in  the  Confederate  Memorial 
grounds  at  Oakland  Cemetery. 

Second.  "That  a  request  to  this  effect  be  wired  to  Mrs.  Gor 
don  at  once." 

In  accordance  with  these  resolutions,  the  request  was  imme 
diately  wired  to  Mrs.  Gordon.  On  Wednesday,  January  the 
thirteenth,  after  reaching  Atlanta,  Mrs.  Gordon  thanked  the 
Association  for  the  offer  it  had  made,  and  accepted  for  her  hus 
band  a  resting  place  among  his  beloved  comrades  of  the  memor 
able  struggle  of  186 1-7 65. 

On  Wednesday,  while  General  Gordon's  body  lay  in  state  in 
the  capitol  at  Atlanta,  members  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  were  constantly  present  in  the  rotunda,  receiving  flowers, 
and  performing  all  other  services  in  their  power. 

At  the  funeral  on  Thursday,  January  the  fourteenth,  places 
were  reserved  for  the  Association  at  the  exercises  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  at  the  services  in  the  church,  and  in  the 
funeral  procession. 

Shortly  after  her  return  to  Florida,  Mrs.  Gordon  wrote  the 
following  letter  to  our  President: 

"BISCAYNE,  FLA.,  Jan.  24,  1904. 

"My  Dear  Mrs.  Ellis — I  wish  to  assure  you  and  the  ladies  of 
the  Memorial  Association  of  my  appreciation  of  the  tribute  paid 
General  Gordon  in  your  desire  to  have  his  body  rest  among 
his  old  comrades.  !STo  more  appropriate  spot  could  be  found  for 
his  last  resting  place  than  among  the  martyrs  of  the  Cause  he 
loved  so  well. 

"Please  also  express  to  the  ladies  my  heartfelt  thanks  for  the 
beautiful  floral  offering.  Very  sincerely  and  cordially, 

"FANNY  H.  GORDON/'' 
Mrs.  W.  D.  Ellis. 

INEZ  SLEDGE,  Secretary.. 

—  105  — 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
ATHENS,  GEORGIA. 

This  Association  is  the  child  of  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society  of 
^Confederate  times,  of  which  Mrs.  Myrtis  Franklin  was  the  first 
President.  No  one  can  estimate  the  number  of  destitute,  suf 
fering  soldiers  who  were  aided  and  encouraged  by  these  noble 
women,  who  shipped  to  them  great  boxes  of  clothing,  blankets 
and  provisions. 

Mrs.  Laura  Cobb  Rutherford  was  the  second  President  of  the 
Ladies'  Aid  Society,  and  when  the  banner  was  furled  and  many 
returned  not,  she  determined  that  loving,  enduring  testimony 
should  be  paid  the  South's  sacred  dead.  Mrs.  Rutherford  was 
elected  President  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  and 
held  the  position  until  her  death,  in  1888.  Undaunted  by  the 
-depression  and  destitution  of  those  latter  gloomy  years  of  the 
sixties,  she  began  the  work  of  raising  funds  to  erect  a  monu 
ment  to  the  Confederate  dead  of  Clarke  County.  To  the  dis 
couragement  met  with  on  all  sides,  she  made  the  one  quiet, 
resolute  reply:  "It  must  be  done."  Finally,  after  years  of 
struggle  and  remarkable  industry  and  patience,  the  noble  mon 
ument,  telling  its  eloquent  story,  pointed  its  snowy,  enduring 
•column  to  the  sky. 

On  the  shaft  bearing  the  following  inscription  are  the  names 
of  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  Clarke  County  who  fell  in  the 
Confederate  struggle:  "Erected  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  As 
sociation  of  Clarke  County,  1872.  True  to  the  soil  that  gave 
them  birth  and  reared  them  men,  true  to  the  traditions  of  their 
Revolutionary  ancestors  of  high  renown  and  hallowed  worth; 
alike  by  instinct  and  by  principle,  cherishing  the  sentiments 
of  home  and  country  and  the  allegiance  thereunto  due  as  one 
and  inseparable,  these  heroes — ours  in  the  unity  of  blood  and 
in  unity  of  patriotism,  struggled  for  the  Rights  of  States,  as 
held  by  the  Fathers  of  the  Republic,  and  by  the  Fathers  as  a 
sacred  trust  unto  them  bequeathed.  The  measure  of  their 
years  suddenly  completed  in  the  fatal  issues  of  battle,  reached 
the  consummation  of  earthly  glory.  By  their  death,  last  and  holi 
est  office  of  human  fidelity  possible  to  brave  men,  attesting  their 
sincerity,  vindicating  their  honor  and  sealing  their  integrity,, 
they  won  their  title  to  an  immortality  of  love  and  reverence." 

The  fame  of  Southern  heroism  is  imperishably  inscribed  in 

—  106  — 


MRS.  C.  A.  ROWLAND, 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 

Augusta,  Georgia. 


the  names  of  those  patriots  that  the  shaft  bears,  and  ever  will 
it  testify  as  well  to  the  patriotism  of  the  loyal-hearted  South 
ern  women,,  who  year  after  year  keep  the  memory  of  the  South 
ron's  cause  and  heroes  sacred,  and  bring  afresh  each  year  chap- 
lets  for  the  Confederate  dead. 

EOSA    WOODBERRY. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
AUGUSTA,  GEORGIA. 

During  the  war  the  ladies  of  Augusta  organized  themselves 
into  a  Ladies'  Relief  and  Hospital  Association,  whose  purpose 
was  to  care  for  the  wounded  and  sick  soldiers  and  provide  them 
with  kind  nursing  and  comfortable  clothing.  At  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  after  the  disappearance  of  military  hospitals,  this 
Association  then  undertook  to  care  for  the  graves  of  the  Con 
federate  dead  in  the  city  cemetery,  and  to  decorate  them  with 
flowers  upon  the  annual  observance  of  Memorial  Day. 

In  1868  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  was  organized, 
having  for  its  purpose  the  care  of  these  graves,  as  well  as  the 
erection  of  a  monument  to  the  Confederate  dead.  Mrs.  John 
Carter  was  elected  President,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Steiner,  Vice-Presi 
dent,  and  Mrs.  John  T.  Miller,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

The  Association  thus  begun,  was  organized  amid  the  distress 
and  desolation  of  broken  fortunes  and  depressed  business  con 
ditions. 

Soon  after  its  organization  it  suffered  the  loss  by  death  of 
both  its  President  and  Vice-President,  but  the  noble  woinr-n 
who  composed  it,  with  undaunted  courage  continued  to  labor 
earnestly  for  the  cause  to  which  they  had  devoted  themselves. 
For  the  first  five  years  they  raised  from  all  sources  only 
$458.12,  and  this  was  expended  in  the  care  of  the  graves  in  the 
soldiers'  section  of  the  city  cemetery. 

In  March.  1873,  the  Association  was  re-organized,  and  the  fol 
lowing  officers  were  elected:  President,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Walton 
(now  Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake)  ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
John  T.  Miller.  Vice-Presidents  were  elected  to  represent  each 
denomination  of  the  city. 

—  107  — 


These  ladies  set  to  work  promptly  and  energetically  to  carry 
out  the  purpose  of  their  organization.  They  received  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  every  one,  and  soon  had  funds  sufficient 
to  justify  them  in  undertaking  the  first  part  of  their  great 
work,  which  was  to  put  in  order  the  graves  of  the  Confederate 
soldiers  who  were  buried  in  Augusta.  These  martyrs  to  the 
Southern  Cause  were  gathered  together  wherever  buried,  and 
were  interred  in  orderly  arrangement  in  one  of  the  choicest  lots 
of  the  cemetery.  The  lot  was  enclosed  with  a  stone  coping, 
planted  with  turf,  and  a  fountain  erected  in  the  center.  There 
were  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven  graves,  and  at  the  head  of 
each  was  placed  a  marble  slab,  bearing  the  name,  regiment  and 
.State  of  the  soldier  who  slept  beneath.  The  Soldiers'  Section 
became  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  cemetery,  and  there, 
while  the  flowers  are  in  bloom,  the  sod  is  green  with  the  growth 
of  early  spring,  and  the  fountain  plays  its  everlasting  melody, 
the  citizens  gather  on  Memorial  Day,  and  in  the  presence  of 
the  dead,  lay  their  tributes  of  flowers  and  praise  upon  the  graves 
of  their  departed  heroes. 

March,  1873,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  re-organized, 
with  the  following  officers:  President,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Walton; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Mrs.  John  T.  Miller;  Vice-Presidents, 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Adams,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Whitehead,  Mrs.  Ann  Anthony, 
Mrs.  J.  J.  Cohen,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Lamar,  Mrs.  DeSaussure  Ford, 
Mrs.  H.  W.  Hilliard,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Derry,  Mrs.  John  M.  Clark. 

The  association  now  turned  its  attention  to  the  monument 
to  be  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  dead.  Various 
means  were  used  to  raise  funds  for  the  purpose.  In  1873  a 
bazaar  was  given  and  over  $4,000.00  were  realized  from  the  en 
thusiastic  response  of  the  people  of  Augusta.  Concerts  and 
lectures  were  given.  Contributions  were  received,  and  money 
came  in  as  fast  as  could  be  hoped  for,  considering  the  condition 
of  the  times.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  even  the  colored  people 
contributed  to  the  funds  by  two  benefit  performances  of  the 
"Cotton  States  Minstrels"  of  Augusta,  This  evidence  of  inter 
est  and  kind  feeling  was  much  appreciaetd. 

The  police  of  Augusta  gave  a  generous  contribution  to  the 
Confederate  Monument  and  render  efficient  service  every  Me 
morial  Day. 


—  108  — 


The  treasury  was  augmented  by  an  excursion  to  Port  Royal, 
•S.  C.,  to  see  the  United  States  Naval  Fleet.  The  officers  en 
tertained  the  ladies  very  hospitably,  and  they  reciprocated  by 
inviting  them  to  attend  a  Centennial  Leap  Year  party,  to  be 
given  for  the  benefit  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association.  They 
accepted,  and  made  a  very  generous  donation  to  the  cause. 

Mrs.  General  Pegram,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  presented  a  beauti 
ful  banner  to  the  Association,  which  was  offered  for  contest  to 
the  most  popular  fire  company  of  the  city.  Much  rivalry  was 
elicited  by  this  means  and  a  sum  of  $1,600.00  was  added  to  the 
growing  fund.  By  all  these  means  in  about  three  years  the 
ladies  had  raised  $17,331.34.  This  sum,  added  to  what  had 
been  previously  accumulated,  and  to  what  accrued  by  interest, 
reached  finally  the  splendid  total  of  $20,934.04,  which  was  ex 
pended  upon  the  soldiers'  section,  the  design  and  monument, 
and  after  all  had  been  paid  for  in  full  there  was  a  balance  in 
the  treasury  of  $579.68.  Having  raised  the  necessary  amount, 
it  was  decided  to  erect  a  marble  shaft  somewhere  in  the  city. 
At  one  of  the  fairs  a  vote  was  taken  to  decide  the  location.  The 
majority  was  in  favor  of  Broad  street,  between  Jackson  and 
Mclntosh  streets.  In  1875  the  Association  advertised  for  de 
signs,  and  among  the  many  submitted,  that  of  Van  G-unden  & 
Young,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  accepted.  The  design  cost 
$500.00.  The  contract  for  the  erection  was  awarded  to  Theo. 
Markwalter,  of  Augusta.  The  marble  portion  of  the  monu 
ment  was  executed  in  Carrara,  Italy.  Before  it  was  ready  to  be 
brought  to  Augusta,  Congress  passed  an  act  admitting  all 
works  of  art  intended  for  public  ornamentation  to  pass  free  of 
duty.  The  bill  for  this  purpose  was  introduced  in  Congress 
by  Hon.  Alex  H.  Stephens,  and  seconded  by  the  efforts  of  Col. 
Chas.  C.  Jones,  Jr.  While  the  bill  was  awaiting  the  isignature 
-of  the  President,  the  ship  bearing  the  monument  appeared  in 
New  York  harbor,  but  in  order  to  gain  time  it  was  directed  to 
sail  to  Savannah,  at  which  place  it  arrived  after  the  bill  was 
signed  and  became  a  law.  In  this  way  the  monument  entered 
free  of  duty  and  the  Association  was  saved  an  expense  of 
$1,712.90  for  custom  charges. 

The  corner  stone  of  the  monument  was  laid  in  April,  1875. 
Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake,  President  of  the  Memorial  Associa- 

—  109  — 


tion,  and  the  following  officers  laid  the  first  bricks  of  thfc 
foundation:  Mrs.  A.  G.  Whitehead,  Mrs.  Edward  F.  Camp- 
field,  Mrs  DeS.  Ford,  Mrs.  M.  B.  Moore,  and  Mrs.  John  ^ 
Clark.  It  was  indeed  a  novel  sight  to  a  large  number  of  spect 
ators  to  see  the  ladies,  with  delicate,  ungloved  hands,  laying 
brick  and  handling  the  trowel,  buti  it  was  a  holy  duty  they  per 
formed — one  most  appropriate  to  the  occasion  and  the  sub* 
ject — that  of  rearing  a  shaft  of  marble  in  memory  of  the  brave 
men  who  fought  and  died  for  a  cause  they  considered  just. 

To  the  invaluable  aid  of  the  press,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  As 
sociation  owe  much  of  their  success. 

October,  1878,  monument  unveiled.  The  officers  at  that  time 
were:  President,  Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake  (formerly  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Walton)  ;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  *Mrs.  John  T.  Miller; 
Vice-Presidents,  *Mrs.  J.  M'.  Adams,  *Mrs.  E.  M.  Whitehead, 
*Mrs.  J.  J.  Cohen,  *Mrs.  M.  Campfield,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Clark, 
*Mrs.  M.  A.  Dantforth,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Barrett,  Mrs.  J.  T.  May, 
Mrs.  M.  B.  Moore,  Mrs.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Mrs.  Bredenberg,  *Mrs.. 
Eastlebury. 

The  unveiling  occurred  in  October,  1878.  Upon  both  occa 
sions  there  was  a  grand  military  and  civic  display,  and  ad 
dresses  were  delivered  by  distinguished  orators.  Upon  the  lay 
ing  of  the  corner  stone  the  address  was  delivered  by  Gen.. 
Clement  A.  Evans,  and  upon  the  unveiling,  it  was  delivered  by 
Colonel  Charles  C.  Jones,  Jr.  The  monument  stands  seventy-six 
feet  high.  At  the  corner  of  the  first  section,  twenty  feet  from 
the  base,  are  heroic  size  marble  statues  of  Generals  E.  E.  Lee^ 
Stonewall  Jackson,  Thos.  E,  E.  Cobb  and  W.  H.  T.  Walker, 
representing  the  Confederate  Cause,  the  State  of  Georgia  and 
the  County  of  Eichmond,  in  which  Augusta  is  situated.  The 
second  section  contains  has  reliefs  of  Confederate  emblems,  the 
coat  of  arms  of  the  Confederacy  and  of  the  State  of  Georgia. 
The  obelisk  proper  rises  gracefully  to  its  commanding  height 
and  is  surmounted  with  an  heroic  size  private  Confederate  sol 
dier,  standing  "at  rest."  The  following  appropriate  inscriptions 
are  engraven  upon  the  tablets.  On  the  north  side : 

In  Memoriam : 

"No  nation  rose  so  white  and  fair, 
None  fell,  so  pure  of  crime." 

*  Deceased. 

—  110  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT 

Unveiled  1878. 
Augusta,  Georgia, 


On  the  south  side: 

Worthy 

to  have  lived  and  known 
Our  gratitude; 

Worthy 

to  be  hallowed  and  held 
in  tender   remembrance ; 

Worthy 

the  Fadeless  Fame  which 
Confederate   Soldiers 

won. 
Who  gave  themselves  in  life 

and  death  for  us; 

For  the  Honor  of  Georgia, 

For  the  Rights  of  the  States, 

For  the  Liberties  of  the  People, 

For  the  Sentiments  of  the  South, 

For  the   Principles   of  the  Union, 

As  these  were  handed  down  to  them 

By  the  Fathers  of  our  Common  Country. 

On  the  east  side: 

Our 

Confederate  Dead. 
On  the  west  side: 

Erected  A.   D.5    1878, 
By  The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Augusta, 

In  honor  of  the 
Men  of  Richmond  County, 

who  died 

In  the  Cause  of  the  Confederate  States. 

The  monument  was  unveiled  in  five  and  a  half  years  after 
it  was  undertaken  by  the  Association.  It  is  justly  considered 
one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  South,  and  stands  to-day  "the 
pride  of  Augusta  and  cynosure  of  every  Confederate  eye."  The 
Association  also  contributed  $150.00  to  the  fund  for  the  erec 
tion  of  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  Jefferson  Davis. 

Mrs.  John  T.  Miller,  who  had  served  the  Association  as  Sec 
retary  and  Treasurer  until  1883,  removed  to  another  city.  Her 
position  was  then  filled  by  Miss  Anna  Thew  until  1885,  when 
she  resigned,  and  Mrs.  J.  Jefferson  Thomas  was  elected  and 
held  the  office  until  1892,  when  she  also  changed  her  place  of 
residence,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  C.  A.  Eowland. 

Mrs.  F.  A.  Timberlake,  after  holding  the  office  of  President 
of  the  Association  for  twenty-seven  years,  resigned  in  Septem 
ber,  1900.  She  was  held  in  such  high  esteem  and  love,  and  her 
faithful  and  efficient  services  were  so  highly  appreciated  that 
she  was  made  Honorary  President  of  the  Association.  Mrs. 

—  in  — 


C.  A.  Eowland  was  elected  to  succeed  her  as  President,  and 
Mrs.  John  W.  Clark  became  First  Vice-President,  and  Miss 
Mary  A.  Hall,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Mrs.  Rowland,  who 
was  Miss  Kate  Whitehead,  of  Burke  County,  is  from  one 
of  the  oldest  Georgia  families,  and  during  her  young  wo 
manhood,  under  the  guidance  of  her  mother,  Mrs.  A.  G. 
Whitehead,  did  loyal  work  for  the  Soldiers'  Wayside  Home  at 
Millen,  Ga.,  of  which  her  mother  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
officers.  She  was  married  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  se 
cession  to  Mr.  C.  A.  Rowland,  of  Augusta,  Ga.  While  he  was 
fighting  under  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  in  that  masterful  re 
treat  through  Tennessee  and  Georgia,  she  was  a  devoted  worker 
in  making  hospital  and  soldier  supplies  at  the  Whitehead  fam 
ily  home,  the  well-known  Ivanhoe  Plantation,  in  Burke  County. 

Mrs.  Rowland  was  in  the  midst  of  sharp  fighting  during 
these  last  days  of  the  Confederacy  and  describes  vividly  many 
of  the  stirring  scenes.  Among  these,  she  tells  of  standing  with 
her  mother  on  the  front  piazza  of  the  old  Whitehead  home,  with 
the  rifle  balls  falling  about  their  feet,  while  a  cavalry  fight  raged 
in  the  grove  in  front  of  the  house. 

A  detachment  of  General  Kilpatrick's  cavalry  had  made  their 
headquarters  at  "Ivanhoe,"  and  General  Joe  Wheeler,  who  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  the  family,  learning  of  their  danger,  at 
tacked  the  enemy  and  put  them  to  flight. 

Mrs.  Rowland  is  an  active  and  zealous  worker  and  is  looked 
up  to  as  a  willing  leader  in  all  things  pertaining  to  the  cause 
so  dear  to  Southern  heartfe. 

The  membership  of  the  Association  numbers  between  900  and 
1,000,  it  having  been  tflie  plan  of  the  Association,  in  its  early 
organization,  to  make  members  of  the  Association  all  those  who 
contributed  to  the  fund  for  the  monument.  The  children  in 
tfhe  public  schools  at  that  time  were  also  made  members,  giving 
a  promise  that  they  would  make  a  wreath  each  year  for  the 
soldiers7  graves  on  M'-emorial  Day.  Though  many  of  these  chil 
dren  are  now  grown  and  married,  they  are  still  true  to  the  prom 
ise  made  in  their  childhood,  and  each  Memorial  Day  make  a 
wreath  to  be  placed  on  some  soldier's  grave.  Though  the 
plan  of  making  the  children  members  is  discontinued,  the 
Association,  desiring  to  keep  alive  the  interest  in  the  hearts 
of  the  children,  visit  the  public  schools  each  year  just  be 
fore  Memorial  Day,  and  request  each  child  to  make  a  wreath 

—  112  — 


for  decorating  the  soldiers'  graves  on  that  sacred  day,  to  which 
request  they  respond  very  generally. 

On  April  26,  1894,  the  officers  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  organized  the  Augusta  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  became  members  themselves,  thereby  insur 
ing  to  their  children  the  perpetuation  of  the  work  they  have  so 
nobly  begun.  There  is  now  a  branch  of  "The  Children  of  the 
Confederacy"  here,  which  has  a  good  membership. 

The  special  work  of  the  Association  now  is  to  care  for  the 
graves  of  our  hero  dead,  and  to  keep  alive  the  hallowed  and 
cherished  memories  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  by  the  appro 
priate  observance  of  Memorial  Day.  In  this  they  have  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  the 
Confederate  survivors  and  the  State  Military. 

The  Association  has  raised,  since  its  first  organization,  the 
sum  of  $20,934.04.  The  amount  has  been  expended  in  the 
following  manner:  Soldiers'  section,  $2,606.46;  design  of  mon 
ument,  $500.00;  foundation  and  laying  the  corner  stone  of 
monument,  $14,490.00;  granite  steps  and  coping,  $1,185.00; 
making  the  total  expenditure  to  date,  $20,351.66,  and  the  total 
cost  of  the  monument,  $17,331.34.  These  expenditures  have 
all  been  promptly  met  by  the  Association,  and  the  monument 
is  now  paid  for  and  complete.  Mr.  Markwalter,  the  contractor, 
deserves  the  greatest  credit,  and  his  work  exhibits  no  fault  nor 
flaw.  Such  then  is  the  history  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  of  Augusta,  Ga,,  and  the  vast  crowd  that  gathered  to 
assist  at  the  imposing  ceremonies  of  the  unveiling  of  the  monu 
ment  demonstrated  the  appreciation  of  the  community  for  its 
loving  labors. 

At  the  Fourth  Annual  Convention  of  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association,  held  in  New  Orleans,  May, 
1903,  Miss  Mary  A.  Hall,  the  faithful  and  efficient  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  of  this  Association,  was  elected  Historian  of  the 
Confederation. 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
BRUNSWICK,  GEORGIA. 

Mrs.  Maria  Morris  Madden,  President  of  the  Memorial  As 
sociation  of  Brunswick,  Georgia,  has  been  one  of  the  most  en 
thusiastic  Presidents  in  all  the  Southland;  her  zea)  has  known 

—  113—  r  i 


no  abatement  since  the  war.  Fifteen  years  ago  it  was  her  privi 
lege  to  organize  the  Memorial  Association  of  Brunswick,  Geor 
gia.  She  has  been  the  most  ardent  worker,  and  is  to-day  its 
principal  support.  For  years  she  worked  and  planned,  fight 
ing  against  heavy  odds;  to-day  she  has  her  reward.  The  Asso 
ciation  is  active  and  as  truly  patriotic  as  any  to  be  found  in 
the  South.  She  is  sustained  by  a  few  old  ladies,  and  with  their 
aid  has  erected  a  pretty  monument1  to  perpetuate  the  memory 
of  those  who  nobly  fought  and  died  for  a  Cause  never  to  be  for 
gotten.  The  monument  stands  in  our  beautiful  Hanover  Park. 
The  officers  of  the  Association  are:  Mrs.  Maria  Morris  Mad 
den,  President;  Mrs.  Sarah  Price,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Fran 
ces  Smith,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Annie  Hunter,  Secretary.  Mrs, 
Maria  Morris  Madden  was  born  May  9th,  1841,  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia.  Her  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
prominent  in  Georgia.  Her  father  was  Captain  William 
Charles  Strother  Morris,  a  wealthy  planter;  she  inherits  his 
patriotism.  Though  past  the  age  for  service,  he  raised  a  com 
pany  of  one  hundred  men  and  joined  Cobb's  Legion  in  August, 
1861.  The  uniforms  of  this  company  were  paid  for  by  her 
uncle,  Major  John  C.  Poythress,  of  Waynesboro,  Burke  County, 
and  in  his  honor  the  company  was  named  the  "Poythress  Vol 
unteers."  They  fought  bravely  through  many  battles  in  Vir 
ginia  and  Maryland.  Major  Poythress  was  a  very  old  and  in 
firm  gentleman,  aged  seventy-five  years.  Captain  Morris  re 
mained  at  the  front,  until  impaired  in  health,  he  was  forced 
to  retire.  Mrs.  Madden's  mother  was  Miss  Susan  Walker,  of 
Burke  County,  Georgia,  a  most  lovely  and  highly  cultivated 
lady.  Mrs.  Madden  married  Adjutant  General  Thomas  Spauld- 
ing  Mclntosh,  of  Savannah,  Georgia,  July  3d,  1861.  Major 
Mclntosh  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg  on  September* 
17th,  1862.  In  1868  she  married  Dr.  James  M.  Madden,  of 
Florida.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Tulane  University  at  New 
Orleans,  La.,  and  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Confederate  army. 
Since  her  marriage  to  Dr.  Madden  she  has  lived  in  Bruns 
wick,  Georgia,  known  and  loved  by  all.  Her  sincerity  and 
utter  freedom  from  all  uncliaritableness  has  endeared  her  to 
many.  She  has  a  beautiful  home  and  many  objects  in  life  to 
interest  her,  but  few  things  are  dearer  to  her  heart  than  the 
care  of  tne  Confederate  graves.  The  money  for  the  monu 
ment  was  raised  by  entertainments  and  the  annual  dues  of  the 

—  114  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled    1902. 
Brunswick,  Georgia. 


members  of  the  Memorial  Association.  The  monument  was 
unveiled  on  April  26th,  1903.  Colonel  Albert  Cox  was  the 
orator  on  that  impressive  occasion.  The  only  donation  re 
ceived  was  from  Miss  M.  Lee,  the  daughter  of  our  beloved 
Robert  E.  Lee.  The  City  Council  assisted  us  in  laying  the 
foundation  of  the  monument.  This  monument  is  beautifully 
proportioned.  It  is  twenty  feet  high,  made  of  white  stone. 
On  top  is  a  marble  statue  of  a  private  soldier.  The  following 
inscriptions  are  on  each  side  of  the  monument: 

Confederate  States 

of 

America. 
Lord,  God  of  hosts, 

be  with  us  yet, 
Lest  we  forget,  lest  we  forget. 

Erected  April  26th,   1902, 
Brunswick,   Georgia. 

A  tribute  of  love 

from  the  Ladies'   Memorial  Association 

to  the  heroes  of  the  Confederacy 

of  1861  to   1865. 

"Gather  the  sacred  dust 

of  warriors 

tried  and  true, 

who  bore  the  flag 

of  a  nation's  trust, 

and  fell  in  a 
Cause,   though   lost, 

still  just,  and 
died  for  you  and  me." 

In  honor  of  the 

Confederate  soldiers 

who  died  to  repel 

unconstitutional  invasion, 

to  protect  the  rights 

reserved  to  the  people, 

to  perpetuate  forever 

the  sovereignty  of 

the  States. 


—  115  — 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
COLUMBUS,  GEOEGIA. 

As  the  curtain  rose  on  the  great  tragedy  of  the  war  between 
the  States  the  women  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  were  prominent  in 
the  theatre  of  action,  and  during  the  four  years  struggle  no 
women  played  a  more  important  part. 

In  order  to  still  minister  to  the  wants  and  comforts  of  those 
dear  ones,  who  for  love  of  home  and  country  had  nobly  gone  to 
the  front  in  their  defense,  some  concert  of  action  was  necessary 
on  the  part  of  the  women.  In  response  to  a  call  through  the 
Daily  Sun,  a  meeting  of  the  ladies  was  held  at  Temperance 
Hall,  May  21st,  1861.  At  this  meeting  it  was  determined  to 
organize  a  society,  to  be  known  as  the  Soldiers'  Friend  or  Aid 
Society.  Its  objects  were  to  provide  food,  clothing  and  hos 
pital  stores  for  the  soldiers.  Mrs.  Absolom  H.  Chappell  was 
elected  President;  Mrs.  Eobert  Carter,  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
John  A.  Urquhart,  Secretary;  Mrs.  Eichard  Patten,  Treasurer. 

Another  meeting  to  complete  the  organization  was  held  next 
day  at  the  Baptist  Church,  May  22d,  1861.  Thus  was  perfected 
the  organization  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society — destined  to  be 
come  an  instrument  of  much  good,  and  such  a  powerful  and 
efficient  organ  that  it  is  mentioned  in  the  history  of  Columbus, 
Ga.,  by  Thos.  Gilbert,  in  connection  with  the  military  com 
panies  formed  and  the  manufactories  of  1861. 

The  work  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  was  systematic,  relia 
ble  and  unselfish.  Regular  meetings  were  held  at  their  rooms 
at  the  Perry  House.  Directresses  were  appointed  weekly  to  cut 
out  and  supervise  the  making  of  garments  for  the  soldiers. 
The  Society  was  in  communication  in  every  available  way  with 
the  boys  at  the  front,  and  as  their  demands  increased,  these 
women  rose  to  meet  them.  In  response  to  an  appeal  from  the 
Quartermaster  General,  "that  every  woman  in  the  State  of 
Georgia  knit  a  pair  of  socks  for  the  soldiers,"  the  Aid  Society 
gives  notice,  through  the  Daily  Times  of  December  30th,  1862, 
proposing  to  "pack  and  forward  all  socks  sent  in  response  to 
this  appeal."  The  work  accomplished  through  the  instru 
mentality  of  this  Society  is  almost  incredible.  In  an  official 
statement  mention  is  thus  made:  "Received  of  the  Soldiers* 
Aid  Society  3,012  garments,  84  pairs  socks,  695  garments,  100 
pairs  socks."  Another  account  reads  as  follows : 

—  us  — 


MRS.  ROBERT  CARTER, 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association, 

1866-1898, 
Columbus,  Georgia. 


"  Dalton,  Feb.  9,  1864. 
"Mrs.  Rolt.  Carter,  Pres.  Soldiers'  Friend  Society: 

"  DEAR  MADAM — I  have  the  pleasure  to  acknowledge  the 
second  donation  received  from  your  beneficent  Society — 1,200 
prs.  of  socks,  400  blankets,  etc.,  etc. 

"  J.  E.  JOHNSTON/' 

Other  societies  formed  during  the  war,  as  well  as  private 
contributions,  materially  aided  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  and 
increased  its  capacity  for  usefulness.  Mention  must  be  made  of 
the  "  Florence  Nightingale  Young  Ladies'  Knitting  Society," 
"  The  Patriotic  Club  " — while  none  the  less  zealous  were  Madame 
Bail-in!  and  her  pupils;  Profs.  Chase  and  Clark,  assisted  by 
home  talent,  Harry  McCarthy  (the  author  of  the  "  Bonnie  Blue 
Flag")  ;  the  Empire  Band  under  the  leadership  of  W.  A.  Pond, 
in  giving  concerts;  Mrs.  A.  G.  Redd,  under  whose  direction 
the  Christmas  Tree  yielded  such  a  fruitage  of  dollars — as  well 
as  the  tableaux  vivant  by  Mrs.  Anna  Rina  Thomas  (afterward 
Mrs.  Thos.  Chapman).  At  first  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers 
were  cared  for  in  the  homes  of  the  members  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid 
Society,  but  as  the  number  increased  the  need  of  a  hospital  was 
seen  and  felt.  The  explosion  of  a  gunboat  that  was  sent  down 
the  Chattahoochee  River  to  protect  the  water  ways  rendered  the 
hospital  a  necessity.  On  May  14th,  1862,  the  wooden  building 
located  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Thomas  (now  9th  Street), 
was  loaned  to  the  Soldiers  Aid  Society  and  bread-stuff  donated 
by  Mr.  George  W.  Woodruff,  bedding  and  furniture  was  pro 
cured,  and  the  building  thus  equipped  served  as  a  hospital  during 
the  remainder  of  the  war.  The  place  of  meeting  of  the  Soldiers' 
Aid  Society  was  then  changed  from  the  Perry  House  to  the  cor 
ner  of  Broad  and  Crawford  (now  10th  Street)  in  order  to  be 
near  the  hospital.  The  members  became  nurses — delicacies  were 
prepared  for  the  soldier  patients;  a  new  experience  each  day  is 
theirs.  With  lips  compressed  they  force  back  their  tears,  while 
they  write  letters  to  distant  and  sorowing  mothers,  or  soothe  the 
fevered  pillow;  perhaps  it  is  theirs  to  send  a  lock  of  hair  to  far 
away  sweethearts;  and,  oftentimes  prepare  them  for  burial. 
With  all  this  unusual  experience  they  are  giving  direction  for 
the  practical  affairs  of  the  home  in  the  absence  of  father  and 
husband — bearing  alike  the  burden  of  woman's  devotion  and 
of  man's  care.  As  the  resources  of  the  South  grow  less,  we 
find  an  increase  of  donations  made  through  the  Soldiers'  Aid 

—  117  — 


Society.  Is  this  strange  ?  It  means  that  the  plantation  supplies 
are  furnishing  hospital  stores,  the  wines  from  the  cellars,  the 
provisions  from  the  pantries,  and  in  many  cases  the  actual  neces 
sities  of  life  are  sent  from  the  homes  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society 
to  strengthen  and  maintain  those  in  the  "  deadly  fight."  Thus 
was  woman  performing  her  part  in  the  service  of  her  country  in 
the  time  of  war.  The  establishment  of  the  Wayside  Home  near 
the  Union  Depot  was  an  enterprise  in  a  new  direction,  and  gave 
the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  the  opportunity  of  furnishing  food  to 
the  troops,  in  passing  through,  and  also  served  as  a  hospital. 
It  was  not  enough  for  these  faithful  women  to  send  garments 
made  by  their  hands  and  socks  knit  under  their  direction.  It 
was  not  enough  to  cut  up  their  carpets  and  make  them  into 
blankets  to  send  to  the  soldier  boys,  or  to  deplete  their  houses  of 
cherished  brasses  to  mold  into  cannons.  It  was  not  enough  to 
sit  by  the  soldier's  bedside  through  weary  hours  of  anxious 
watching — not  enough,  not  near  enough.  It  was  for  them  to 
keep  burning  the  beacon  light  of  hope  in  the  fire  damp  of  adverse 
odds,  when  "  even  G-od's  Providence  seemed  estranged."  Witness 
two  circular  letters.  One  written  in  1861  and  the  other  in  1864, 
urging  and  influencing  the  downhearted  soldiers  to  re-enlist. 
To  these  letters  signature  after  signature  is  affixed.  The  paper 
adds  this  legend,  "  for  want  of  space  many  names  are  omitted." 
The  first  of  these  letters  which  follows  was  re-published  in  the 
Atlanta  Journal,  during  the  Confederate  Ee-union  in  1898, 
through  the  instrumentality  of  Jno.  0.  Casler,  of  Oklahoma: 

"  SOLDIERS — The  President,  Congress,  the  public  press  and 
your  generals  have  told  you  their  high  estimate  of  your  noble 
devotion  in  re-enlisting  for  the  war.  We  also,  as  your  mothers, 
wives,  daughters,  sisters  and  friends,  claim  the  right  to  thank 
you.  It  is  the  grandest  act  of  the  revolution,  and  secures  immor 
tality  to  all  concerned  in  it.  It  awakens  anew  the  enthusiasm 
with  which  we  began  this  struggle  for  liberty,  and  removes  all 
doubt  of  eventual  success.  Such  men  in  such  a  cause  can  not 
be  overcome.  In  the  dreariness  of  camp  life  you  may  have 
sometimes  imagined  yourselves  forgotten  or  little  cared  for. 
Counting  up  your  privations  and  danger  you  may  have  doubted 
their  full  appreciation  and  fancied  that  those  who  stay  at  home 
and  risk  nothing,  while  you  suffer  and  bleed,  are  more  esteemed 
than  yourselves. 

We  beseech  you,  harbor  no  such  thought.    You  are  constantly 

—  118  — 


present  to  OUT  minds.  The  women  of  the  South  bestow  all  their 
respect  and  affection  on  the  heroes  who  defend  them  against  a 
barbarous  and  cruel  foe.  In  the  resolution  to  aid  you,  they  are 
as  firm  and  determined  as  you  in  yours,  not  to  lay  down  your 
arms  until  Independence  is  won.  When  the  sacred  vow  shall 
have  been  accomplished  your  reception  by  us,  will  more  than 
attest  our  sincerety.  It  shall  also  be  shown  while  the  contest 
goes  on,  by  our  efforts  to  increase  your  comfort  in  the  field  and 
to  lighten  the  burden  of  the  dear  ones  left  at  home.  For  your 
stricken  country's  sake  and  for  ours  be  true  to  yourselves  and  to 
our  glorious  cause.  Never  turn  your  backs  on  the  flag,  nor 
desert  the  ranks  of  honor,  or  the  post  of  danger.  Men  guilty 
of  such  infamy,  sell  your  blood  and  our  honor  and  give  up  the 
Confederacy  to  its  wicked  invaders.  In  after  years  from  genera 
tion  to  generation  the  black  title  of  tory  and  deserter  will  cling 
to  them,  disgracing  their  children's  children.  But  no  stigma 
like  this  will  stain  you  and  yours.  Brave,  patriotic,  self-sacri 
ficing  in  time  of  war,  you  will  be  honored  in  peace,  as  the  saviors 
•of  your  country  and  the  pride  and  glory  of  your  country  women. 
We  beg  you  to  keep  near  your  hearts  these  memorials  of  affection 
and  respect,  and  to  remember  them  especially  in  battle,  and  we 
invoke  for  you  always  the  protection  of  a  kind  and  merciful 
Providence. 

Mrs.  S.  C.  Law,  Mrs.  Julia  Brice,  Mrs.  Eosa  Aubrey,  Mrs.  E. 
Hardaway,  Mrs.  Patten,  Mrs.  Buckley,  Mrs.  A.  C.  Flewellen, 
Mrs.  A.  B.  Longstreet,  Mrs.  John  Banks,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Hurt,  Mrs. 
Goetchius,  Mrs.  T.  M.  Nelson,  Mrs.  Dexter,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Ben- 
ning,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Tarpley,  Mrs.  J.  Dawson,  Miss  L.  Eutherford, 
Miss  S.  Threewitts,  Miss  Anna  Bennett,  Miss  Lou  Hurt,  Miss 
M.  T.  Shorter,  Miss  Eorrance,  Miss  Anna  Leonard,  Misses 
Shepherd,  Mrs.  C.  Shorter,  Mrs.  James  Warren,  Mrs.  T.  Three 
witts,  Mrs.  James  A.  Shorter,  Mrs.  William  Woolfolk,  Mrs.  E. 
Patten,  Mrs.  E.  Ware,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Gordon,  Mrs.  E.  Q.  C.  Lamar, 
Mrs.  E.  P.  Malone,  Mrs.  Eobert  Carter,  Mrs.  D.  Hudson, 
Mrs.  M.  D.  Flournoy,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Hill,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Aber- 
•crombie,  Mrs.  D.  Ticknor,  Miss  C.  Eagland,  Miss  E. 
lloffett,  Miss  M.  E.  Dawson,  Miss  B.  Hardwick,  Miss 
Anna  Tyler,  Misses  Malone,  Misses  Hardaway,  Mrs.  L.  E. 
Carries,  Mrs.  B.  Gordon,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Flournoy,  Mrs.  Vir 
ginia  Sneed,  Mrs.  Ferguson,  Mrs.  E.  Shepherd,  Mrs.  Eodgers, 
Mrs.  M.  Meigs,  Mrs.  D.  Moffett,  Mrs.  Aug.  Ekskine,  Mrs.  L. 
Illges,  Mrs.  A.  Shepherd,  Mrs.  C.  Walker,  Mrs.  Wm.  Chambers, 
Mrs.  Anne  Dawson,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Shorter,  Mrs.  E.  Munnerlyn, 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Strother,  Miss  Eodgers,  Miss  Tarpley,  Miss  Lila 

—  119  — 


Howard,,  Miss  Buckley,  Misses  Ellington,  Misses  Benning,  Mrs. 
E.  R.  Hodges,  Mrs.  Seaborn  Jones,  Mrs.  P.  H.  Colquitt,  Mrs. 
Shoaf,  Mrs.  L.  M.  Gale,  Mrs.  George  Woodruff,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Wil 
liams,  Mrs.  C.  T.  Abercrombie,  Mrs.  A.  G-.  Redd,  Mrs.  John 
Carter,  Mrs.  Robert  Carter,  Mrs.  S.  E.  Wilkins,  Mrs.  L.  Gv 
Bowers,  Mrs.  H.  Burnham,  Mrs.  A.  Lowther,  Miss  C.  F.  Har- 
groves,  Miss  Sue  Banks^  Miss  Anna  Forsyth,  Miss  Mary  Hodges, 
Miss  M.  M.  Gordon,  Miss  V.  Mason,  Misses  Abercrombie. 

The  second  letter  was  to  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  in  Decem 
ber,  1864,  and  was  republished  in  the  Enquirer  Sun,  Feb.  2, 
1902. 

The  following  is  the  address: 
"Soldiers  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee-' 

"The  ladies  of  Columbus,  fully  aware  of  the  severe  reverses 
which  have  befallen  you  in  Tennessee,  but  appreciating  the 
matchless  valor  so  often  displayed  by  you,  ever  mindful  of  the 
noble  patriotism  which  has  enabled  you  to  undergo  hardships 
and  privations  of  no  ordinary  character — cherishing  the  he 
roic  and  chivalric  bearing  exhibited  by  you  on  every  field,  from 
Shiloh  to  Franklin,  bid  you  God  speed  in  the  task  you  have  as 
sumed.  The  country  may  become  demoralized,  but  the  women 
and  army  will  ever  be  undismayed  and  undaunted.  Human 
courage  approaches  perfection  only  when  it  can  calmly  look  into 
the  face  of  danger.  It  has  been  your  fortune  to  exhibit  this 
high  type  of  manliness  in  a  marked  degree.  Confronted  by  a 
foe  always  numerically  superior,  you  have  disputed  every  inch 
of  the  territory  with  him  and  retired  only  when  bravery  availed 
nothing.  Thank  God,  the  spirit  that  animated  the  martyred 
dead  who  have  fallen  in  this  contest  for  freedom  still  lives  within 
you.  We  have  no  fears  for  the  future.  Our  honor  and  welfare 
are  in  the  keeping  of  brave  hearts  and  strong  arms.  Debarred 
from  sharing  with  you  the  dangers  of  the  battlefield,  our  prayer 
shall  follow  you,  and  history,  in  recording  your  virtues,  will 
write  in  letters  of  living  light. 

THEY  ENDURED  AND  CONQUERED. 

There  are  attached  to  this  address  the  names  of  a  large  num 
ber  of  the  best  known  women  of  Columbus.  Many  of  them  are 
now  dead.  In  the  list  printed  below  a  star  indicates  that  the 
signer  is  now  dead.  There  is  a  note  at  the  bottom  of  the  list 
which  says  that  "for  want  of  space  many  names  are  omitted."" 
The  list  is  as  follows : 

—  120  — 


* 


: 


MRS.  LOUIS  F.  GARRARD, 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 

Columbus,  Georgia. 


*Mrs.  Seaborn  Jones,  *Mrs.  Henry  L.  Benning,  *Mrs.  S.  K. 
Hodges,  Sr.,  *Mrs.  Richard  Patten,  *Mrs.  A.  F.  Marshall,  *Mrs. 
J.  W.  McAllister,  *Mrs.  Charles  Williams,  *Mrs.  Elizabeth  G. 
Howard,  *Mrs.  Thacker  Howard,  Sr.,  *Mrs.  A.  S.  Rutherford, 
*Mrs.  H.  T.  Hall,  Mrs.  R.  J.  Hunter,  Mrs.  J.  Collier,  *Mrs.  J. 
Fogle,   *Mrs.  Wylie  E.   Jones,   *Mrs.   A^E.   Shepherd,   *Mrs. 
Charles  Rodgers,  *Mrs.  Davenport  P.  Ellis,  *Mrs.  Calvin  John 
son,  *Mrs.  A.  deLaunay,  Mrs.  James  Rankin,  Mrs.  Robert  Lock- 
hart,    *Mrs.    Goettinger,    *Mrs.    Richard  LocLhart,    Sr.,    *Mrs. 
Anna  Thomas,  *Mrs.  R.  B.  Gunby,  Mrs.  Henry  Mitchell,  *Mrs. 
W.  H.  Young,  Mrs.  William  Rawson,  *Mrs.  Josephus  Echols, 
Mrs.  Charles  Harrison,   *Mrs.( Dr.)  Woodruff,   Mrs.  Charles  Dex 
ter,  Mrs.  Kittrell  Hodges,  *Mrs.  William  Gray,  *Mrs.  Charles 
Ellis,  Mrs.  K.  J.  B.  Backnam,  Mrs.  Frank  Dillard,  *Mrs.  Thos. 
Speer,  Mrs.  Charles  Redd,  Mrs.  Wm.  Redd,  *Mrs.  A.  G.  Redd, 
*Mrs.  (Dr.)  Boswell,    Mrs.  A.  H.  Chappell.    *Mrs.  Grigsby  E. 
Thomas,  Mrs.  Augustus  Shingleur,  *Mrs.  H.  Moffett,  Mrs.  E. 
L.  Winn,  *Mrs.  L.  Beach,  *Mrs.  James  Shorter,  *Mrs.  Henry 
Meigs,  Mrs.  Aubry,  Mrs.  Julia  Brice,  *Mrs.  James  K.  Redd, 
Mrs.  L.  W.  Isbell,   *Mrs.  R.  J.  Moses.   Mrs.  (Rev.)  C.  K.  Marshal, 
*Mrs.  (Rev.)  W.  P.  Harrison,   *Mrs.  (Rev.)  J.  H.  Devotie,  Mrs.  E. 
M.  Higgins,  Mrs.  Hawkes,  Mrs.  Hardin,  Mrs.  Martin  J.  Craw 
ford,  Mrs.  Bennett,  Mrs.   M.  P.  Turner.   Mrs.  Shaff,  *Mrs.   Brad 
Chapman,  Mrs.  S.  S.  Scott,  *Mrs.  J.  Rhodes  Browne,  *Mrs.  John 
D.  Carter,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Mott,  Mrs.  John  Bass,  *Mrs.  A.  E.  Mc- 
Kendrie,  *Mrs.  W.  W.  Robinson,  Mrs.  A.  DeMoss,  Mrs.  C.  G. 
Holmes,  *Mrs.  Alex  McDougald,  *Mrs.  (Dr.)  Billing,  *Mrs.  R. 

B.  Murdoch,  *Mrs.  E.  S.  Greenwood,  *Mrs.  R.  R.   Goetchius, 
*Mrs.  M.  P.  Ellis,  *Mrs.  M.  H.  Dessau,  *Mrs.  Thomas  Chillers,. 
*Mrs.  Sterling  Grimes,  *Mrs.  David  Adams,  Mrs.  J.  W.  King, 
Mrs.  John  Kyle,  *Mrs.  J.  F.  Ridgeway,  Mrs.  Wm.  Clark,  Mrs. 

C.  J.  Tisdale,  *Mrs.  Robert  Carter,  *Mrs.  John  Flournoy,  *Mrs. 
Van  Lennard,  Sr.,  *Mrs.  John  A.  Jones,  *Mrs.  John  Ferguson, 
Mrs.   Tarpley,   Mrs.   Buckley,   Mrs.   Wm.   Woolfolk,   Mrs.   Joe 
Woolfolk,  Mrs.(Dr.)Ticknor,  Mrs.  Torrey,  Mrs.  Geo.  Woodruff, 
*Mrs.  James  Chambers,  Mrs.  C.  M.  Walker,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Winter, 
Mrs.  E.  Abercrombie,  Mrs.  Sallie  Wilkins,  *Mrs.  John  Colbert, 
*Mrs.  Edward  Shepherd,  Mrs.  John  Banks,  *Mrs.  R.  L.  Bard- 
welL  *Mrs.  John  Dawson,  *Mrs.  T.  B.  Threewitts,  *Mrs.  Chas. 
F.  Hopkins,  Mrs.  A.   C.  Flewellen,  *Mrs.  Early  Hurt,  *Mrs. 
Peyton  Colquitt,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Warren,  *Mrs.  L.  G.  Bowers,  *Mrs. 
Wm.  Bedell,  *Mrs.  J.  A.  Tyler,  *Mrs.  Frank  Malone,  *Miss  Liz 
zie  Rutherford,  *Miss  Lila  Howard,  *Miss  M.  Marshal,  *Miss 
Hettie  McAllister,  Miss  Mary  Hodges,  Misses  Patten,  Misses 
Williams,  Misses  Benning,   Misses  DeLaunay,  Misses   Ruther 
ford,  Miss  Mattie  Fogle,  Misses  Speer,  Misses  Ellington,  Miss 
Anna  Forsyth,  Miss  Callie  Hargroves,  Miss  Lou  Spencer,  Miss 

*  Deceased. 

—  121  — 


Susie  Briggs,  Miss  Mollie  Murdock,  Miss  Rebecca  Chappell,  Miss 
'Gertrude  Dillard,  Miss  Kate  Humphries,  *Miss  Julia  Evans, 
Miss  Fannie  King,  Miss  Mamie  Bethune;,  Miss  Susie  Robert 
son,  Miss  Cleghom,  Misses  Marshal,  Misses  Hardaway,  Misses 
Robinson,  Misses  Boswell,  Miss  McDougald,  Misses  Shivers, 
*Misses  Kimbrough,  Miss  Anna  Lennard,  Miss  Mary  Chambers, 
Misses  Banks,  Misses  Tyler,  Miss  Shepherd,  Miss  Eliza  Moses, 
Miss  Nina  Moses,  *Miss  Anna  Bennett,  *Miss  Mollie  Thomas, 
Misses  Ragland,  Misses  Hardwick,  Miss  E.  Colbert,  Miss  An 
nie  Grimes,  Miss  Munn,  Miss  Theresa  Shorter,  Miss  Hennie 
Meigs,  Miss  Johnnie  Grant,  Miss  Annie  Torrey,  Miss  Alice 
trray,  Miss  Warnie  Chapman,  *Miss  Sal  lie  Davis,  Miss  Julia 
Carter,  Miss  Georgia  Warren,  Misses  Garrard,  Miss  Mitchell, 
Misses  Abercrombie. 

In  1899,  Major  A.  C.  Crawford,  Adjutant  of  Jeff.  Davis  Camp, 
United  Confederate  Veterans,  of  Birmingham,  Ala.,  en  route 
for  the  Charleston  Reunion,  entered  the  coach  chartered  by 
Camp  Benning,  of  Columbus,  Ga.  He  inquired  if  any  of  the 
Tyler  family  were  aboard.  Mrs.  E.  Gray  (nee  Alice  Tyler)  re 
sponded.  She  presented  the  Major  to  Miss  A.  0.  Benning,  Presi 
dent  Lizzie  Rutherford  Chapter,  United  Daughters  of  the  Con 
federacy.  Major  Oxford  told  of  his  first  acquaintance  with  the 
Tylers, — how,  when  Wheeler's  Cavalry  was  encamped  on  the 
hills  of  the  east  commons,  on  the  skirts  'of  Columbus,  he  was 
returning  one  day  to  headquarters,  when  a  little  boy  ran  after 
him  saying:  "Mr.  Soldier,  my  mamma  says  won't  you  come  to 
—to — dinner?"  "Mr.  Soldier"  accepted  that  and  many  suc 
cessive  invitations.  Major  Oxford  continued — "God  bless  the 
noble  women  of  Columbus, — that  letter  of  theirs  in  1864  caused 
thousands  of  heart-sick  soldiers  to  re-enlist.  I  myself  held  the 
lightwood  knot,  while  General  Beauregard  read  it  to  them  that 
night  in  Columbus.  I  have  kept  it  from  that  time,  all  spotted 
with  pitch  that  dropped  on  it  as  the  General  read."  Then  a 
promise  was  made  to  send  it  to  the  two  ladies,  that  they,  too, 
might  read  the  original.  The  promise  was  kept,  and  after  its 
careful  reading  it  was  returned  to  the  owner,  Major  Oxford,  with 
the  request  that  he  bequeath  it  to  Lizzie  Rutherford  Chapter, 
United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy.  Almost  immediately 
back  came  the  treasured  letter,  beautifully  framed,  to  be  pre 
sented,  through  Mrs.  M.  E.  Gray,  to  the  Chapter,  in  behalf  of 
Major  Oxford.  To-day  it  adorns  the  walls  of  the  Bivouac  of 
Camp  Benning  511, — where  the  Veterans,  Memorial  Asociation, 

*  Deceased. 

—  122  — 


Lizzie  Rutherford  Chapter,  United  Daughters  of  the  Confed 
eracy,  Paul  J.  Semmes  Chapter  Children  of  the  Confederacy, 
hold  vigil  to  Dixie.     After  the  Crucifixion  of  the  Confederacy, 
in  April,  1865,  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  had  no  soldiers  to  aid. 
All  that  is  left  to  them  of  this  savior  of  National  Rights  is  the 
sepulchre.    Verily  these  Marys  guard  their  dead.    No  money  is 
theirs  to  buy  a  marble  slab,  or  even  a  wooden  marker,  but  here' 
she  transplants  the  choicest  flowers  of  her  garden  and  conse 
crates  them  with  her  tears.     From  the  ruins  of  a  government 
building  burnt  by  the  Federal  General,  Henry  G.  Wilson    (after 
the  surrender  of  General  Lee),  the  young  girls,  in  their  soft, 
white  arms,  bring  the  smoky,  grim,  broken  bricks  reverently,  and 
tenderly  they  outline  with  them,  the  narrow  bed  where  the  sol 
diers  sleep  their  last  sleep.     The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association, 
like  the  Phoenix,  rose  from  the  ashes  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  So 
ciety,  which  was  consumed  in  the  fires  that  burnt  the  Confed 
eracy.     The  parent  organization  was  born  under  the  shadow  of 
the  altar  of  the  Baptist  Church,  May  21st,  1861.     The  Memo 
rial  Association  was  organized  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  John  Tyler, 
early  in  1866.     The  faithful,  untiring,  efficient,  unselfish  work 
of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  would  form  a  chapter  of  its  own. 
After  the  cessation  of  hostilities  the  thought  that  stirred  their 
hearts  was  that  of  beautifying  the  last  resting  place  of  those  who- 
had  died  in  hospital  or  home.     They  had  already  assumed  the 
care,  and  regular  times  of  meeting  were  appointed  to  work  in 
the  lots,  in  Linwood  Cemetery,  that  has  been  set  apart  by  the 
city  as  the  Soldiers'  Reserve.     On  one  occasion,  in  1866,  the 
ladies  had  been  there  at  work  with  city  carts  under  their  direc 
tion.     As  two  of  them  strolled  leisurely  homeward,  late  in  the 
afternoon,  Miss  Lizzie  Rutherford  said  to  her  friend,  Mrs.  Jane 
E.  Martin,  that  "she  thought  it  would  be  well  to  set  apart  one 
day  to  be  annually  observed  as  a  Memorial  to  the  Confederate 
Soldiers,  and  to  place  flowers  on  their  graves."   Mrs.  Martin  re 
plied,  "she  thought  the  idea  a  beautiful  one,"  and,  on  meeting 
Mrs.  Jones,  the  widow  of  Colonel  John  A.  Jones,  of  Columbus, 
Ga.,  the  three  conversed  together,  and  Lizzie  Rutherford  told 
of  her  idea  of  a  "Memorial  Day."    She  stated  in  substaance,  that 
as  Secretary  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society,  she  would  have  to  call 
a  meeting  of  the  Society  to  decide  what  disposition  to  make  of 
the  hospital  property,  and  at  that  meeting  the  subject  could  be 
freely  discussed.     This  meeting  was  subsequently  held  at  the 

—  123  — 


home  of   Mrs.   John   Tyler.      The   suggestion   of  a   Memorial 
Day  met  with  favor  among  the  members,  and  it  was  adopted 
so  quickly  that  it  seemed  a  simultaneous  throb  from  every  heart. 
The    Soldiers'    Aid    Society   resolved   itself   into   the   Ladies7 
Memorial  Association  of  Columbus,  Ga.     At  this  meeting  Mrs. 
Robert  Carter,  the  President  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society,  was 
made  President  of  the  Memorial  Association,  and  continued  in 
that  office,  until  her  death,  January  17th,  1898.     Mrs.  Robert 
A.  Ware  was  elected  First  Vice-President,  and  continued  in  that 
office  from  1866  until  the  date  of  her  death,  January  30th,  1896. 
Mrs.  J.  A.  McAllister  was  at  this  meeting  made  Second  Vice- 
President,  and  continued  in  this  office  until  the  date  of  her 
death,  1895.    Mrs.  Charles  Williams  was  made  Secretary.   Mrs: 
Richard  Patten,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society,  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  Memorial  Association,  which  office  she 
held  until  her  resignation,  in  1873 — •when  she  was  succeeded  by 
Mrs.  Dexter,  the  present  Secretary.    There  were  present  at  this 
meeting  Mrs.  John  Tyler,  Miss  Anna  Tyler,  Miss  Mary  Tyler, 
Mrs.  Robert  Carter,  Mrs.  Robert  A.  Ware,  Mrs.  McAllister,  Mrs. 
W.  G.  Woolfolk,  Mrs.  Charles  Dexter,  Mrs.  Richard  Patten,  and 
Mrs.  Charles  Williams.     (Mrs.  Woolfolk  and  Mrs.  Dexter  are 
sole  survivors  of  this  meeting.)     The  Secretary,  Mrs.  Williams, 
was  requested  by  the  Memorial  Association  to  ask  the  aid  of  the 
press  and  to  make  an  appeal  to  all  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Societies 
throughout    the     South    to    become    Memorial     Associations, 
and     thus     give     their     co-operation     in     making     Memorial 
Day,  April  26th,  a  general  custom,  the  Sabbath  of  the  South. 
The   eloquent   pen   of   the    Secretary   inspired   the   press   and 
touched  the  hearts  of  the  people.    Like  the  soft  hope  that  spread 
over  the  earth  on  the  morning  of  the  resurrection,  so  the  soft 
light  of  this  sentiment  shone  over  Dixie,  and  when  April  came, 
love  wreathed  her  roses  where  the  soldiers  sleep. 

LETTER  OF  MRS.   CHARLES  WILLIAMS,  SECRETARY  MEMORIAL 
ASSOCIATION  IN  1866. 

"COLUMBUS,  GA.,  March  12,  1866.— Messrs.  Editors:  The 
ladies  are  now  and  have  been  for  several  days  engaged  in  the 
sad,  but  pleasant  duty  of  ornamenting  and  improving  that  por 
tion  of  the  City  Cemetery  sacred  to  the  memory  of  our  gal 
lant  Confederate  dead,  but  we  feel  it  is  an  unfinished  work  un- 

—  124  — 


i.  Mrs.  C.  E.  Dexter,  2.  Mrs.  Jane  E.  Ware  Martirr 

3.  Mrs.  Robert  A.  Ware,  Sr  ,  4.  Mrs.  Richard  Patten, 

Columbus,  Georgia. 


less  a  day  be  set  apart  annually  for  its  especial  attention.  We  can 
not  raise  monumental  shafts  and  inscribe  thereon  their  many 
•deeds  of  heroism,,  but  we  can  keep  alive  the  memory  of  the  debt 
we  owe  them  by  dedicating.,  at  least  one  day  in  each  year,  to 
embellishing  their  humble  graves  with  flowers.  Therefore,  we 
beg  the  assistance  of  the  press  and  the  ladies  throughout  the 
South  to  aid  us  in  the  efforts  to  set  apart  a  certain  day  to  be 
observed,  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Eio  Grande,  and  be  handed 
down  through  time  as  a  religious  custom  of  the  South,  to 
wreathe  the  graves  of  our  martyred  dead  with  flowers;  and  we 
propose  the  26th  day  of  April  as  the  day.  Let  every  city,  town 
and  village  join  in  the  pleasant  duty.  Let  all  alike  be  remem 
bered,  from  the  heroes  of  Manassas  to  those  who  expired  amid 
the  death  throes  of  our  hallowed  cause.  We'll  crown  alike  the 
honored  resting  places  of  the  immortal  Jackson  in  Virginia, 
Johnston  at  Shiloh,,  Cleburne  in  Tennessee,  and  the  host  of 
gallant  privates  who  adorned  our  ranks.  Al]  did  their  duty, 
and  to  all  we  owe  our  gratitude.  Let  the  soldiers'  graves,  for 
that  day  at  least,  be  the  Southern  Mecca,  to  whose  shrine  her 
sorrowing  women,  like  pilgrims,  may  annually  bring  their 
grateful  hearts  and  floral  offerings.  And  when  we  remember 
the  thousands  who  were  buried  with  their  martial  cloaks  around 
them,  without  Christian  ceremony  of  interment,  we  would  in 
voke  the  aid  of  the  most  thrilling  eloquence  throughout  the  land 
to  inaugurate  this  custom  by  delivering,  on  the  appointed  day 
this  year,  a  eulogy  on  the  unburied  dead  of  our  glorious  South 
ern  army.  They  died  for  their  country.  Whether  their  country 
had  or  had  not  the  right  to  demand  the  sacrifice,  is  no  longer 
a  question  of  discussion.  We  leave  that  for  nations  to  decide  in 
future.  That  it  was  demanded — that  they  fought  nobly,  and 
fell  holy  sacrifices  upon  their  country's  altar,  and  are  entitled 
to  their  country's  gratitude,  none  will  deny. 

"  The  proud  banner  under  which  they  rallied  in  defence  of 
the  holiest  and  noblest  cause  for  which  heroes  fought,  or  trust 
ing  women  prayed,  has  been  furled  forever.  The  country  for 
which  tihey  suffered  and  died  has  now  no  name  or  place  among 
the  nations  of  the  earth.  Legislative  enactment  may  not  be 
made  to  do  honor  to  their  memories,  but  the  veriest  radical  that 
ever  traced  his  genealogy  back  to  the  deck  of  the  Mayflower, 
could  not  refuse  us  the  simple  privilege  of  paying  honor  to 
those  who  died  defending  the  life,  honor  and  happiness  of  the 

—  125  — 


Southern  Women."  The  first  Memorial  address  ever  delivered 
in  the  United  States  in  honor  of  the  soldiers  who  fought  in 
the  war  'between  tftie  States,  was  delivered  in  Columbus,  Ga., 
April  26th,  1866,  by  Colonel  James  M.  Ramsey.  He  was  a 
prominent  lawyer  in  this  city,  and  was  a  veteran  of  the  war 
with  rank  of  Colonel.  The  address  was  delivered  in  St.  Luke 
M.  E.  Church  (an  historic  building  which  has  recently  been  re 
moved  to  give  place  to  a  modern  structure).  After  prayer,  by 
Rev.  J.  W.  Neill,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  Colonel  Eamsey 
was  introduced  by  Eev.  J.  0.  A.  Clarke,  of  St.  Paul  M.  E. 
Church.  Professor  George  W.  Chase  presided  at  the  melodeon, 
and  a  choir  composed  of  voices  from  the  different  choirs  in  the 
town  rendered  appropriate  music. 

In  the  afternoon  the  pupils  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Macintosh  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Saunders'  schools  formed  in  line  at  St.  Luke  Church 
and  marched  to  the  cemetery;  other  schools  were  in  the  proces 
sion.  Every  member  bore  a  wreath  to  be  placed  upon  some 
soldier's  grave.  Through  the  kindness  of  Messrs.  D.  E.  Wil 
liams  &  Co.,  Howard,  Disbrow  &  Co.,  vehicles  were  furnished 
to  the  Memorial  Association,  and  to  the  citizens  in  general,  free 
of  charge,  and  everybody  carried  flowers.  A  whole  city  uniting 
in  a  work  of  love.  In  this  first  memorial  observance  there  was 
nothing  to  keep  alive  the  passion  of  war,  for  to  study  its  les 
sons  is  prudence,  to  profit  by  its  teachings  is  wisdom,  and  to  let 
its  animosities  actuate  is  madness.  The  sacred,  solemn  duty 
was  performed  by  hearts  beating  warm  with  kindly  memories 
— memories  of  their  dead.  Thus  may  the  26th  be  observed  as 
long  as  flowers  .grow  and  the  memory  of  brave  deeds  last. 
The  list  of  orators  on  subsequent  occasions  is  as  follows : 
Dr.  C.  F.  Colzey  delivered  the  address  in  1867,  at  Temper 
ance  Hall;  Major  R.  J.  Moses,  from  the  Cenotaph,  in  the  cem 
etery,  in  1868;  1869,  at  the  Cenotaph,  Judge  J.  P.  Pou;  1870, 
Temperance  Hall,  Hon.  Thomas  W.  Grimes;  1871,  Springer 
Opera  House,  Charles  H.  Williams;  1872,  -Springer  Opera 
House,  W.  A.  Little;  1873,  Springer  Opera  House,  Captain  Jas. 
J.  Slade;  1874,  Springer  Opera  House,  ex-Mayor  Sam  Cleg- 
horn;  1875,  Springer  Opera  House,  Thos.  H.  Hardeman;  1876, 
Springer  Opera  House,  Hon.  Henry  H.  Hilliard;  1877,  Springer 
Opera  House,  Captain  J.  A.  McCloskey;  1878,  Springer  Opera 
House,  William  H.  Chambers;  1879,  Monument,  Governor  Al 
fred  H.  Colquitt;  1880,  Springer  Opera  House,  Lionel  C.  Levy; 
1881,  Springer  Opera  House,  Captain  Reese  Crawford ;  1882, 
Springer  Opera  House,  Rev.  S.  P.  Galloway;  1883,  Springer 

—  126  — 


Opera  House,  G.  E.  Thomas,  Jr. ;  1884,  Springer  Opera  House, 
Major  R.  J.  Moses;  1885,  Springer  Opera  House,  Henry  E. 
Goetchius;  1886,  Springer  Opera  House,  T.  J.  Chappell;  1887, 
Springer  Opera  House,  Charleton  E.  Battle;  1888,  Springer 
Opera  House,  Captain  Price  Gilbert;  1889,  Springer  Opera 
House,  J.  Harris  Chappell;  1890,  Springer  Opera  House,  Hon. 
Eulton  Colville;  1891,  Springer  Opera  House,  Captain  W.  E. 
Wooten;  1892,  Springer  Opera  House,  Captain  J.  D.  Little; 
1893,  St.  Luke  M.  E.  Church,  Hunt  Chpley;  1894,  Springer 
Opera  House,  Judge  John  Ross;  1895,  Springer  Opera  Bouse, 
Lionel  C.  Levy;  1896,  Springer  Opera  House,  Rev.  W.  A.  Car 
ter;  1897,  Springer  Opera  House,  Robert  M.  Howard;  1898,. 
Springer  Opera  House,  Henry  R.  Goetchius;  1899,  Springer 
Opera  House,  Albert  H.  Allen;  1900,  Springer  Opera  House, 
Lucien  Knight;  1901,  Lyceum  Hall,  Captain  Peter  Freer;  1902, 
Lyceum  Hall,  Rev.  W.  E.  Ray;  1903,  Springer  Opera  House, 
A.  P.  Persons. 

Columbus  had  from  her  storehouse  of  Patriotism  contributed 
two  Generals  to  her  country's  service — Henry  Lewis  Benning 
and  Paul  J.  Semmes.  The  former  had  been  permitted  to  re 
turn  to  his  family  and  friends,  from  the  scene  of  the  conflict 
and  carnage  of  war.  The  latter  had  fallen  mortally  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  3rd,  1863,  and  died  July  9th, 
having  been  removed  to  Martinsburg,  Virginia.  It  was  greatly 
desired  on  the  part  of  the  Memorial  Association,  as  well  as  the 
citizens  of  Columbus,  that  his  remains  be  removed  from  Vir 
ginia,  and  laid  to  rest  in  Linwood  Cemetery,  by  the  side  of  his 
comrades.  To  accomplish  this  Dr.  W.  J.  Fogle  left  for  Mar 
tinsburg,  Va.,  April  2nd,  1868.  He  had  no  difficulty  in  locating 
the  grave  of  General  Semmes,  as  it  had  been  marked  by  a 
board  bearing  the  name  and  date  of  death.  The  remains  reached 
Columbus,  Thursday,  April  23rd,  1868,  and  were  escorted  to 
the  Presbyterian  Church  by  a  guard  of  honor,  composed  of  the 
surviving  members  of  the  Columbus  Guards,  where  it  lay  in 
state  in  the  vestibule  until  Saturday  evening,  April  25th,  1868.. 
The  casket  was  covered  by  a  beautiful  pall,  the  gift  of  Mrs.. 
Laura  B.  Comer  (an  honorary  member  of  the  Columbus- 
Guards),  and  a  silken  flag,  bearing  the  Coat  of  Arms  of  Geor 
gia,  with  the  picture  of  General  Semmes  standing  in  company 
uniform  as  sentinel.  The  whole  covered  with  beautiful  flow 
ers  and  wreaths.  The  sentinels  to  guard  the  bier  were  Major 
W.  P.  demons,  Captain  J.  M.  Bivins,  and  Captain  Thomas 
Chaffin.  The  funeral  obsequies  were  held  Saturday  evening,, 

—  127  — 


at  3:30  o'clock.  One  hundred  and  fifty  soldiers  were  in  line 
as  military  escort.  Dr.  Robert  A.  Ware  was  marshal,  and  Cap 
tain  Roswell  Ellis,  Assistant  Marshal.  The  Empire  Band 
headed  the  procession,  then  came  the  surviving  members  of 
the  City  Light  and  Columbus  Guards,  marching  in  column  by 
platoons,  following  came  the  hearse  and  pall-bearers,  the  ladies 
of  the  Memorial  Association,  General  Benning  and  staff,  Col. 
Martin  J.  Crawford,  R.  Thompson,  and  other  Confederate  of 
ficers;  Mayor  Wilkins  and  the  City  Council,  followed  by  a 
long  line  of  carriages,  making  the  entire  line  fully  half  a 
mile.  The  body  of  General  Semmes  was  deposited  in  the  Sol 
diers'  Burial  Ground,  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  cemetery. 
From  the  Cenotaph  (a  beautiful  monument,  erected  by  the 
Memorial  Association),  brief  eulogies  were  delivered  by  Eev. 
William  Hall,  of  the  Presbyterian,  and  Dr.  Devotie,  of  the 
Baptist  Churches.  The  latter  was  the  last  Chaplain  of  the 
Columbus  Guards,  which  Company  General  Semmes  com 
manded  before  he  was  made  Brigadier  General  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia.  The  last  rites  were  performed,  and  the 
noble  dead  left  to  sleep  with  the  brave  comrades  that  lie  so 
thickly  around  him,  no  more  to  be  disturbed  until  the  Resur 
rection  Morn.  Sophocles  tells  of  the  faithful  Antigone,  who 
risked  her  life  to  give  her  father  and  brother  an  honorable  burial. 
She  succeeded  in  sprinkling  dust  three  times  over  their  bodies, 
which  was  equivalent  to  sepulchre.  Her  peril  was  no  more  im 
minent  than  was  that  of  the  Memorial  Association,  when  they,  in 
1868,  in  the  face  of  military  rule,  escorted  the  body  of  a  Con 
federate  General  through  the  streets  of  Columbus,  and  gave 
him  a  military  burial.  On  this  occasion  one  of  the  sentinels 
detailed  to  guard  the  bier,  fearing  the  Memorial  Association 
was  going  too  far  in  their  great  desire  to  honor  their  dead,  cau 
tiously  folded  the  draperies  over  the  picture  of  General  Semmes 
wearing  the  Confederate  uniform.  As  soon  as  it  was  thus  dis 
covered  one  of  the  members  of  the  Memorial  Association  threw 
back  the  draperies,  revealing  the  picture,  exclaiming:  "Let 
no  one  dare  touch  the  work  of  the  Memorial  Association."  A1 
Yankee  officer  who  was  heard  to  relate  this  affair  in  Macon,  said 
the  ladies  of  Columbus  "were  worse  than  hyenas;  that  they 
dared  to  parade  the  body  of  a  Confederate  General  through  the 
streets  of  Columbus  and  give  him  a  military  funeral,  and  we 
dared  not  molest  them."  Before  the  smoke  of  battle  had  cleared 

—  128  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Erected  1881. 
Columbus,   Georgia. 


away  a  Georgia  woman  first  of  all  said:  "Let  us  build  monu 
ments  to  our  Confederate  Dead."  It  is  not  man's  province, 
but  woman's,  to  rear  these  remembrances.  It  was  her  smile  that 
encouraged,  her  voice  that  cheered,  her  sympathy  that  followed 
like  angels  in  the  camp,  the  march,  the  seige.  It  was  her 
hands  that  bound  up  the  wounds,  her  tears  that  consecrated  the 
graves.  Therefore,  it  should  be  hers  to  rear  these  evidences  of 
devotion  to  country  and  Principle. 

MONUMENTS  TO  THE  CONFEDERATE  DEAD. 

The  first  monument  erected  in  Columbus,  by  the  Memo 
rial  Association,  was  a  wooden  structure,  the  Cenotaph, 
erected  in  Linwood  Cemetery,  in  1868.  It  was  a  poor  expres 
sion,  yet  none  the  less  forcible,  as  it  was  reared  in  a  city 
which  had  been  reduced  to  ashes,  and  was  in  memory  of  those 
who  fell,  from  Columbus.  On  its  summit  appeared  the  name 
of  General  Paul  J.  Semmes,  and  on  the  six  sides  appeared  the 
names  of  six  Colonels  from  Columbus,  who  fell  on  the  field  of 
battle.  The  officers'  names  appeared  according  to  rank,  en 
rolled  in  scroll  shape  were  the  names  of  the  privates.  The  sub 
ject  of  a  monument  began  to  be  agitated  as  early  as  March 
10th,  1865,  and  a  Monumental  Club  was  formed  to  solicit  funds 
to  erect  a  monument.  The  Cenotaph  was  not  durable,  nor  did 
it  satisfy  the  Memorial  Association.  Their  fondest  hope  began 
to  materialize  when  a  sum  sufficient  was  raised  by  their  inde 
fatigable  efforts  and  the  foundation  of  the  present  marble  shaft 
was  laid.  On  April  2nd,  1879,  the  Memorial  Association  and 
friends  assembled  on  Lower  Broad  Street,  in  the  park,  where 
the  monument  was  to  be  located.  Mrs.  Robert  Carter,  Presi 
dent  of  the  Memorial  Association,  stepped  down  into  the  ex 
cavation,  and,  with  ungloved  hands,  laid  the  first  brick  in  the 
foundation  "in  memory  of  the  Confederate  Soldiers."  Mrs 
Robert  A.  Ware,  First  Vice-President,  laid  the  second  brick, 
"in  memory  of  all  members  of  the  Memorial  Association."  The 
Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Allen,  laid  the  third  brick.  Mrs.  Charles 
Dexter,  the  Treasurer,  laid  the  fourth.  These  were  followed 
by :  Mrs.  M.  A.  Patten,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Woolfolk,  placed  a  brick  "in 
memory  of  Mrs.  Williams.  Mrs.  Thomas  Chapman,  Mrs.  Jane 
E.  Martin,  Mrs.  Rosa  Ticknor  placed  a  brick  "in  memory  of  Mrs. 
Lucy  E.  Carner."  Mrs.  Robert  A.  Ware  placed  another  brick 

—  129  — 


"in  memory  of  her  friend,  Mrs.  Jno.  D.  Carter."  Mrs.  Bettie 
Tillman,  "in  memory  of  General  Paul  J.  Semmes."  Mrs.  Reese 
Crawford,  "in  memory  of  her  grandmother,  Mrs.  Seaborn 
Jones."  Miss  Mary  H.  Benning.,  "in  memory  of  her  mother, 
Mrs.  Henry  L.  Benning."  Miss  Eosa  Tyler,  "in  memory  of  her 
mother,  Mrs.  John  Tyler,  at  whose  home  the  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  was  organized."  Mrs.  M.  R.  Jones,  "in  memory  of  her 
sister,  Lizzie  Rutherford."  Master  Henry  Benning  Crawford, 
"in  memory  of  his  grandfather,  General  Henry  L.  Benning." 
Mrs.  M.  M.  Moore,  Mrs.  L.  M.  Burrus,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Morton,  Mrs. 
Jno.  Peabody,  Mrs.  M.  Williams,  Misi  Annie  Patten,  Miss  Mary 
Hodges,  Miss  Annie  May  Bruce,  Miss  Mary  Downing,  Miss  Fan 
nie  Peabody,  Miss  Mamie  Fellows,  Miss  Corrie  Tye,  Miss  Mamie 
Kivlin,  Miss  Sallie  Martin,  Master  Willie  Pope,  Master  Frank 
Peabody. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  monument  was  laid  April  14th,  1879. 
Lionel  C.  Levy,  principal  architect,  making  the  address,  and 
Most  Worshipful  Master  James  M.  Mobley  presiding.  Much 
interest  was  manifested  on  this  occasion  and  many  people  pres 
ent.  The  monument  was  to  have  been  in  place  by  April  26th, 
1879,  but  owing  to  an  unaccountable  delay  on  the  part  of  the 
contractors,  the  shaft  was  not  in  position.  The  Memorial  As 
sociation  made  preparations  for  the  unveiling  of  the  monument 
and  the  Governor  of  the  State  invited  to  make  the  address. 
The  Memorial  Association  were  equal  to  this  emergency,  and 
on  the  pedestal  that  was  to  have  held  the  shaft  of  marble,  they 
built  a  beautiful  floral  monument,  and  there  Governor  Colquitt 
delivered  the  annual  address  in  the  presence  of  fully  5,000  peo 
ple.  The  long  procession  of  military  and  carriages  wended  its 
way  to  Linwood  Cemetery,  where  flowers  were  placed  on  the 
soldiers'  graves.  The  monument  was  finished  without  the 
granite  steps  in  June,  1879.  It  was  decided  the  steps  would  add 
to  the  appearance,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  raise  the 
necessary  amount.  In  1881  the  monument  was  completed  at  a 
cost  of  $5,000.00.  The  graves  of  the  soldiers  buried  in  Linwood 
Cemetery  were  marked  by  the  Memorial  Association  with  wooden 
head  boards  in  1867.  These  were  replaced  by  marble  headstones 
in  1891,  an  order  being  given  Messrs.  A.  M.  Elledge  &  Co.  for 
500  head  stones,  aggregating  $1,200.00.  The  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  also  marked  with  two  of  these  head  stones  the  graves  of 
Lizzie  Rutherford,  the  Secretary  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society> 

—  ico  — 


and  the  suggestor  of  Memorial  Day,  and  that  of  Mrs.  Charles 
Williams,  the  first  Secretary  of  the  Memorial  Association,  whose 
beautiful  letter  to  the  press  did  so  much  towards  establishing 
the  custom.  Contributions  have  been  sent  by  the  Memorial 
Association  to  aid  in  preserving  the  graves  in  other  cemeteries. 
$100.00  was  sent  to  Charlottsville,  September,  1892,  to  mark 
the  graves  of  Georgia  soldiers  buried  there.  Contribution  to 
build  the  fence  around  the  enclosure  at  Eesacca;  to  Mrs.  Hobbs 
in  Athens  to  defray  expense  of  moving  bodies  of  soldiers  buried 
in  that  vicinity,  to  a  place  assigned  them ;  to  place  a  monument 
over  Mrs.  Alice  Waterman,  of  Madison,  Wis.,  who  had  from 
her  private  means  cared  for  the  graves  of  a  large  number  of 
Confederate  soldiers  buried  near  her  home;  sent  $50.00  to 
Eichmond  to  the  Confederate  Museum;  $10.00  to  the  cemetery 
at  Bull  Eun  to  erect  a  monument  to  the  soldiers  who  fell  at  the 
battle  of  Manassas.  In  1887  the  number  of  officers  was  increased 
to  embrace  a  Vice-President  from  each  denomination.  These 
were  as  follows :  President,  Mrs.  Eobert  Carter ;  First  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  Eobt.  A.  Ware,  from  the  Presbyterian  Church; 
Second  Vice-President,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Woolfolk,  from  the  Episco 
pal  Church;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Richard  Patten,  from 
St.  Paul  Methodist  Church;  Fourth  Vice-President,  Mrs.  J.  A. 
McAllister,  from  St.  Luke  M.  E.  Church;  Fifth  Vice-Presi 
dent,  Mrs.  L.  M.  Burrus,  from  the  Baptist  Church;  Secretary, 
Mrs.  Jane  E.  Martin;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Clara  Dexter. 

In  1892  it  was  decided  to  elect  an  Auxiliary  Board,  consist 
ing  of  a  President  and  Four  Vice-Presidents.  This  was  as  fol 
lows:  President,  Mrs.  Eobert  Carter;  First  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Eobert  A.  Ware;  Second  Vice-President,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Pat 
ten;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Woolfolk;  Fourth  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McAllister;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jane  E.  Mar 
tin;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Clara  Dexter. 

Auxiliary  officers:  President,  Mrs.  L.  F.  Garrard;  First 
Vice-President,  Mrs.  Eeese  Crawford;  Second  Vice-President, 
Miss  A.  C.  Benning;  Third  Vice-President,  Mrs.  0.  S.  Jordan; 
Fourth  Vice-President,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Dozier;  Secretary,  Mrs.  Jane 
E.  Martin;  Assistant  Secretaries,  Mrs.  Joseph  S.  Harrison,  Mrs. 
J.  Norman  Pease. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  officers  and  members  of  the  Me 
morial  Association : 

—  131  — 


Present  Officers — President,  Mrs.  Louis  F.  Garrard;  Vite- 
Presidents — Mrs.  W.  G.  Woolfolk,  Miss  Anna  Caroline  Ben 
ning,  Mrs.  Eeese  Crawford,  Mrs.  0.  S.  Jordan,  Mrs.  A.  Dozier; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Clara  M.  Dexter;  Secretary,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Martin; 
Assistant  Secretaries — Mrs.  Joseph  S.  Harrison,  Mrs.  J.  Norman 
Pease. 

(This  is  not  a  complete  list.  An  earnest  effort  has  been  made 
to  obtain  the  names  of  all  the  members,  but  this  effort  has  not 
been  successful.  The  list  is  arranged  without  reference  to  age 
or  time.  Many  have  married,  and  it  was  not  possible  in  some 
instances  to  ascertain  their  present  names.  Some  also  are  dead, 
but  it  was  thought  best  that  all  names  obtainable  should  be  here 
recorded.) 

Adams,  Miss  Fannie;  Allen,  Mrs.  A.  M.  (Sallie  Bellinger); 
Backus,  Miss  Annie  J. ;  Bailey,  Miss  Belle;  Bailey,  Miss  E.  H. ; 
Banks,  Miss  Sue;  Bennett,  Miss  Anna;  Benning,  Mrs.  Henry 
L.  (Mary  Howard  Jones)  ;  Benning,  Miss  Anna  Caroline;  Ben 
ning,  Miss  Mary  Howard;  Blanchard,  Mrs.  McDuffie  (Sarah  J. 
W.)  ;  Blanchard,  Mrs.  W.  A.  (Henrietta  Seabrook)  ;  Bradford, 
Miss  Mary;  Brannon,  Mrs.  A.  M.  (Julia  A.  Fuller);  Brooks, 
Miss  Josephine;  Browne,  Mrs.  J.  Rhodes,  Jr.  (Nina  Young); 
Bruce,  Mrs  Henry  (Deeclee  Patten) ;  Bruce,  Miss  Mary  Louisa; 
Bruce,  Mrs.  Wm.  (Mary  Louisa  Jones)  ;  Billiard,  Mrs.  W.  L. 
(Mary  Blackmar)  ;  Burrus,  Mrs.  Lawrence  M. ;  Bussey,  Mrs. 
Henry  (Elizabeth  Lucas)  ;  Byington,  Mrs.  E.  T.  (Ella  Goode) ; 
Bynum,  Mrs.  (Emma  Tyler) ;  Camp,  Mrs.  L.  A.  (Annie 
Camp)  ;  Cameron,  Miss  Emma;  Carter,  Mrs.  John  D.  (Zoono- 
mia  Hoxey)  ;  Carter,  Mrs.  Eobt.  (Evelyn  Page  Nelson)  ;  Carter, 
Mrs.  Eobt.  E.  (Belle  Powers)  ;  Carter,  Mrs.  W.  A.  (Agnes 

Quigley) ;    Chapman,    Mrs.    Brad.     (Elizabeth    — ) ; 

Chappell,  Mrs.  L.  H.  (Cynthia  Kent  Hart);  Cleghorn, 
Miss  Sallie;  Cody,  Mrs.  A.  A.  (Mary  Roberta  Williams); 
Comer,  Mrs.  Laura  Beecher;  Cook,  Mrs.  Mary  Elvira;  Copeland, 
Mrs.  (Maggie  Cook) ;  Chancellor,  Mrs.  A.  C.  (Carrie  Wynne)'; 
Carson,  Mrs.  Eobt.  (Ida  Brannon)  ;  Cowdery,  Mrs.  Eveline; 
Cowdery,  Miss  Mattie;  Curtis,  Mrs.  N.  M.  (Patty  Welborne) ; 
Curtwright,  Mrs.  (Lizzie  Muckefuss)  ;  Crawford,  Mrs.  Bennett 
(May  Lowe) ;  Crawford,  Mrs.  Eeese  (Augusta  Jane  Benning)  ; 
Dexter,  Mrs.  Chas.  E.  (Clara  M.  Hodges);  Dillingham,  Mrs. 
Geo.  (Anna  Hall) ;  Dismukes,  Mrs.  E.  P.  (Annie  E.  Forman) ; 
Downing,  Mrs.  L.  T.  (Lucy  Urquhart) ;  Dozier,  Mrs.  A.  A. 
(Susie  Moreland);  Dozier,  Mrs.  Albert  (Mlary  Cook);  Ellis, 
Mrs.  Eoswell  (Lizzie  Eutherford)  ;  Evans,  Miss  Eula;  Evans, 
Mrs.  F.  H.  (Dillie  Waddell) ;  Estes,  Mrs.  Marion  (Maggie  Kir- 
ven)  ;  Parish,  Mrs.  Robert  (Helen  Blade) ;  Fogle,  Mrs.  Wm. 
(Sallie  Eutherford);  Fontaine,  Mrs.  Wm.  (Laura  Ynestrai) ; 

—  132  — 


i.  Miss  Anna  Caroline  Banning.  2.  Mrs.  Joseph  Harrison. 

3.  Mrs.  O.  S.  Jordan.  4.  Mrs.  Reese  Crawford- 

Columbus,  Georgia. 


Forsyth,  Miss  Anna;  Flewellen,  Mrs.  Abner  C.  (Sarah  Porter 
Shepherd) ;  Gardiner,  Miss  Anna  Byrd;  Gardiner,  Miss  Mollie; 
Garrard,  Miss  Annie  Leonard;  Garrard,  Miss  Helen  Gertrude; 
Garrard,  Mrs.  L.  F.  (Annie  F.  Leonard)  ;  Garrett,  Mrs.  Joseph 
(-  -Heard)  ;  Gilbert,  Mrs.  S.  P.  (Mary  Howard) ;  Goet- 
chius,  Mrs.  H.  E.  (Mary  Russell)  ;  Groover,  Mrs.  C.  I.  (Mary 
Davis) ;  Goetchius,  Mrs.  R.  R.  (Mary  Bennett) ;  Gordon,  Mrs. 
Hugh  (Carrie  Williams)  ;  Gray,  Mrs.  M.  E.  (Alice  Tyler)  ; 
Greene,  Mrs.  R.  H. ;  Griffin,  Miss  Anna  Helena;  Hanserd,  Mrs. 
Jos.  (Mary  Bethune) ;  Hansered,  Miss  Mary  L. ;  Harrison,  Mrs. 
J.  S.  (Sallie  Martin) ;  Harden,  Mrs.  (Mary  Tyler) ;  Hardemaa, 
Mrs.  Frank  (Anne  McDougald) ;  Harrison,  Mrs.  W.  P.  (Mary 
F.  Hodges)  ;  Hatcher,  Mrs.  S.  B.  (Susie  Madden)  ;  Hill,  Mrs. 
Joe  (Mary  Helen  Downing) ;  Henderson,  Mrs.  J.  H.  (Ella 
Hungerford) ;  Hines,  Mrs.  Thos.  (Clothide  deLounay)  ;  Hirsch, 
Mrs.  Herman  (Annie )  ;  Hodges,  Mrs.  M.  E.  (Eliza 
beth  Smith)  ;  Hopkins,  Mrs.  L.  0.;  Howard,  Miss  Lila;  How 
ard,  Mrs.  Ralph  0.  (Willie  Watt)  ;  Howard,  Miss  Mary  Jones; 
Howard,  Mrs.  T.  B.,  Jr.  (Nettie  Williams) ;  Howard,  Mrs.  Wil 
liam  (Fannie  Anderson)  ;  Hull,  Mrs.  H.  L.  (Sarah  Jones 
Benning)  ;  Hudson,  Mrs.  David  (Juliette  M.  Hall)  ;  Hudson, 
Mrs.  Benj.  (Ellen  Charlton)  ;  Hurt,  Mrs.  Chas.  D.;  Hurt,  Mrs. 
Fannie;  Iverson,  Miss  Leona  Hamilton;  Jenkins,  Mrs.  Felix 
(Ella  Crawford)  ;  Johnson,  Mrs.  Milton  (M'ary  B.  Jones)  ; 
Jones,  Miss  A.  Katharine;  Jones,  Mrs.  Clifton  (Annie  John 
son)  ;  Jones,  Mrs.  John  A.  (Mary  Louisa  Leonard)  ;  Jones,  Mrs. 
Mary  (Eliza  Rutherford)  ;  Jones,  Mrs.  Seaborn  (Mary  How 
ard)  ;  Jordan,  Mrs.  0.  S.  (Hettie  Blake  Dexter)  ;  Jordan,  Miss 
Maud;  Kincaid,  Miss  Mary;  King,  Miss  Mattie;  Leitner,  Mrs. 
John;  Levy,  Miss  Edna;  Levy,  Miss  Frances  Marion;  Levy, 
Mrs.  Lionel  C.  (Isabel  Moses)  ;  Lewis,  Miss  Alabama;  Lewis, 
Miss  Annie  Belle;  Lewis,  Miss  Leila;  Lewis,  Miss  Mary;  Lewis, 
Mrs.  M.  N. ;  Little,  Mrs.  W.  A.  (Jinnie  Dozier) ;  McAllister, 
Mrs.  J.  M. ;  McDougald,  Mrs.  Emily  Fitton;  Matthews,  Mrs. 
John  (Mary  -  -)  ;  Mitchell,  Mrs.  F.  (Katherine  T.  Down 
ing)  ;  Mott,  Mrs.  R.  (Annie  Battle)  ;  Murdock,  Mrs.  R,  B. 
(Lydia  Spencer)  ;  Mel,  Mrs.  Geo.  (Alabama  Lindsay)  ;  Osburn, 
Mrs.  C.  T.  (Cornelia  Bacon);  Paramore,  Mrs.  John;  Patten, 
Mrs.  Richard  (Martha  Ann  Hodges)  ;  Patterson:,  Miss  Mildred 
Lewis;  Pearce,  Mrs.  J.  H. ;  Pease,  Mrs.  J.  Norman  (Anna  Vivian 

Jones) ;  Poe,  Mrs.  0.  ( Magruder) ;  Pond,  Miss  Callie; 

Pope,,  Mrs.  Wm.  (Lizzie  Patten)  ;  Pou,  Mrs.  Joseph  (Antoinette 
Dozier)  ;  Redd,  Mrs.  C.  A.  (Eugenia  Weems)  ;  Redd,  Mrs.  N.  L. 
(Rebecca  Ferguson);  Sarling,  Mrs.  Solomon;  Shepherd,  Mrs. 
Anne;  Smith,  Mrs.  Milton  J.  (Florida  Welborne) ;  Spencer, 
Mrs.  R.  P.  (Ida  T.  Speed)  ;  Spencer,  Mrs.  Samuel  (Louisa  Y. 
Benning)  ;  Stewart,  Miss  Catty ;  Stewart,  Mrs.  J.  M. ;  Strupper, 
Mrs.  L  G.  (Mary  Everett)  ;  Ticknor,  Mrs.  Douglas  (Sarah  D. 

—  133  — 


Ticknor)  ;  Ticknor,  Mrs.  F.  0.  (Rosa  Nelson)  ;  Ticknor,  Mrs. 
Geo.  (Nora  Stewart)  ;  Tigner,  Mrs.  W.  F.;  Tigner,  Mrs.  G.  Y. 
(Johnnie  Lindsay)  ;  Thomas,  Miss  Estelle;  Thomas,  Mrs.  G.  E.; 
Thomas,  Miss  Mary  J. ;  Torrence,  Miss  Harriet ;  Torrence,  Miss 
Matilda;  Tyler,  Miss  Anna;  Tyler,  Mrs.  John;  Tyler,  Miss 
"Rosa;  Waddell,  Miss  Bessie  F.;  Waddell,  Miss  Sallie  N.;  Ware, 
Mrs.  R.  A.  (Margaret  Ellison)  ;  Warner,  Mrs.  Chas.  (Susie 
Swift)  ;  Watson,  Mrs.  H.  L.  (Annie  Patten)  ;  Weems,  Miss 

Lottie;   Wells,   Mrs.   M.   E.    ( Birdsong)  ;   Williams, 

Mrs.    Chas.   J.    (Mary  Ann  Howard)  ;   William's,   Mtrs.    (Dr.) 

Chas.    (-      Beall);  Worrell,  Miss  Kate;   Worrell,   Mrs. 

James  (Emma  Biggers)  ;  Worrell,  Miss  Josephine;  Woodruff, 
Mrs.  Chas.  (Mary  Lou  Mott)  ;  Woodruff,  Mrs.  Geo.  W.  (Vir 
ginia  Lindsay)  ;  Woodruff,  Mrs.  Henry  (May  Patten)  ;  Wool- 
folk,  Mrs.  Win.  G.  (Maria  Byrd  Nelson)  ;  Wright,  Mrs.  (Mary 
Bridges  Murdoch)  ;  Yonge,  Mrs.  Ed.  (Lucy  Banks). 

In  1898  the  official  history  as  to  the  origin  of  Memorial  Day 
and  the  Memorial  Association  was  compiled.  It  was  presented 
to  the  Lizzie  Rutherford  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  on  April  26th,  1898, 
by  the  mother  Memorial  Association.  This  occasion  demon 
strated  the  ever  increasing  interest  in  Memorial  Day — fully  1,000 
people  assembled  at  Springer's  Opera  House,  where  Mr.  Henry 
R.  Goetchius  made  an  eloquent  address,  and  the  following  pro 
gram  was  rendered: 

PROGRAM. 

Funeral  March— Chopin,  Prof.  J.  Lewis  Browne. 

Prayer — Rev.  W.  A.  Carter. 

Music — Who  Will  Care  for  Mother  Now. 

Octette — Mrs.  Munn,  Miss  Hannah  Crook,  Miss  Mary  Kivlin, 
Miss  L.  0.  Seals;  Messrs.  J.  Lee  Harris,  Ed.  Cargill,  J.  Ral 
ston  Cargill,  T.  M.  Hudson. 

Introduction  of  Speaker  by  Mr.  Robert  M.  Howard. 

Memorial  Address — Hon.  Henry  R.  Goetchius. 

Music — The  Vacant  Chair. 

History  of  Memorial  Day — Presented  to  Lizzie  Rutherford 
Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  read  by  Mr.  Frank  Garrard. 

Music — The  Conquered  Banner,  Miss  Mary  Kivlin. 

Recitation — Miss  Maggie  Martin  Harrison. 

Music — Let  Us  Pass  Over  the  River  (Stonewall  Jackson's 
last  words).  ( 

Chorus — 

Benediction — Rev.  A.  M.  Wynn. 

—  134  — 


MRS.  CHAS.  J.   WILLIAMS. 

Columbus,  Georgia. 


Thus  has  the  Memorial  Association  of  Columbus,  Georgia, 
acting  upon  the  beautiful  suggestion  of  Lizzie  Rutherford,  aided 
by  the  eloquent  pen  of  the  Secretary,  Mrs.  Charles  J.  Williams, 
inaugurated  the  custom  of  Memorial  Day.  This  custom  so 
generally  observed  throughout  the  South,  has  been  adopted  by 
the  North,  and  it  has  been  made  a  National  Day. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
SALLIE    MARSHALL-MARTIN   HARRISON, 
ANNA  CAROLINE  BENNING, 

Committee. 


MRS.  CHARLES  J.  WILLIAMS, 
COLUMBUS,  GEORGIA. 

We  present  here  the  picture  of  Mrs.  Charles  J  Williams,  the 
first  Secretary  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  Columbus, 
Georgia.  Her  thrilling  appeal  for  the  decoration  of  the 
graves  of  the  Confederate  heroes  went  out,  the  South  responded 
enthusiastically,  and  to-day  Memorial  Day  is  universally  observed. 
Mrs.  Williams  died  in  April,  1874.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  she 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society,  and  was  always 
among  the  most  prominent  ladies  in  every  good  and  generous 
work,  the  Columbus  Guards,  through  their  Captain,  tendered 
their  services  to  the  family  as  a  military  escort  during  the 
funeral  exercises,  and  the  offer  was  accepted.  The  Company 
turned  out  in  citizens'  dress,  with  military  caps. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  religious  services  at  the  cemetery 
the  Company  marched  around  the  grave,  each  man  dropping  his 
floral  tribute,  until  there  was  a  mound  of  flowers.  A  salute  was 
fired,  and  all  that  was  good  and  noble  and  generous  in  this 
loya!  Southern  woman  was  laid  to  rest  under  the  Spring  flowers 
she  loved  so  dearly. 


—  135  — 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
M ADI  SOX,  GEORGIA. 

"All !  the  women  of  the  South  !  how  brave  they  were  in  the  times 
that  tried  men's  souls !  Often  sending  the  dearest  treasure  of 
their  bleeding  hearts  without  a  tear  to  meet  the  foe.  Fit  com 
panions  they,  for  the  noblest,  purest  patriots  who  ever  laid  their 
lives  a  priceless  sacrifice  upon  their  country's  altar.  Xor  were 
they  willing  for  these  heroic  patriots  to  pass  into  oblivion,  for 
scarcely  had  the  thunders  of  artillery  died  on  our  native  hills, 
when  a  woman  of  the  South,  a  daughter  of  the  Empire  State, 
said :  '  Let  us  set  apart  a  day  hallowed  to  the  memory  of  our 
fallen  heroes  and  the  South's  immortal  struggle,'  and  in  all  the 
years  that  have  followed  have  the  people  of  the  South  observed 
this  sacred  Memorial  Day  with  increasing  devotion.*" 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Morgan  County,  Geor 
gia,  was  organized  in  the  Baptist  Church,  Madison,  April,  1866, 
with  the  following  officers:  Mrs.  Susan  Dye,  President;  Mrs. 
Sarah  B.  Cook,  Mrs.  Augustus  Eeese,  Vice-Presidents ;  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Sanders,  now  Mrs.  Speer,  Secretary.  These  ladies  were  the 
mothers  and  wives  of  gallant  Confederate  soldiers.  The  ven 
erable  President  was  the  mother  of  Captain  G.  B.  Knight,  of 
the  Panola  Guard,  one  of  the  two  volunteer  companies  of  Madi 
son  that  early  responded  to  their  country's  call.  She  was  a 
widow  with  two  younger  sons,  both  of  whom  were  in  the  Con 
federate  army,  and  one  of  them,  Martin  Dye,  gave  his  life  for 
the  cause.  Mrs.  Cook,  who  is  still  with  us,  revered  and  esteemed, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-six  }^ears,  gave  both  husband  and 
son  to  her  country.  Mrs.  Reese  was  the  mother  of  three  boys 
who  wore  the  gray;  the  fate  of  one  was  never  known  to  the 
heart-broken  but  patriotic  mother.  Mrs.  Sanders  married  dur 
ing  the  war,  the  gallant  young  Captain  obtaining  a  furlough 
for  that  important  event. 

The  Georgia  Female  College,  or  Baptist  Institution,  was  an 
important  factor  in  the  history  of  Madison  during  the  four  years 
of  conflict.  From  the  granite  steps  leading  to  its  imposing 
colonnade  was  presented,  by  one  of  its  fair  daughters,  Miss  Josie 
V.  Thrasher  (now  Mrs.  Overly),  the  flag  to  Captain  G.  B. 
Knight,  of  the  Panola  Guards,  and  his  gallant  speech  of  accept 
ance  is  still  lovingly  preserved  among  her  dearest  treasures. 

^Extract  of  address  delivered  to  Confederate  Veterans,  Memorial  Day,  1903,  by 
the  writer. 

—  136  — 


As  the  war  continued,  carrying  consternation  and  ruin  through 
out  the  entire  Southland,  this  institution  was  closed,  to  be 
opened  later  as  a  hospital  for  sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  Its 
halls,  once  resounding  with  the  music  of  girlish  laughter,  once 
proudly  smiling  at  the  tremulous  flutter,  the  timid  glance  of 
the  "sweet  girl  graduate/'  now  alas !  echoed  the  groans  of  the 
sick  and  dying,  and  shuddering,  saw  Azrael  slowly  fold  his  sable 
wings  as  he  kept  grim  watch  o'er  its  gloomy  walls. 

Another  building  in  Madison,  a  cotton  factory,  whose  busy 
hum  of  industry  was  silenced  by  war's  relentless  hand,  became 
a  prison  and  a  hospital  combined.  Soon,  alas!  many  mounds 
had  been  made  on  the  hill  side  beyond  the  city  cemetery — some 
of  them  marked  with  the  pathetic  word  "Unknown."  To  this 
spot,  known  as  the  "Soldiers'  Cemetery,"  wended  each  spring 
time  the  ladies  and  children  of  Morgan  County  on  the  26th  of 
April,  silently  covering  with  fragrant  flowers  these  sleeping 
places  of  the  brave.  In  a  few  years,  some  one  suggested  having 
an  orator,  and  appropriate  services,  and  since  the  organization 
of  the  Survivors'  Association,  the  veterans  have  marched  each 
year  in  a  body  to  show  their  reverence  for  their  fallen  comrades. 
In  1878  the  honored  President  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso 
ciation,  Mrs  Dye,  passed  into  the  spirit  world,  and  Mrs.  Jas. 
A.  Wade  was  elected  to  that  office.  Mrs.  Sanders  resigning  as 
Secretary  on  account  of  ill-health,  she  and  Mrs.  W.  H.  Burr 
were  elected  Vice-Presidents.  The  writer,  then  Miss  Mary 
Chiles,  was  elected  Secretary,  and  with  the  exception  of  four 
diiferent  occasions,  when  not  in  Madison,  has  filled  that  office 
to  the  present  time.  The  ladies  acting  as  Secretary  on  the  oc 
casions  mentioned  were  Mrs.  L.  B.  Eeese,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Petut, 
Miss  Sallie  Johnston,  now  Mrs.  Jas.  T.  Penn,  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Stokes.  The  Association  having  no  business  to  transact,  its 
sole  object  being  to  provide  appropriate  services  for  Memorial 
observances  on  April  26th,  the  Secretary  has  never  been  in 
structed  to  record  any  meetings,  as  the  veterans  gladly  record, 
in  the  minutes  of  their  Association,  the  proceedings  of  each  Me 
morial  Day.  For  some  years  past  the  reading  of  the  mortuary 
report  of  the  Survivors'  Association  has  been  a  part  of  the  ser 
vices  on  these  occasions.  In  1882  the  city  fathers,  finding  an 
other  cemetery  a  necessity,  selected  the  present  Westview  Ceme 
tery,  and  it  was  deemed  expedient  to  remove  the  soldiers'  re 
mains  to  this  new  City  of  the  Dead.  By  the  earnest  efforts  of 

—  137  — 


"Commodore"  G.  X.  Dexter,  a  zealous  veteran,  marble  head 
stones  mark  each  silent  resting  place.  In  1889  the  Ladies  Me 
morial  Association  became  much  enthused  in  the  endeavor  to 
erect  a  monument  to  the  Confederate  heroes  buried  here,  and 
several  entertainments  were  given,  the  proceeds  of  which, 
amounting  to  quite  a  sum,  was  lost  by  the  unfortunate  failure 
of  the  bank  where  the  funds  were  deposited.  Another  effort 
for  this  object  was  made  in  connection  with  the  Ladies'  Garden 
Club.,  but  that  was  also  unsuccessful,  though  some  money  was 
given  for  this,  an  evidence  of  the  proper  spirit  of  patriotic  ap 
preciation.  In  1892  Mrs.  Wade  resigned  on  account 
of  her  removal  to  Atlanta.  Her  resignation  was  accepted 
with  deep  regret,  because  of  her  lovely  Christian  character, 
which  endeared  her  to  all,  and  because  of  the  great  interest  she 
ever  manifested  for  Memorial  Day  observances,  her  only  son 
being  with  those  who  are  "sleeping  under  the  lillies."  Mrs.  Joel 
A.  Billups  was  elected  to  succeed  Mrs.  Wade  as  President;  Mrs. 
L.  B.  Eeese,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Mustin,  Mrs.  G.  B.  Stovall,  Mrs.  M.  P. 
Godfrey,  Vice-Presidents ;  the  writer  was  re-elected  Secretary. 
These  ladies  retain  their  respective  offices.  Before  the  Memorial 
Day  of  '93  had  dawned  the  pure  spirit  of  our  beloved  Ex-Presi 
dent,  Mrs.  Wade,  had  winged  its  flight  to  the  eternal  city  of  God, 
and  on  Memorial  Day  a  simple  tribute  to  her  memory,  prepared 
by  the  Secretary  at  the  request  of  the  present  beloved  President, 
Mrs.  Billups,  was  read  by  Prof  I.  L.  Williferd,  and  is  preserved 
among  the  records  of  the  Survivors'  Association.  Since  the  es 
tablishment  of  public  schools  in  Madison  in  1896,  the  Board  of 
Education  very  wisely  require  the  pupils  to  take  part  in  the 
exercises  on  Memorial  Day;  the  children,  therefore,  furnish  pa 
triotic  songs  on  these  occasions,  and  add  much  to  the  beauty  of 
the  services,  which  are  always  held  in  the  attractive  and  spacious 
auditorium  of  the  elegant  building  for  the  school — itself  a  monu 
ment  to  the  taste  and  judgment  of  a  Confederate  veteran — M.  A. 
Mustin. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mrs. 
M.  P.  Godfrey,  assisted  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 
has  recently  greatly  enhanced  the  beauty  of  the  Soldiers'  Ceme 
tery,  and  these  two  patriotic  organizations  are  earnestly  endeav 
oring  to  secure  the  necessary  funds  to  erect  a  suitable  monument 
to  our  sleeping  heroes.  Besides  the  ladies  mentioned  as  officers 
in  this  Association,  the  following  members  have  ever  taken  a 

—  138  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Erected  1898  by  Ladies'  Memorial  Association, 

Dalton,  Georgia. 


deep  interest  in  any  effort  to  preserve  the  sacred  memories  of 
the  past:    Mrs.  A.  G.  Johnston.,  Mrs.  J.  E.  High,  Mrs.  Jas.  S. 
Hogue,  Mrs.  P.  V.  Carbins,  and  Mrs.  J.  V.  Overly.    One  of  the 
touching  scenes  of  each  Memorial  Day  is  our  esteemed  Presi 
dent,  with  her  lovely  face  and  gentle  manners,  guiding  her  blind 
and  feeble  husband  to  his  seat  in  the  auditorium.    The  exercises 
on  Memorial  Day,  1903,  were  among  the  most  interesting  ever 
held.    Governor  Terrell  was  orator  of  the  day  and  said  that  with 
the  assistance  of  the  patriotic  people  of  the  State  he  hoped  to 
have  the  grave  of  every  Confederate  soldier  suitably  marked 
while  he  is  Chief  Executive  of  Georgia.     The  history  of  this 
Association  would  be  incomplete  without  some  allusion  to  a  few 
of  the  veterans  who  have  ever  responded  to  any  call  for  aid- 
often  suggesting  plans  for  making  the  exercises  more  impressive. 
Among  those  who  have  joined  their  sleeping  comrades  across 
the  salient  river  is  Dr.  T.  Preston  Gibbs,  full  of  enthusiasm 
and  ever  jealous  for  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  soldier; 
Rev.  S.  A.  Burney,  the  beloved  chaplain  of  the  Survivors'  Asso 
ciation,  ever  ready  to  aid  in  any  effort  to  honor  the  memory  of 
the  "Southern  Cause";  Jas.    E.    Chiles    (the    brother    of    the 
writer),  whose  ardent  love  for  the  Southern  Independence  caused 
the  formation  of  the  Survivors'  Association  of  Morgan  County, 
1874.     The  gallant  young  South  Carolian  made  the  suggestion 
to  Captain  Charles  H.  Andrews,  and  by  their  efforts  this  Asso 
ciation,  the  second  in  Georgia,  was  organized.     So  great  was  his 
interest  in  the  Association  that  he  held  the  office  of  Secretary 
from  its  origin  until  his  death,  in  1900.     Of  those  who  are  still 
with  us,  Commodore  G.  N.  Dexter,  whose  name  is  a  synonym 
for  zeal  and  enthusiasm,  is  always  Marshal  of  the  Day  on  Me 
morial  occasion,  and  is  ever  ready  to  assist  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association.     Captain  Walter  A.   Wiley,  the  zealous  and  effi 
cient  Adjutant  of  Morgan  County  Camp  of  Veterans,  cherishes 
with  deepest  devotion  and  knightly  sentiments  the  memories  of 
the   Southern    Confederacy.     Among    the    Sons    of    Veterans 
Charles  A.  Sanders  has  ever  been  most  interesting  and  helpful 
in  honoring  the  memory  of  the  comrades  of  his  father  (the  Cap 
tain  mentioned  earliest  in  the  sketch). 

These  facts  concerning  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of 
Madison,  Morgan  County,  Georgia,  have  been  written  with  the 
hope  that  the  exalting  sentiments  which  inspired  the  organiza 
tion  will  never  die,  nor  its  object  be  abandoned  while  Southern 
women  live  to  revere  the  loyal  patriotism  of  Southern  manhood. 
MRS.  MARY  CHILES  WARE,  Secretary. 


LADIES7  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
MARIETTA,  GA. 

The  Marietta  Memorial  Association  is  a  product  of  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Society  of  Marietta,  and  the  old  Georgia  Memorial  Associa 
tion,  the  original  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

In  the  early  days  of  its  work  the  organization  was  imperfect 
and  its  membership  small,  but  the  untiring  zeal  and  patient  and 
persistent  efforts  of  the  few  made  up  for  all  deficiencies.  The 
brave  and  loyal  women  who  had  ministered  so  faithfully  and 
tenderly  to  the  needs  of  the  living,  both  on  the  field  and  in  the 
hospitals,  could  hardly  fail  in  the  crucial  hour  of  death  and 
defeat,  nor  have  the  years  dampened  the  ardor  of  their  devo 
tion  to  the  memories  of  the  Southern  Cause  or  their  reverence 
for  the  "boys  who  wore  the  gray." 

The  only  object  of  the  Association  is  to  care  for  the  graves  of 
the  Confederate  soldiers,  and  the  one  qualification  necessary  for 
membership  is  loyalty  to  the  Southern  Confederacy.  The  years 
have  brought  many  changes,  but  as  each  faithful  woman  leading 
this  band  of  loyal  women,  yielded  to  time's  decree  and  surren 
dered  the  work,  others  equally  as  devoted  to  the  sacred  cause  have 
taken  their  places.  Not  the  least  of  the  permanent  good  accom 
plished  by  the  organization  is  the  fostering  of  the  spirit  of  loyalty 
to  the  traditions  of  the  past  and  the  transmission  to  their  chil 
dren  of  their  faith  in  the  South,  and  purity  of  the  South* s  shat 
tered  ideals. 

No  son  or  daughter  of  the  future  must  doubt  the  nobility  of 
purpose  or  the  purity  of  the  motives  of  the  gallant  men,  descen 
dants  of  the  Cavalier,  who  wyent  fearlessly  to  their  death  in  de 
fence  of  their  conception  of  justice  and  right. 

"  The  knightliest  of  a  knightly  race  "  by  their  heroic  courage 
and  lofty  self-sacrifice  commanded  the  admiration  of  the  world, 
and  it  is  the  sacred  legacy  of  Marietta  Memorial  Association  to 
keep  the  sod  green  above  their  graves. 

The  Association  is  now  working  under  a  charter,  with  an 
earnest  and  faithful  corps  of  officers  and  with  the  hearty  sympathy 
and  co-operation  of  the  local  chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy. 

As  to  the  magnitude  of  their  work  and  the  many  attendant 
difficulties,  a  brief  sketch  will  suffice.  The  Confederate  Cemetery 
at  Marietta  contains  the  graves  of  three  thousand  fallen  sons  of 

—  140  — 


the  South.  Every  State  in  the  Southern  Confederacy  has  its 
sacred  plat,,  made  holy  by  its  "silent  tenants/'  and  many  lie  in 
the  "unknown"  section,  but  all  alike  receive  the  loving  care  of 
the  Association. 

A  railroad  accident  was  the  direct  cause  of  the  death  of  the 
first  soldiers  interred  here.  Later  the  Governor's  Home  G-uards 
were  encamped  near  by,  and  many  of  their  number  dying  from 
sickness,  were  also  buried  in  the  Marietta  cemetery.  However, 
it  was  in  the  last  days  of  the  Confederacy,  the  final  act  of  the 
great  tragedy  in  this  section,  that  brought  the  number  to  the 
thousands.  This  was  the  "  time  that  tried  men's  souls  "  and 
brought  out  the  courage  and  fortitude  of  the  Southern  woman. 
In  the  rapidly  changing  scenes  of  the  bloody  conflict  along  the 
line  of  Sherman's  march  to  Atlanta,  there  was  little  time  to 
bury  the  dead  or  care  for  the  wounded.  Two  noble  Georgia 
women  were  the  leaders  in  the  work — Mrs.  Catherine  Winn, 
representing  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  and  Miss  Mary  Green  of 
the  Georgia  Memorial  Association.  Their  reminiscences  of  the 
harrowing  details  fill  us  with  admiration  for  the  tenderly  reared 
women,  who  personally  superintended  the  removal  of  the  dead 
from  the  fields  of  carnage.  They  brought  them  from  the  battle 
fields  around  Chickamauga  and  Missionary  Eidge  and  all  along 
the  ]ine  of  the  historic  march  through  Georgia;  they  were  col 
lected  from  the  heights  of  Kennesaw,  from  the  trenches,  from  the 
hastily  made  graves  on  battlefields,  from  fence  corners  and  other 
neglected  or  forsaken  spots,  they  were  followed  from  the  hospitals 
by  sorrowing  women,  who  had  watched  with  them  until  the  last, 
and  tenderly  wiped  the  death  damp  from  the  brow,  thinking  the 
while  of  their  own  soldier  boy,  father  or  brother  at  the  front,  and 
praying  the  Father  for  His  comfort  and  for  human  aid  and 
sympathy  in  the  hour  of  their  great  need. 

The  task  was  Herculean,  but  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and  devo 
tion  to  a  common  cause  made  the  sacrifice  easy  and  gave  strength 
for  the  work. 

With  limited  means,  with  only  a  country  devastated  by  war 
to  draw  upon,  they  worked  bravely,  steadily  on,  and  then,  as  now, 
received  the  loyal  support  of  the  citizens  of  Marietta  and,  indeed, 
of  the  whole  State. 

Out  of  her  poverty,  the  Legislature  in  1866  gave  $3,500.00 
toward  the  collecting  and  re-interring  of  the  martyred  sons  of 
the  South.  Again,  in  1868,  $500.00  was  secured,  and  quite 

—  141  — 


recently  an  effort  has  been  made  to  get  legislative  aid,  so  that 
Georgians  may  no  longer  look  with  reproach  upon  the  graves 
of  her  hero  dead. 

Until  very  recently  the  cemetery  has,,  indeed,  been  a  reproach 
and  for  several  years  the  Association  was  almost  too  much  dis 
couraged  to  make  any  further  effort.  The  fence  had  fallen  into 
decay,,  the  drives  were  over-run,  and  the  graves  so  over-grown, 
that  they  could  scarcely  be  traced.  But  Kennesaw  Chapter, 
United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  a  younger  and  stronger 
organization,  has  come  to  the  rescue  and,  working  with  the 
Memorial  Association,  the  sacred  spot  has  been  reclaimed.  Dur 
ing  the  last  six  years  about  $1,500.00  have  been  expended,  the 
requisite  number  of  head-stones  have  been  placed,  the  drives  and 
grounds  improved  and  the  entire  plat  has  been  distributed  by 
sections  to  working  committees  to  plant  flowers  and  shrubs,  and 
otherwise  beautify  the  grounds.  Among  the  improvements  pro 
posed  by  the  Association  wras  a  wrall  of  stone  and  a  monument,  for 
which  a  fund  has  been  started  by  Kennesaw  Chapter,  United 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 

A  history  of  the  Memorial  Association  would  be  incomplete 
without  a  sketch  of  some  of  its  officers.  Among  the  first  leaders 
in  the  work  was  Miss  Mary  Robarts.  She  was  efficient  and  faith 
ful  "  even  unto  death."  Mrs.  Hansell,  with  Mrs.  Winn  as  secre 
tary,  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  faithful  Presidents. 
For  years  Mrs.  Winn  held  the  presidency  and  no  leader  was 
ever  more  capable  or  faithful  than  she — laboring  always  with 
unselfish  devotion,  and  with  wonderful  executive  ability,  she 
brought  order  out  of  chaos,  and  all  money  intrusted  to  her  was 
promptly  and  judiciously  expended  for  the  cemetery.  Failing 
health  caused  her  to  resign  and  it  was  after  the  loss  of  her 
efficient  leadership  that  the  one  lapse  in  interest  occurred,  and 
the  affairs  of  the  Association  reached  their  lowest  ebb,  which 
resulted  in  the  neglected  condition  of  the  cemetery  already 
described. 

Now  the  Association  is  under  the  wise  direction  of  Mrs. 
Eebecca  L.  Nesbitt,  a  true  and  tried  daughter  of  the  South,  who 
gave  lavishly  of  her  time  and  talents  to  the  work  of  the  Associa 
tion.  In  the  beginning  of  her  administration,  she  was  ably  assisted 
by  Mrs.  Adelaide  McClatchey  and  Mrs.  Anna  Whitlock,  as 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Both  of  these  earnest  workers  have 
gone  to  join  the  "  mighty  caravan  above/'  but  the  memory  of 

—  142  — 


^*H£* 

-4fc*M- 


/ 


<• 

\$$r 


CONFEDERATE   CEMETERY,  u   ;  ;>  j 
Dedicated  1866,  Resaca,  Georgia. 


their  zeal  and  enthusiastic  devotion  to  the  cause  is  an  inspira 
tion  to  us  on  whom  their  work  and  perchance  their  "  mantles 
have  fallen." 

While  the  caring  for  the  graves  and  protecting  them  from  dese 
cration  is  a  duty,  it  is  a  privilege  to  gather  together  annually  on 
the  26th  of  April.,  and  after  some  one  of  Georgia's  gifted  sons 
has  told  the  story  of  the  heroic  struggle,,  while  the  thrilling  airs 
of  "  Dixie  "  and  "  America  "  are  sung  with  equal  enthusiasm, 
representing  the  devotion  to  the  past  and  the  patriotism  of  the 
present,  to  "  bring  flowers,  sweet  flowers/7  and  tenderly  place 
them  upon  the  graves  to  commemorate  the  deeds  of  glory  and 
emblemize  by  their  fragrance  and  beauty  the  love  and  remem 
brance  of  the  women  and  children  of  the  fair  Southland. 

FRANCES  W.  CLAY, 

Secretary. 

KESACA  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
RESACA,  GEORGIA. 

The  battle  of  Resaca,  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the 
war.  It  was  during  that  fight  that  the  famous  Forty-Second 
Georgia  Regiment  lost  so  many  men,  and  it  was  there  that 
Colonel  L.  P.  Thomas  took  command. 

Mr.  Cox,  whose  father,  Captain  Jacob  R.  Cox,  owned  a  large 
farm,  which  afterwards  became  the  scene  of  that  famous  bat 
tle,  tells  an  interesting  story  of  the  fight.  Captain  Cox  had 
just  built  a  new  house  on  his  place  and  on  it  he  had  expended 
nearly  all  the  money  which  he  had  accumulated.  This  house  was 
used  by  General  Johnston  as  headquarters,  but  he  abandoned 
the  place  about  twenty-five  minutes  before  the  fighting  began. 

Shortly  before  the  fight  began  General  Johnston  moved  out. 
Sherman  had  planted  his  artillery  on  a  small  ridge  a  short  dis 
tance  away  and  began  shelling  the  Confederates.  The  Cox 
home  was  immediately  in  the  line  of  the  Federal's  fire,  and 
General  Leonidas  Polk  decided  he  wanted  the  house  out  of  the 
way  so  as  to  effectively  return  the  enemy's  fire. 

General  Polk  came  up  to  where  Captain  Cox  was  standing 
talking  to  his  son.  Both  had  been  watching  the  preparations 
for  the  fight.  "Captain,"  said  the  General,  with  his  hand  on 
his  heart,  in  true  cavalier  fashion,  "your  house  is  in  the  way 
of  my  return  fire.  We  are  both  old  men,  and  neither  of  us 
may  live  to  see  the  end  of  this  war.  I  want  that  house  removed, 

—  143  — 


and  I  promise  you  that  in  the  event  we  are  successful  and  I  live 
I  shall  see  to  it  you  get  double  what  the  house  is  worth." 

With  a  wave  of  his  hand  Captain  Cox  told  General  Polk  to 
tear  down  the  house.  Fully  five  hundred  men  were  put  to  work, 
and  in  thirty  minutes  not  a  beam  of  the  once  comfortable  country 
house  remained  where  it  formerly  stood.  Folk's  battery  was 
then  planted  in  the  yard  and  the  work  of  shelling  the  Federals 
began. 

Young  Cox  and  his  father  had  started  away  from  the  scene 
when  the  elder  Cox,  a  man  of  60  years  of  age,  then  suddenly 
turned  and  started  back.  His  son  remonstrated  with  him.  "I 
want  to  get  the  old  clock,  son,"  replied  Captain  Cox.  "It  has 
been  in  the  family  too  long  for  me  to  leave  it  for  others  to  carry 
away." 

Minie  balls  and  shells  were  falling  fast,  but  seemingly  un 
conscious  of  the  fight,  the  elder  Cox  threaded  his  way  back  to 
the  site  of  his  former  home,  found  the  clock  and  returned  to  his 
son  without  mishap. 

The  first  Confederate  cemetery  in  the  State,  and  almost  in 
the  South,  was  established  at  Eesaca,  where  the  remains  of 
those  who  fell  in  the  three  days'  fight  there,  were  gathered  up 
and  decently  interred.  Like  many  events,  it  came  from  small 
beginnings,  and  happened  thus: 

The  family  of  Mr.  John  H.  Green  lived  on  the  battlefield. 
Around  them,  on  all  sides,  were  scattered  Confederate  graves — 
a  few  here,  a  few  there,  buried  just  where  the  soldiers  fell. 

On  the  road  to  the  little  country  church  two  Confederate  sol 
diers  lay;  one  could  hardly  say  buried,  for  the  earth  had  simply 
been  heaped  up  on  them,  and  the  winter  rains  had  washed  a 
great  deal  of  it  off. 

On  this  hill  the  Confederates  had  planted  a  battery  which 
the  Federals  had  made  many  efforts  to  capture,  with  great 
slaughter  to  themselves.  As  the  country  people  described  it  af 
terwards,  "the  whole  side  of  Scales'  Hill  was  blue  with  dead 
Yankees." 

After  the  battle  the  Federals,  who  hold  the  field,  collected 
their  dead  and  interred  them  decently  in  a  neat  soldiers'  cem 
etery.  As  the  Confederates  were  forced  to  fall  back,  many  of 
their  dead  were  left  lying  on  the  field,  and  wore  buried  by  the 
enemy,  some  by  merely  having  the  earth  thrown  over  them,  as 

—  144  — 


in  the  case  of  the  two  men  on  Scales'  Hill,  who  lay  with  half 
their  bodies  exposed. 

The  sight  of  these  neglected  graves  was  a  great  grief  to  the 
occupants  of  the  home,,  and  finally  the  ladies  of  the  family  de 
termined  to  take  the  matter  in  their  own  hands,  as  they  were  too 
poor  to  hire  any  one  to  help  them.  One  of  the  ladies,  with  the 
help  of  the  negro  cook,  dug  a  shallow  grave  in  the  flower  garden 
beside  the  soldier  who  lay  buried  there,  while  another  sister, 
accompanied  by  a  young  negro  girl,  went  out  and  brought  in  the 
two  skeletons  in  baskets.  Then  they  wrapped  them  in  pieces 
of  matting  and  buried  them. 

The  idea  then  occurred  to  the  ladies  that  they  would  collect 
the  Confederate  dead,  and  inter  them  in  a  piece  of  ground  their 
father  had  donated  for  that  purpose,  and  so  form  a  Confederate 
soldiers'  cemetery.  There  was  but  one  drawback  to  this  scheme 
— they  had  no  money  and  such  work  was  expensive. 

So  the  ladies  residing  on  the  battlefield  of  Eesaca  met  July 
4th,  1866,  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  John  F.  Green  and  formed 
themselves  into  a  society,  to  be  called  the  "Ladies'  Association," 
for  the  burial  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  who  fell  at  the  battle 
of  Eesaca,  binding  themselves  to  use  all  their  energy  and  in 
fluence  to  effect  this  purpose.  Thirteen  names  being  signed  the 
Society  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers.  The  follow 
ing  officers  were  then  elected:  Miss  M.  J.  Green,  President; 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Hill,  Yice-Presiclent;  Mrs.  S.  W.  Bachman,  Treas 
urer;  Miss  L.  Green,  Secretary.  The  President  then  reported 
to  the  Society  that  she  had  made  an  appeal  to  the  women  of 
Georgia  in  the  name  of  the  women  of  Eesaca,  asking  for  aid 
in  the  burial  of  the  Confederate  dead  at  Eesaca. 

The  ladies  appealed  to,  went  about  in  their  respective  cities 
stating  the  case,  and  the  people  gave  twenty-five  cents,  fifty 
cents,  one  dollar  or  five  dollars,  just  as  they  were  able,  and  soon 
money  began  to  pour  in  from  many  places. 

Then,  true  to  their  ideas  of  States  Eights,  it  occurred  to 
them  it  was  not  fair  to  call  on  Georgia  to  bury  the  dead  of  other 
States.  So  they  employed  a  neighbor  to  go  around  and  ascertain 
the  number  of  dead  lying  on  the  battlefield,  also  their  names, 
regiments  and  States,  when  it  could  be  found.  The  graves  of 
those  who  were  buried  by  their  comrades  were  generally  marked 
— often  the  name  written  in  pencil  on  a  bit  of  board,  sometimes 
a  piece  of  cartridge  box,  and  stuck  at  the  head  of  the  grave. 

—  145  — 


When  this  work  was  finished  (the  neighbor^  an  old  Union 
man,  refusing  compensation,  saying  as  he  had  no  money,  he 
would  like  to  give  his  time  and  labor)  the  list  was  published  in 
the  leading  papers  of  the  different  Southern  cities,  accompa 
nied  by  a  statement  of  the  case,  and  an  appeal  for  aid. 

It  was  promptly  answered,  public  meetings  were  called,  and 
money  subscribed  and  sent  to  the  ladies  at  Resaca,  with  heart 
felt  thanks  for  the  noble  work  they  were  doing.  Generous  con 
tributions  were  received,  till  they  amounted  to  about  $2,000.00. 
The  genial  "Bill  Arp,"  ever  true  to  his  convictions,  sent  them 
a  kindly  letter,  and  ten  dollars.  The  money  they  spent,  but  the 
letter  is  treasured  still  by  the  ladies. 

Every  mail  brought  letters  of  inquiry  from  mothers,  sisters, 
widows  and  sweethearts,  asking  about  their  dead,  and  sending 
money,  often  depriving  themselves  of  necessities  to  help  the 
cause,  and  many  grief-stricken  letters  were  written  telling  of 
the  goodness  and  the  bravery  of  those  who  \vere  lost  to  them 
forever,  and  of  their  own  sad  lives  under  existing  conditions. 
The  women  who  undertook  this  work  got  a  glimpse  into  the 
lives  of  many  a  broken-hearted  family. 

They  now  went  to  their  work  with  a  will.  A  spot  was  se 
lected  for  the  site  through  which  a  stream  ran.  Already  two 
soldiers  lay  buried  beside  its  banks,  its  ever  flowing  waters 
murmuring  a  requiem  over  them. 

Men  were  hired  to  clear  the  ground,  which  was  laid  off  as 
a  landscape  garden,  by  Colonel  James  Eobertson,  now  one  of 
the  State  Railroad  Commissioners,  and  contracts  were  given 
out  for  the  re-interment  of  the  dead,  numbering  about  four 
hundred. 

When  the  work  was  finished  each  State  had  a  plat  in  which 
her  men  lay,  every  grave  being  marked  with  a  white  head 
board,  containing  the  soldier's  name,  company  and  regiment, 
while  the  unknown  dead  occupied  the  center  of  the  ground 
lying  around  a  handsome  granite  cross  marked,  "  To  the  Un 
known  Dead,"  and  presented  by  the  Stone  Mountain  Granite 
Company. 

The  grounds  were  adorned  with  roses  and  other  flowering 
plants.  Rustic  bridges  spanned  the  stream  at  several  points, 
and  the  whole  place  was  enclosed  with  a  handsome  fence. 

This  fence  was  furnished  by  a   Chattanooga  Company,  and 

—  146  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENTS". 

i.  Sparta,  Georgia.  2.  Sandersville,  Georgia. 

Unveiled  1881.  Unveiled  1897. 

3.  Savannah,  Georgia.  4.  Athens,  Georgia. 

Unveiled  1875.  Unveiled  1872. 

5.  Thomson,  Georgia.  6.  Barnesville,  Georgia. 

Unveiled  1896.  Unveiled  1889. 


cost  $700.00,  and  was  just  $500.00  more  than  the  ladies  had 
in  their  treasury. 

Southern  women  have  a  great  and  abiding  confidence  in 
Southern  men.  Never  mind  what  may  be  the  matter  in  hand, 
whether  it  be  obtaining  a  seat  in  the  street  car,  the  raising  of 
money  for  any  particular  purpose,  or  carrying  through  of 
any  political  measure,  when  they  think  it  should  be  passed, 
they  always  f<  appeal  to  the  men."  They  think  that  is  all 
they  have  to  do.  And,  it  must  be  said,  they  are  not  often 
disappointed. 

So  the  Eesaca  ladies,  who  had  organized  themselves  into 
the  "Eesaca  Memorial  Society,"  appealed  to  the  Legislature  to 
give  them  $500.00  to  pay  off  their  debts. 

The  Legislature  did  not  meet  till  November,  but  the  ceme 
tery  being  completed  in  October,  the  ladies  determined  to 
have  it  consecrated  at  once,  that  the  fallen  heroes  might  sleep 
in  hallowed  ground.  Wishing  to  have  a  eulogy  pronounced 
over  them  at  the  same  time,  they  wrote  to  both  Bishop  Stephen 
Elliott  and  General  Howell  Cobb,  asking  them  to  come  and 
perform  these  services  for  them.  In  reply  General  Howell 
Cobb  wrote: 

"  To  be  present  on  the  occasion  to  which  you  refer,  and  to 
participate  as  an  actor  in  the  scenes,  would  be  among  the  most 
agreeable  duties  I  have  ever  been  called  upon  to  perform.  The 
ladies  of  your  association  may  be  assured  that  I  would 
esteem  it  a  privilege  and  pleasure,  to  which  every  pulsation  of 
my  heart  compels  me.  The  kind  invitation  they  have  ex 
tended  will  be  cherished  as  a  testimonial  of  their  partiality 
and  regard.  No  mere  personal  sacrifices  could  prevent  my  ac 
ceptance,  but  I  feel  that  at  present  it  would  do  no  good  to 
either  the  living  or  the  dead,  for  me  to  break  the  silence  which 
I  have  voluntarily  imposed  upon  myself,  since  the  surrender 
of  our  army,  and  our  Cause.  Whilst  I  should  on  such  an  occa 
sion  utter  no  word  inconsistent  with  the  duties  and  obliga 
tions  I  have  assumed  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
yet  I  do  not  feel  that  I  could  give  utterance  to  all  the  feel 
ings,  sympathies  and  memories  that  would  swell  the  breast, 
and  demand  of  the  lips  an  unrestrained  utterance.  Others 
may  be  more  fortunately  situated,  and  to  them  I  venture  to 
suggest  it  would  be  better  to  commit  the  sacred  duty." 

Bishop  Elliott  declined  for  similar  reasons. 

—  147  — 


To  show  the  state  of  the  country  in  1866,  and,  in  order 
that  the  views  of  these  distinguished  men  should  be  fully  ap 
preciated  and  understood,  an  extract  is  given  below  from  a 
letter  received  from  one  of  the  officers  of  the  Fifth  Com 
pany,  Washington  Artillery,  of  New  Orleans,  in  reply  to  an 
appeal  to  bury  their  comrades  who  fell  at  Eesaca.  The  state 
ment  he  makes  seems  almost  incredible  to  us,  who  enjoy  the 
freedom  and  law  and  order  rule  of  1891. 

"It  is  the  desire  and  intention  of  the  Company  to  bring 
home  all  its  dead  for  interment.  And  soon  after  our  return 
to  the  city,  we  resolved  our  Company  into  an  association,  for 
the  purpose  of  providing  for  the  living  families  of  our  dead 
comrades,  and  bringing  home  their  remains.  But  our  asso 
ciation,  together  with  all  other  associations  formed  in  this 
city  for  the  same  purpose,  have  been  suspended  by  the  mili 
tary  order  of  General  Sheridan,  and  the  widow  and  orphan  are 
deprived  of  the  aid  that  would  result  from  our  organized  chari 
ties.  And  our  brave  comrades  who  died  can  receive  no  ex 
pression  of  our  grateful  hearts  in  their  honor.  'No  monument 
to  commemorate  their  virtues.'  As  soon  as  we  are  permitted 
to  do  so,  we  will  take  steps  to  bring  home  our  dead.  As  soon 
as  our  association  is  permitted  to  be  organized,  your  com 
munication  will  be  laid  before  it/' 

Nothing  daunted,  the  ladies  then  begged  the  services  of  an 
old  friend,  the  Eev.  John  Jones,  who  had  served  through  most 
of  the  war  as  an  army  chaplain.  Since  then  he  has  gallantly 
waged  war  against  Satan,  by  praying  over  the  Georgia  Legis 
lature  for  the  last  ten  or  fifteen  years.  He  promptly  responded 
to  the  call,  and  on  the  25th  of  October,  the  consecration  took 
place. 

The  people  for  twenty  miles  around  assembled  to  witness 
the  ceremonies.  Appropriate  mottoes  adorned  the  different  lots 
and  wreaths  of  evergreen  decorated  the  graves.  Then  the 
brave  chaplain  proceeded  to  consecrate  the  ground,  after  which 
the  martyrs  to  the  Southern  Cause  were  left  in  their  hon 
ored  graves,  to  sleep  their  last  sleep,  till  the  last  reveille  shall 
wake  them. 

The  ladies  of  the  Eesaca  Memorial  Association  were  full 
of  a  patriotic  pride  that  theirs  should  be  the  first  Confed 
erate  cemetery  in  the  South,  so  they  were  a  little  surprised  to 
find  that  on  the  same  day  that  the  Eesaca  Cemetery  was  con- 

—  148  — 


secrated,  the  women  of  Winchester,  Va.,  had  performed  a  sim 
ilar  ceremony  over  the  Confederate  dead  in  their  midst. 

There  was  buried  the  gallant  Ashby,  and  one  of  the  incidents 
of  the  day  was  the  laying  of  a  wreath  of  flowers  on  the  gallant 
soldier's  grave  by  his  old  "  mammy." 

In  November,  the  Legislature  met,  and  the  petition  of  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Eesaca  was  presented,  wherein 
they  stated  that  they  had  themselves  raised  over  $2,000.00, 
with  which  they  had  buried  nearly  four  hundred  Confederate 
soldiers,  that  they  still  owed  $500.00,  and  they  prayed  the 
Legislature  to  help  them. 

This  was  the  second  Legislature  that  had  met  since  the 
surrender.  It  had  onerous  and  disagreeable  duties  to  consider, 
chief  among  them  the  consideration  of  the  Fourteenth  Amend 
ment.  But  it  turned  away  from  these  for  a  time,  and  list 
ened  with  enthusiasm  to  the  speeches  made  in  behalf  of  the 
women  engaged  in  this  sacred  work,  and  not  only  voted  the 
$500.00  asked  for,  but  added  from  the  depleted  coffers  of  the 
State  $3,500.00  more  to  bury  the  dead  at  Chickamauga,  which 
work  one  of  the  ladies  of  the  "  Eesaca  Memorial  Association  '' 
immediately  undertook. 

The  cemetery  was  regarded  by  the  country  people  as  a  sort 
of  pleasure  ground  in  the  midst  of  a  devastated  land.  It  was 
a  great  resort  for  rustic  lovers  of  Sunday  afternoons,  and 
many  a  troth  was  plighted  there. 

On  the  26th  of  April,  Memorial  Day,  the  farmers  would 
cease  their  labors,  and  the  young  men  and  maidens,  after 
collecting  boughs  of  hawthorn  and  honeysuckle  (the  South 
ern  National  flower),  would  proceed  to  decorate  the  graves. 

LiKe  all  humanit}r,  the  mountaineer  has  some  sentiment,  and 
it  showed  itself  when  one  Memorial  Day  the  gates  of  the  cem 
etery  were  dressed  with  dogwood,  a  handsome,  showy  white 
flower. 

"What  do  ye  mean  by  puttin'  dogwood  on  the  soldiers' 
graves?"  cried  they.  "Don't  ye  know  the  meanin'  (emblem) 
of  dogwood?" 

"No;  what  is  it?" 

"  Why,  hit  means  '  Go  to  the  devil !' " 

And  so  the  first  Confederate  cemetery  in  Georgia  was  com 
pleted.  It  was  begun  in  July  with  very  little  money  in  hand. 
In  October  the  work  was  finished,  and  after  Christmas  the 

—  149  — 


debts  were  all  paid.  Twent3r-five  hundred  dollars  had  been 
raised  by  the  appeals  of  a  private  family,  the  contributions 
of  an  impoverished  people,  speaking  more  eloquently  than 
could  any  silver-tongued  orator,  of  their  love  of  the  Southern 
Cause  and  its  fallen  heroes.  And  for  many  years,  as  the 
trains  passed  by,  the  engineer  tolled  his  bell  as  a  requiem  to 
those  buried  there  sleeping  their  last  sleep,  waiting  the  judg 
ment  day. 

Dr.  Jones,  some  years  before  his  death,  related  a  remark 
able  story  in  connection  with  the  identification  of  the  Con 
federate  dead  at  Resaca  during  the  removal  of  the  bodies.  A 
minister,  and  an  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Jones,  had  a  son  killed 
at  Resaca.  The  grave  was  unmarked.  One  night,  so  the  min 
ister  told  Dr.  Jones,  he  and  his  wife,  with  clasped  hands, 
prayed  to  God  to  direct  them  in  some  way  to  the  spot  where 
their  son  was  buried.  That  night  their  dead  boy  appeared 
to  him  in  a  dream  and  said :  "  Father,  you  will  find  my  body 
on  the  field  at  Resaca,  at  the  foot  of  a  clay  hill,  and  by  a 
small  oak  tree."  The  father  went  to  Resaca,  found  the  hill 
and  the  tree,  and  dug  a  soldier's  remains  which  were  identified 
as  those  of  his  son  by  a  ring  which  he  had  worn. 

The  family  of  Mr.  Green  moved  from  Resaca  to  Atlanta, 
in  '69,  but  Miss  Mary  Green,  the  President  of  the  Resaca 
Memorial  Association,  attended  to  the  repairs  of  the  cemetery. 
The  wooden  headboards  were  replaced  by  iron  ones,  painted 
white,  and  the  fence  kept  in  good  condition  by  appropriations 
from  the  Legislature  or  private  contributions. 

But  in  '93  the  fence  was  burned,  in  consequence  of  the  woods 
being  set  on  fire.  Then  the  subject  of  replacing  it  became  a 
very  important  matter  to  all  those  interested  in  it.  General 
George  Moorman,  Adjutant  General  of  the  United  Confed 
erate  Veterans,  wrote  a  very  kind  letter  to  Miss  Green,  who 
had  applied  to  him  for  a  list  of  the  Confederate  Camps. 
After  two  years'  strenuous  effort  the  fence  was  completed  (it 
was  formed  of  iron  posts  connected  by  ribbon  wire.)  Contri 
butions  were  received  from  the  R.  E.  Lee  Camp,  of  Fort 
Worth,  Texas;  Louisiana  Division  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee 
Association;  Veterans  of  Fayetteville,  Tennessee,  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  and  Atlanta,  Georgia;  the  United  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy,  of  Fayetteville  and  Jackson,  Tennessee; 
Jackson,  Mississippi;  and  Augusta,  Macon,  Athens,  West 

—  150  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1887. 

Rome,   Georgia. 


Point,  Eome  and  Atlanta  Georgia;  also,  from  the  Memorial  As 
sociation  of  Atlanta.  The  Julia  Jackson  Chapter  of  the 
Children  of  the  Confederacy  contributed  the  money  for  the 
gates.  Charles  Broadway  Eouss  sent  a  check,  and  General 
Eufus  Bullock  gave  $105.00. 

The  contributions  of  the  people,  who  assembled  each  Me 
morial  Day,  at  the  Eesaca  Cemetery,  must  not  be  omitted. 

Mrs.  E.  J.  Simmons,  of  Calhoun,  is  now  President  of  the 
Association,  and  has  been  for  a  number  of  years.  She  is  a 
most  enthusiastic  and  energetic  worker,  and  by  her  personal 
efforts  has  had  a  memorial  stone  placed  in  the  Georgia  lot  of 
the  cemetery. 

o 

LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
EOME,  GEORGIA. 

"  To  those  who  lived ;  to  those  who  died ;  to  those  who  gave 
much;  to  those  who  gave  all;  this  monument  is  erected  by  a 
grateful  people." 

The  spirit  which  placed  the  above-quoted  inscription  upon 
Georgia's  monument"  on  Chickamauga  battlefield,  pervades  and 
pervaded  the  women  of  Georgia,  and  caused  them  throughout 
the  State  to  form  Memorial  Associations  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  who  were  dead,  or  who 
would  thereafter  die.  Acting  under  the  influence  of  this  spirit 
a  Ladies7  Memorial  Association  exists  at  Eome.  The  result  of 
the  work  is  that  the  plat  of  ground  in  Myrtle  Hill  Cemetery, 
in  which  lie  the  Confederate  dead,  is  well  sodded  and  well 
kept,  and  each  grave  is  marked  with  a  marble  slab,  upon  which 
is  engraved  the  name  and  regiment  of  the  sleeping  hero;  ex 
cept  where  the  word  "unknown"  tells  its  own  sad  story.  There 
are  three  hundred  and  fifty-seven  graves,  and  in  this  small 
number  are  represented  the  following  named  thirteen  States: 
Alabama,  Arkansas,  Florida,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  Louisiana, 
Mississippi,  Missouri,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Ten 
nessee,  Texas.,  and  Virginia. 

A  stand  has  been  erected  near  the  graves  in  which  the  ad- 
-drees  and  other  memorial  exercises  are  held.  Upon  the  top  of 
the  hill,  and  near  the  graves,  is  a  monument  of  Georgia  marble, 
^dedicated  to  the  memory  of  those  sleeping  at  the  base  of  the 

—  151  — 


hill.  Upon  the  monument,  with  other  recitals,  there  are  carved 
these  pregnant  words :  "  Testimony  of  the  present  to  the  future, 
warning  those  who  keep  these  valleys,  that  only  their  sires  are 
dead,  the  principles  for  which  they  fought  can  never  die."  The 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Rome  began  on  April  26th, 
1867,  by  a  gathering  of  about  eighteen  or  twenty  Eoman  wives 
and  mothers  who  formed  themselves  into  a  band  of  love  and 
mercy  to  care  for  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead.  This 
they  did  with  willing  hands  for  over  two  years,  with  Mrs.  1ST. 
J.  Bayard  as  presiding  officer  of  the  body.  In  1869,  a  regu 
lar  Memorial  Association  was  formed,  with  Mrs.  D.  M.  Hood 
as  President.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Mrs.  Hood,  in  1870,  Mrs. 
T.  W.  Alexander  became  the  President,  and  continued  so  until 
the  date  of  her  death,  on  December  7'th,  1895.  After  the 
loss  of  Mrs.  Alexander,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1896 
Mrs.  Henry  A.  Smith  was  elected,  and  still  continues  to  be 
the  President  of  the  Association. 

During  a  large  portion  of  the  time  that  Mrs.  Alexander 
was  President,  Mrs.  Robert  Battey  was  Vice-President,  and 
upon  her  resignation  Mrs.  Win.  H.  Mitchell  was  elected  to  the 
office  and  still  continues  to  hold  it.  These  ladies  were  both 
earnest  workers  in  the  Cause,  and  that  tireless  energy  for  which 
Mrs.  Battey  is  noted,  was  largely  instrumental  in  raising  the1 
funds  for  the  work  done. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Association  are: 

Mrs.  Henry  A.  Smith,  President. 

Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Mitchell,  Vice-President. 

Mrs.  James  A.  Rounsaville,  Treasurer. 

Mrs.  Halsted  Smith,  Secretary. 

On  each  Memorial  Day  the  people  of  the  town  and  sur 
rounding  country  gather  about  the  soldiers'  graves.  The  Me 
morial  Association,  the  Mayor  and  Council  and  City  officials 
in  a  body,  the  public  schools,  the  local  military,  the  firemen,, 
and  various  other  organizations  join  in  a  procession.  A  mar 
shal  and  mounted  aids  control  the  march^  which  is  generally 
preceded  by  a  brass  band.  At  the  cemetery  the  graves  are 
decorated  with  flowers,  an  address  is  delivered  and  a  parting 
salute  fired  by  the  military.  In  the  decoration,  it  is  a  no 
ticeable  fact  that  the  graves  of  several  Federal  soldiers  who 
lie  near  their  one-time  foes,  receive  the  same  attention  that 
loving  hands  give  to  the  graves  of  the  soldiers  of  the  South- 

—  152  — 


ern  Cause.  At  the  same  time  the  ladies  of  the  association  go- 
in  a  body  and  place  flowers  upon  the  graves  of  former  mem 
bers  who  are  buried  in  the  same  cemetery.  Among  those  who 
now  rest  there,  are  Mrs.  T.  W.  Alexander,  Mrs.  Martha  Brookes, 
Mrs.  Jane  P.  Bowie,  Mrs.  A.  B.  Montgomery,  all  former  active 
members  of  the  Association. 

Among  the  orators  of  these  days  have  been  statesmen  and 
jurists  and  with  their  number  the  soldier-orator,  John  B.  Gor 
don,  and  the  Demosthenes  of  the  mountains,  H.  V.  M.  Miller, 
have  graced  different  occasions. 

At  the  memorial  exercises  on  April  27th,  1904,  our  fellow- 
citizen  and  statesman,  Hon.  John  W.  Maddox,  Congressman 
from  the  Seventh  Georgia  District,  delivered  the  address. 

It  is  a  gratifying  sight  when  practically  a  whole  people  close 
their  places  of  business  and  by  thousands  devote  an  after 
noon  to  work  of  veneration  of  their  heroic  dead. 

The  placing  of  head-stones,  the  care  of  graves  and  erection  of  a 
monument  have  only  been  accomplished  by  persistent,  continuous 
labor.  A  fund  had  been  collected  preparatory  to  the  erection 
of  a  monument,  when,  by  the  failure  of  a  bank  during  the 
panic  of  1873,  every  dollar  of  the  fund  was  lost.  Renewed 
effort  was  made  and  success  was  gained,  and  the  monument 
was  unveiled  on  Memorial  Day,  April  26th,  1887,  Hon.  John 
B.  Gordon  being  the  orator  of  the  occasion.  The  architect  in 
charge,  and  who  gave  freely  his  time  and  skill  to  the  proper 
placing  and  erection  of  the  monument,  was  Colonel  C.  M. 
Pennington,  an  ex-Confederate  soldier. 

The  Association  has  not  only  done  this  work,  but  it  has  sent 
funds  to  care  for  the  Confederate  graves  at  Richmond,  con 
tributions  made  to  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  and  to  the 
Winnie  Davis  Memorial,  and  aid  given  to  veterans  and  wid 
ows  and  orphans  of  veterans  at  home. 

Three  companies  went  from  Rome  to  join  their  comrades  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  between  the  States;  and  composed 
part  of  the  famous  Eighth  Georgia,  which  was  led  by  Bartow 
to  the  field  of  Manassas.  The  Rome  Light  Guards  was  com 
manded  by  Captain  E.  J.  Magruder;  the  Miller  Rifles,  by 
Captain  John  R.  Towers,  and  the  Floyd  Infantry,  by  Captain 
John  F.  Cooper.  Of  these  Captain  Cooper  fell  at  Manassas, 
Captain  Magruder  became  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  regi 
ment  and  died  at  Rome,  in  the  year  1892. 

—  153  — 


Captain  Towers  became  Colonel  of  the  regiment  and  is  now 
living  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-eight  in  Marietta,  Georgia. 
Both  of  these  who  survived  the  fateful  field  of  July  2 let,  1861, 
remained  with  their  command  until  they  were  surrendered  at 
Appomattox. 

There  is  a  Confederate  Veterans'  Association  at  Home,  who 
have  aided  the  ladies  at  all  times  in  honoring  their  dead. 
Colonel  A.  B  Montgomery  is  the  present  commander  of  the 
Eome  Camp,,  and  he,  with  his  comrades,  have  glorious  memo 
ries  to  cherish  and  a  record  to  point  to  with  pride. 

The  Rome  Association  sends  greetings  to  its  sister  associa 
tions  over  all  our  Southland  with  the  hope  that  they  and  their 
daughters,   and  their   children's   daughters    will    continue    to 
gather   on   Memorial   Days   and,   pointing  to   the   last  resting 
places  of  the  Confederate  dead,  teach  generations  yet  unborn, 
"  That  such  graves  as  these  are  pilgrim  shrines, 
Shrines  to  no  code  nor  creed  confined, 
The   Delphian   Vales,   the   Palestines, 
The  Meccas  of  the  mind/-' 

.  HALSTED  SMITH, 

Secretary. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
SANDERSVILLE,  GEORGIA. 

Early  in  March,  1880,  Mrs.  Sophronia  Bayne  and  Mrs.  Hal- 
lie  Clayton  Huff  took  the  first  steps  towards  interesting  the 
ladies  of  Sandersville  in  organizing  a  Confederate  Memorial 
Association,  and  with  what  success  their  efforts  were  crowned 
the  history  will  tell. 

A  meeting  of  all  who  were  interested  in  this  Cause  so  dear 
to  every  Southern  heart  was  called  by  Mrs.  Huff,  to  meet  at 
the  Methodist  Church,  to  formulate  plans  and  organize  as 
early  as  possible  in  order  to  observe  fittingly  the  beautiful 
custom  of  Memorial  Day.  A  goodly  number  responded,  and 
much  interest  was  manifested  by  all  present. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Rev.  George  Clark, 
pastor  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

After  stating  the  object  of  the  meeting,  Mrs.  Huff  was 
called  to  the  chair,  and  Colonel  C.  R,  Pringle  was  requested 

—  154  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1879,  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 
Macon,  Georgia. 


To  act  as  Secretar}T.  Very  soon  the  organization  was  com 
pleted.  The  nomination  for  officers  was  then  in  order,  and 
Mrs.  H.  Augusta  Hines  was  nominated  and  unanimously 
elected  President. 

Mrs.  Hines'  election  was  a  fitting  tribute  to  her  brave  and 
gallant  father,  Colonel  T.  G.  Warthon,  commander  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Regiment  of  Georgia  Volunteers,  who  gave  his 
life  for  his  country,  on  Malvern  Hill. 

Mrs.  Beverly  D.  Evans  was  elected  Vice-President,  and 
Mrs.  Hallie  C.  Huff,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  A  programme 
was  then  arranged  for  Memorial  Day.  Just  here  Rev.  George 
Clark  made  a  request,  using  his  own  words :  "  I  beg  you  not 
to  allow  sung  that  Yankee  song,  '  Hold  the  Fort,'  for  it  is  an 
insult  to  the  Sons  and  Daughters  of  our  beloved  Southland." 
The  song  was  not  sung. 

The  proposition  to  erect  a  Cenotaph,  to  be  used  until  we  were 
able  to  erect  a  fitting  marble  monument,  was  presented  by 
Mrs.  Huff.  The  proposition  was  accepted,  and  Rev.  George 
Clark,  Colonel  L.  L.  Warthon,  and  Captain  P.  R.  Talliaferro, 
were  appointed  to  have  the  Cenotaph  erected,  and  Mrs.  Huff 
was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions  for  the  same.  The  sum 
required  was  readily  contributed,  and  an  immense  cross  of 
Georgia  pine,  with  three  steps  forming  its  base,  completed  the 
Cenotaph. 

This  was  the  first  Cross  of  Honor  presented  by  the  Daugh 
ters  of  Georgia  to  our  ee  Confederate  Dead." 

Colonel  John  Walter  made  the  Memorial  address,  and  Cap 
tain  Ike  Herman,  commanding  Howell's  Battery  and  the  Wash 
ington  Rifles,  directed  the  firing  of  salutes  in  honor  of  our  Dead 
Heroes.  The  Sandersville  Band,  under  Professor  F.  Gutten- 
berger,  furnished  music.  The  graves  of  those  who  "wore  the 
gray"  were  decorated  with  flowers,  and  the  Cenotaph  was 
wreathed  with  floral  tributes,  by  loving  hands,  to  the  memory 
of  those  killed  and  found  on  the  battlefield ;  who  sleep  their  last, 
from  home  and  loved  ones. 

Thus,  our  first  Memorial  Day,  on  April  26th,  1880,  was 
observed. 

May,  1881,  Mrs.  Huff  resigned  her  office,  having  moved  away. 

After  the  death  of  Mrs.  Hines,  Mrs.  Evans  was  elected 
President,  which  office  she  has  filled  with  great  ability  for 
twenty  years,  and  now  though  broken  in  health,  her  interest 

—  155  — 


in  the  work  is  still  an  inspiration  to  the  younger  women.  To 
her  patriotic  zeal  and  untiring  efforts  is  due  the  erection  of  a 
handsome  marble  monument  in  place  of  the  wooden  cross.  She 
was  generously  aided  and  encouraged  by  her  lamented  husband, 
and  ceased  not  until  her  efforts  were  crowned  with  success. 
The  following  is  the  inscription  on  the  monument : 

MONOGRAM. 
C.  S.  A. 
1861-1865. 

To  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  soldiers,  who  illustrated  Wash 
ington  County  on  many  battle-fields. 

A  Hero's  crown  is  thine  forever. 
There  are  deeds  which  should  not  pass  away; 
And  names  that  can  not  be  forgotten. 

Under  her  presidency  the  Association  has,  each  year,  executed 
most  beautiful  memorial  exercises,  and  we  have  been  taught, 
"To  live  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  love  us,  is  not  to  d'e."  To 
her  persistent,  patient  efforts  is  due  the  fact  that  our  Memorial 
Association  still  lives,  for  these  Associations  are  rapidly  being 
merged  into  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  and  we 
are  only  a  remnant  left  of  those  who  were  first  inspired  to  "keep 
their  memories  green."  May  her  mantle  fall  on  worthy  shoulders. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  MONUMENTS  ERECTED  TO  THE  CONFEDERATE    DEAD. 

Savannah,   Georgia. 

Monument  Erected  to  the 

Gettysburg  Dead. 


Through  Capt.  Dickerson's  generosity,  the  statue  of  Silence, 
which  was  originally  intended  for  the  Confederate  Monument 
in  Parade  Grounds,  was  placed  on  a  pedestal  over  the  Gettys 
burg  Dead  in  Confederate  Lot,  at  Laurel  Grove.  The  ivy  which 
clusters  around  the  base  of  this  mounment  was  brought  from 
Gettysburg  with  the  dead. 

On  the  west  side  is  the  following  inscription: 

"  To  the  Confederate  Dead. 
Here  rest  "till  Roll  Call' 
The  men  of  Gettysburg." 
—  156  — 


MONUMENT  TO  THE  GETTYSBURG  DEAD, 
Laurel  Grove  Cemetery,   Savannah,  Georgia. 


On  the  south: 


"  Tread  lightly !   for  each  man  bequeathed, 

Ere  placed  beneath  this  sod, 
His  ashes  to  his  native  land, 
His  gallant  soul  to  God." 

On  the  north : 

"  On  Fame's  eternal  camping  ground, 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread, 
And  glory  guards,  with  silent  round, 
The  bivouac  of  the  Dead." 

To  the  Confederate  Dead. 
Erected    by    the    "  Savannah    Memorial    Association." 

The  corner  stone  was  laid  on  June  19,  1874,,  City  Council,  Mili 
tary  and  Masons  taking  part.  Address  delivered  by  Capt.  Geo. 
Mercer.  Monument  was  unveiled  May  24,  1875.  Address 
delivered  by  Hon.  Julian  Hartridge.  By  request  of  the  Asso 
ciation  Gen.  J.  E.  Johnston  acted  as  Grand  Marshal.  The 
bronze  statue  of  a  Confederate  soldier  at  parade  rest,  which 
surmounts  the  monument,  was  presented  to  the  Association  by 
Mr.  De  Eenne,  who  also  presented  the  iron  railing  around  the 
enclosure. 

On  the  die  of  the  monument  is  the  inscription: 

"  Come  from  the  four  winds,  Oh,  breath 
And  breathe  upon  these  slain  that  they  may  live !" 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
SPARTA,  GEORGIA. 

As  early  as  1866,  the  patriotic  and  devoted  ladies  of  this 
noble  old  county  began  to  decorate  with  the  first  flowers  of 
Spring  the  graves  of  our  soldiers,  who  were  buried  in  reach  of 
their  loving  homage.  Sighs  and  tears  were  wafted  to  the 
unmarked  mounds  where  some  bleeding  heart  knew  its  loved 
one  lay,  sleeping  in  peaceful  rest,  all  unaware  of  the  pall  of  defeat 
which  overhung  the  Southland  they  had  died  to  save. 

At  the  first  mention  of  a  Memorial  Association  which  should 
band  us  together  in  sympathetic  union,  the  idea  was  accepted 
with  a  unanimity  beautiful  to  contemplate.  On  the  26th  of  April, 
1874,  our  organization  was  perfected  and  for  years  we  had 
regular,  formal  meetings.  We  cannot  claim,  however,  that  we 

—  157  — 


have  maintained  a  systematised  form,  during  the  latter  years. 
We  held  our  meetings  after  our  memorial  exercises,  and  the 
Officers  and  Executive  Committee  were  residents  of  Sparta, 
and  planned  and  prepared  the  celebration  of  the  day.  This  we 
have  varied  with  music,  orations,  recitations,  tableaux,  etc.,  all 
embodying  the  sentiments  of  the  memories  we  mean  to  per 
petuate.  In  1903  we  had  the  Adjutant  of  our  Veteran's  Camp 
to  call  the  roll  of  all  our  "Hancock  Companies,"  requesting 
some  comrade  to  make  statement  of  death,  or  present  home, 
adding  any  incident  of  special  interest  associated  with  army 
record.  It  was  pronounced  one  of  our  happiest  efforts ! 

In  the  distressed  and  impoverished  condition  of  our  people, 
we  did  not — we  could  not — attempt  to  remove  our  distant  dead, 
but  we  resolved  to  build  a  monument  which  should  represent 
to  every  bereaved  heart  a  memorial  of  its  "loved  and  lost."  This 
was  consummated  in  1881,  and  though  by  no  means  an  elegant 
or  imposing  structure,  it  is  sacredly  beautiful  to  the  earnest, 
devoted  women  who  labored  with  untiring  energy  to  accomplish 
this  object.  Its  base  is  of  granite,  the  gift  of  a  patriotic  citizen, 
right  out  of  the  heart  of  the  old  county  which  gave  them  to  the 
cause,  and  was  hauled  by  the  eager  kindness  of  those,  glad  of  an 
opportunity  to  show  their  interested  co-operation  in  our  work. 
This  base  is  surmounted  by  a  marble  column,  bearing  on  one 
tablet  the  inscription,  "  In  Memoriam  to  our  Confederate  Dead ;" 
on  another,  "Erected  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  1881 ;" 
on  third,  "  Georgia's  was  the  word,  and  their's  the  will  to  die ;" 
and  on  fourth,  the  Confederate  Seal.  It  is  located  on  a  lot  one 
hundred  feet  square,  in  front  of  and  on  oppostie  side  of  street 
from  Court  House.  This  lot  was  donated  by  the  Grand  Jury  and 
enclosed  by  the  Municipal  Board  by  a  beautiful  iron  fence  with 
gates  opening  on  walks  leading  up  to  the  monument  from 
every  side.  The  squares  thus  formed  are  covered  with  grass, 
studded  with  choice  shrubbery  and  border  plants.  Every 
Memorial  Day  our  monument  is  wreathed  with  evergreens,  token 
in  our  unforgetting  hearts !  We  claim  every  man,  woman  and 
rected  flowers  of  the  Spring  time,  as  fresh  and  sweet  as  the  love 
in  our  unforgetting  hearts !  We  claim  every  man,  woman  and 
child  as  members  of  our  Association,  levying  a  tax  of  ten  cents 
per  annum,  thus  securing  a  fund  for  necessary  expenditures. 
W^e  proudly  believe  there  are  none  more  loyal  or  more  faith 
ful,  as  is  evinced  by  their  constant  attendance  at  our  annual 

—  158  — 


memorial  exercises  and  their  ready  response  to  our  calls.  We 
have  kept  our  soldiers'  graves  marked  with  wooden  crosses 
which  require  frequent  renewal,  but  we  intend  substituting  these 
with  more  durable  headstones  of  marble  or  granite  and  are 
arranging  plans  for  this  purpose.  As  our  veteran  heroes  answer 
the  final  roll-call,  we  shall  honor  each  resting  place  with  our 
chosen  memorial,  till  the  last  shall  be  laid  away  and  we  shall 
follow  them  to  the  land  of  everlasting  peace!  Though  our 
country  was  engulfed  by  an  overwhelming  tide  and  her  defeated 
sword  was  returned  to  its  scabbard  to  be  drawn  never  more,  we 
still  glory  in  the  thought 

"  None  ever  waved  from  stain  so  free, 
Nor  purer  sword  led  braver  band, 
Nor  braver  bled,  for  a  brighter  land, 
Nor  brighter  land  had  a  cause  so  grand, 
Sleeping  proudly,  and  peacefully  !  " 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
THOMSON,  GEOKGIA. 

The  Confederate  Monument  in  Thomson,  Georgia,  was  erected 
by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  April  26,  1896.  Mrs. 
Thomas  J.  Hamilton  was  the  organizer  and  first  President  of 
the  Association,  one  of  the  first  to  be  organized  in  the  South, 
and  she  served  it  faithfully  from  the  date  of  organization  until 
her  death.  The  veterans  never  had  a  more  loyal  and  earnest 
friend.  She  worked  earnest!}'  for  twenty-five  years  to  secure- 
the  monument,  adding  a  little  every  year  to  the  fund.  Un 
daunted  by  the  lack  of  support,  she  persevered  until  success 
crowned  her  noble  efforts,  and  the  day  on  which  the  monument 
was  unveiled  was  the  happiest  day  of  her  life.  Her  death, 
occurred  two  years  ago, — she  was  tenderly  carried  to  her  last 
resting  place,  under  the  folds  of  our  beloved  flag,  on  a  flag- 
draped  bier.  The  members  of  the  Memorial  Association  will! 
erect  a  monument  to  her  memory.  Our  First  Vice-President.. 
Mrs.  N.  L.  Evans,  has  labored  lovingly  and  successfully  to- 
this  end,  and  preparations  are  now  being  made  to  unveil  the/ 
monument  on  Memorial  Day. 

The  Association  is  placing  memorial  tablets  to  the  memory 
of  the  captains  of  companies  that  left  Thomson  for  the  seat  off 
war  and  served  faithfully  until  the  surrender.  Mrs.  E.  S». 

—  159  — 


Harrison,  Jr.,  succeeded  her  mother  as  President,  and  is  loyal  to 
a  solemn  promise  made  to  her  noble  mother,  that  she  would 
continue  this  memorial  work,  so  dear  to  her  mother's  heart. 
Mrs.  Harrison  is  the  daughter  of  Captain  Thomas  J.  Hamilton, 
of  the  Hamilton  Eangers.  The  present  officers  are :  Mrs.  E.  S. 
Harrison,  Jr.,  President ;  Mrs.  N.  L.  Evans,  First  Vice-President ; 
Mrs.  Mary  Martin,  Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  H.  Johnson, 
Treasurer  and  Secretary;  Mrs.  J.  B.  Neal,  Corresponding 
Secretary. 

MRS.  OPHELIA  NEAL. 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL,  ASSOCIATION, 
WASHINGTON,  GEOEGIA. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  of  Washington,  Georgia, 
was  organized  in  1887  with  a  small  number  of  enthusiastic 
workers.  We  now  have  fifteen  members  on  our  roll,  all  of 
whom  are  earnest  women,  thoroughly  interested  in  the  work.  We 
have  quarterly  meetings  and  pay  one  dollar  annual  dues. 
Memorial  Day  is  appropriately  observed,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Memorial  Association.  On  that  day  we  serve  a  fine  dinner 
to  the  Veterans,  and  it  is  much  appreciated.  We  have  furnished 
marble  slabs  or  markers  for  all  the  soldiers'  graves.  We  have 
joined  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,  and 
are  interested  in  every  thing  connected  with  the  great  work  of 
preserving  the  record  and  perpetuating  the  memory  of  those 
who  lost  their  lives  in  the  struggle  for  States  Eights.  The 
officers  serving  at  present  are:  Mrs.  S.  A.  Dillard,  President; 
Mrs.  C.  E.  Irvin,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  I.  T.  Irvin,  Treasurer; 
Mrs.  G.  A.  Poche,  Eecording  Secretary. 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
WAYNESBOEO,  GEOEGIA. 

In  September,  1866,  Mrs.  Virginia  Blount  Eodgers  issued  a 
call  through  the  local  newspapers  to  the  women  of  Burke  County 
to  assemble  in  the  Court  house  for  the  purpose  of  organizing 
a  "  Ladies'  Memorial  Association."  A  large  number  responded 
and  the  association  was  organized  as  follows :  Mrs.  M.  A.  Mac- 

—  160  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1877. 
Waynesboro,  Georgia. 


Kenzie,  President;  Miss  Euth  Harlow,  Treasurer,  and  Mrs. 
Virginia  Blount  Kodgers  Secretary.  The  Vice-Presidents  were 
selected  from  the  Country  Churches  located  in  different  sections 
of  the  County.  There  was  no  enrollment  of  members.  The 
officers  were  elected  to  conduct  the  business  of  the  Association; 
every  woman  who  was  in  sympathy  with  the  Confederate  cause 
was  an  accepted  member.  The  purpose  of  the  Association  was 
stated  to  be  a  desire  to  keep  alive  the  memory  of  the  valor  and 
devotion  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  to  the  cause  they  knew 
to  be  right,  to  gather  from  scattered  and  neglected  graves  the 
remains  of  our  soldiers  hastily  buried  where  they  fell  in  Burke 
County,  to  give  them  Christian  burial  in  the  village  cemetery, 
to  honor  their  memory  by  decorating  their  graves  with  flowers 
once  a  year  on  a  day  set  apart  for  paying  this  tribute  of  love, 
and  to  erect  a  monument  to  the  Confederate  dead  of  Burke 
County.  No  time  was  lost  in  locating  the  graves  of  twelve 
soldiers  who  had  been  buried  along  the  roadside  where  they 
were  killed  in  a  skirmish  with  Kilpatrick's  cavalry,  between 
Walker's  Bridge  and  Old  Church,  on  the  afternoon  of  November 
the  24th,  1864,  and  removing  these  bodies  to  a  soldiers'  section. 

On  April  26th,  1867,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  the 
school  children  and  citizens  met  around  the  graves  of  these 
soldiers  to  cover  them  with  flowers  and  to  listen  to  the  story  of 
their  brave  struggle  told  by  Colonel  John  D.  Ashton.  How  our 
hearts  burned  within  us,  with  what  pride  and  enthusiasm  we 
listened  to  him,  as  he  recounted  the  bravery,  the  heroism  and 
the  suffering  of  our  boys  in  gray.  Few  could  tell  the  story  in 
words  as  thrilling  as  his,  and  few  indeed  there  were  among  his 
listeners  who  had  not  some  loved  one,  father,  husband,  brother 
or  son,  who  had  not  willingly  given  his  life  for  the  cause  which 
henceforth  was  to  be  but  a  memory.  And,  as  we  lovingly, 
tenderly  placed  our  flowers  on  the  sod  that  covered  men  that  we 
knew  only  as  Southern  soldiers,  the  thought  came  to  some  of 
us  that  other  Southern  women  were  doing  the  same  on  many 
an  "  Unknown  "  grave  of  our  own,  perhaps,  in  some  far  away 
Confederate  burial  ground. 

"  Unknown  is  all  thy  epitaph  can  tell, 
If  Jesus  knows   thee — all   is   well." 

From  the  date  of  our  organization,  constant  and  continuous 
effort  was  made  to  raise  money  for  a  Confederate  monument. 
Very  little  help  came  from  the  Vice-Presidents  in  the  country, 

—  161  — 


but  the  women  in  Wa}Tiesboro  never  nagged.  Concerts,  ice 
cream  festivals.,  children's  May  parties  were  given,  and  on  April 
26th,  1876,  Mrs.  Annie  Mandell  Mimnerlyn,  Treasurer,  reported 
$350.00  in  hand.  By  unfortunate  investment  we  had  lost  $100.00, 
and  about  $20.00  had  been  expended  in  exhuming  and  reinterrin^ 
the  bodies  of  the  soldiers.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  altogether, 
the  association  had  collected  about  $470.00.  In  these  days  of 
peace  and  prosperity  the  amount  may  seem  small,  but  this 
money  was  raised  during  the  days  of  re-construction,  and  was 
given  of  our  poverty  and  self-denial. 

After  memorial  exercises  at  the  soldiers'  section  April  26th? 
1876,  an  election  for  officers  was  held,  resulting  in  Mrs.  Moselle 
Carswell  Wilkins  being  elected  President,  and  Mrs.  Leora  Aze- 
liiie  Lawson,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Steps  were  immediately 
taken  to  erect  a  monument,  and  the  contract  was  made  with 
Theodore  Markwalter  for  $375.00.  Mr.  Joseph  Meyers  con 
tributed  twenty-five  dollars  to  this  fund.  A  meeting  of  the 
association  was  held  to  decide  upon  the  location  of  the  monu 
ment,  the  question  being  settled  by  a  small  majority  that  in 
the  cemetery  near  the  soldiers'  section  was  the  most  fitting  place. 
Januar}r  27th,  1877,  the  corner  stone  was  laid  with  masonic 
ceremonies  by  Grand  Master  John  S.  Davidson,  F.  and  A.  M. 
On  Memorial  Day  following,  our  monument  was  unveiled  by 
Sergeant  Robert  A.  Lawson  of  the  Stonewall  Rifles.  Judge 
Robert  A.  Falligant  was  orator  of  the  occasion,  and  his  reputa 
tion  for  brilliant  oratory  lost  none  of  its  lustre  in  the  beautiful 
speech  he  delivered  to  a  large  assemblage.  The  monument  was 
of  granite,  fifteen  feet  high,  with  tablets  of  white  marble  with 
the  inscriptions :  "  To  our  Confederate  dead ;"  "  Erected  by  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Burke  County,  April  26th, 
1877;"  "In  a  country's  memory  her  heroes  are  immortal;" 
"  They  who  die  for  their  country  fill  honored  graves." 

Our  soldiers'  section  is  substantially  inclosed  by  a  brick 
coping ;  each  grave  marked  with  a  marble  head-stone,  with  name 
and  command  as  far  as  obtainable.  Seven  are  marked  "  Un 
known."  The  section  is  sodded  and  neatly  kept.  The  associa 
tion  has  also  the  care  of  the  graves  of  Capt.  Walter  Thompson, 
Col.  John  R.  Sturgess  and  George  F.  Lawson  in  a  private 
section,  which  is  marked  like  the  others.  With  the  monument 
erected,  soldiers'  section  inclosed,  each  grave  marked,  there 
seemed  little  work  for  us  to  do  and  for  a  number  of  years  no 

182  — 


meetings  were  called.  Our  President  arranged  the  program  and 
procession  for  each  Memorial  Day,  which  always  includes  our 
Veterans,  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  the  school  children, 
local  military,  the  officials  of  the  municipality  and  citizens. 

On  January  18th,  1899,  Mrs.  Lawson,  the  sole  remaining 
officer  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  called  together  the 
women  of  Waynesboro  and  vicinity  to  decide  whether  the  Ladies' 
Memorial  Association  should  be  continued.  By  unanimous  vote 
it  was  determined  that  this  pioneer  Association  for  the  preser 
vation  of  Confederate  memories  and  sentiment  should  lie  perpet 
uated.  The  following  officers  were  elected  to  serve  one  year : 
Mrs.  Leora  Azeline  Lawson,  President ;  Mrs.  Inez  Wilkins  Jones, 
First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Walker  McCathern,  Second  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  F.  B.  Whitehead,  Secretary,  and  Mrs.  Annie 
Munnerlyn,  Treasurer.  It  would  be  hard  indeed  to  get  together 
a  more  enthusiastic  crowd  of  women  than  those  assembled  on 
that  cold  January  afternoon.  The  interest  in  the  Memorial 
Association  that  had  lain  dormant,  not  dead,  for  so  long,  was 
now  active  again — that  there  was  something  to  do.  Before  that 
meeting  ended,  it  was  decided  to  remove  the  monument  to  the 
principal  thoroughfare  of  the  town,  and  a  committee  was  ap 
pointed  to  ask  the  City  Council  for  permission  to  re-erect  it 
at  the  intersection  of  Liberty  and  Peace  streets.  Committees 
were  also  appointed  to  solicit  contributions  from  the  Council, 
County  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  other  sources,  and  to  ask 
for  estimates  on  the  work.  On  February  4th,  a  contract  was 
signed  with  Mr.  W.  F.  Bowe  for  $430.00,,  he  agreeing  to  take 
clown,  re-hammer  and  set  up  the  old  monument,  also  to  add  to 
its  height  five  feet.  The  expense  to  the  association  was  materi 
ally  lessened  by  the  kindness  of  Wilkins  &  Jones  in  doing  all 
the  necessary  hauling  free  of  charge.  April  26th,  1899,  was  a 
proud  day  in  the  history  of  our  association.  Our  monument 
improved,  was  in  place  in  the  most  conspicuous  thoroughfare 
of  the  town,  that  all  might  see  and  know  how  Southern  love 
remembers.  One  corner  of  the  base  was  left  open  for  placing  of 
the  corner  stone.  The  stone  was  laid  by  Hon.  W.  A.  Davis,  G-. 
M.,  F.  and  A.  M.,  he  using  the  trowel  that  was  used  twenty-two 
years  previous  for  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of  the  old 
monument.  The  Millen  and  Waynesboro  Lodges  F.  and  A.  M. 
assisted  in  this  beautiful  ceremony.  After  the  services  at  the 
monument  the  march  to  the  cemetery  was  resumed,  to  decorate 

—  163  — 


the  soldiers'  graves  and  to  listen  to  a  fine  memorial  address 
by  the  Hon.  Walter  C.  Hartridge.  The  memorial  oration  in 
1900  was  delivered  by  Mr.  Thos  W.  Hardwick.  On  May  31st, 
1900,  the  last  payment  was  made  for  the  work,  the  full  amount 
being  $419.05.  This  money  was  raised  by  donations  from  the 
Board  of  County  Commissioners,  City  Council  of  Waynesboro, 
Margaret  Jones  Chapter  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 
Waynesboro  History  Circle,  Public  School  Children,  and  contri 
butions  through  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  the  largest 
individual  contribution  being  twenty-five  dollars  from  Mr.  J. 
R.  Schneider.  Chancellor  Walter  B.  Hill,  of  the  University 
of  Georgia,  made  the  memorial  address  in  1901;  Capt.  Floyd 
Lawson  Scales,  of  the  Burke  Light  Infantry,  in  1902. 

In  all  of  our  processions  and  programs,  our  dear  old  Veterans 
have  always  the  post  of  honor,  escorted  by  the  local  military 
company.  Since  the  organization  of  the  H.  H.  Perry  Chapter, 
Children  of  the  Confederacy,  they  also  have  been  included. 
Our  record  is,  that  from  1867  to  1903,  Memorial  Day  has  been 
made  the  occasion  of  paying  homage  to  the  memory  of  our 
Confederate  dead,  and  our  children  taught  over  and  over  again, 
in  story  and  in  song,  that  Southern  Soldiers  were  not  rebels,  but 
patriots,  who  in  the  words  of  our  own  Gen.  John  B.  Gordon, 
"  Fought  the  bravest  fight  in  the  world  against  the  greatest 
odds."  The  present  officers,  who  were  elected  in  1901  and 
re-elected  in  January,  1902,  are:  Mrs.  Leora  Azeline  Lawson, 
President;  Mrs.  Annie  R.  Munnerlyn,  First  Vice-President ; 
Mrs.  L.  F.  Roberts,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Inez  Wilkins 
Jones,  Secretary;  Mrs.  Rosa  Moore  McMaster,  Treasurer. 

MRS.  LEORA  AZELINE  LAWSON, 

President. 


—  164  — 


PRESIDENTS  OF   MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATIONS. 

i.  Mrs.  A.  McC.  Kimbrough,  2.  Mrs.  A.  M.  Aiken. 

Greenwood,  Mississippi.  Danville,  Virginia. 

3.  Mrs.  E.  S.  Harrison.  Jr.,  4.  Mrs.  M.  W-  Camper, 

Thomson,  Georgia.  Florence,  Alabama. 

5.  Mrs.  S.  M.  Davis-Roy,  6.  Mrs.  Zylla  Moore  Cardin, 

Front  Royal,  Virginia.  View,  Kentucky. 


KENTUCKY 


ELIZA  EASTON  SHANNON  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
VIEW,  KENTUCKY. 

This  Memorial  Association  of  Kentuckians  was  organized  Feb 
ruary  12th.,  1904,,  at  View,  Kentucky,  with  the  following  officers: 
Mrs.  Zylla  Moore  Cardin,  President;  Mrs.  Victoria  Shannon 
Moore,  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Taylor,  Second  Vice-Presi- 
dent ;  Mrs.  Gus  Taylor,  Third  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  John  Wilson, 
Treasurer;  Miss  Evelyn  Shelby,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  Jas. 
C.  Baker,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Present  or  former  residence  in  Kentucky,  or  descent  from  an 
ancestor  who  lived  in  Kentucky,  is  a  requisite  for  membership. 
In  one  month  our  society  has  enrolled  members  in  Texas  and 
Missouri,  and  in  many  counties  of  Kentucky.  In  the  name  of 
our  organization  we  desire  to  perpetuate  the  name  of  some 
notable  women  born  in  Kentucky.  In  selecting  Eliza  Easton 
Shannon,  the  mother  of  our  first  Vice-President,  and  grand 
mother  of  our  Organizer  and  President,  we  pay  tribute  to  one 
who  lived  in,  and  was  an  ornament  to,  three  Eepublics — The 
United  States  of  America,  The  Republic  of  Texas,  and  The 
Confederate  States  of  America.  We  were  received,  February 
23,  1904,  in  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

Our  plans  include:  1st.  Active  co-operation  in  any  work  the 
Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  may  be  engaged 
in,  while  we  remain  members  of  that  body;  2nd.  Collecting 
funds  for  the  Jefferson  Davis  monument,  and  such  other  monu 
ments  and  memorials  as  commemorate  the  deeds  of  our  beloved 
Confederacy;  3rd.  The  Celebration  of  Memorial  Day. 

MRS.  JAMES  C.  BAKER, 
Corresponding  Secretary. 


—  165  — 


LOUISIANA 


LADIES'  CONFEDERATE  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
BATON  ROUGE,  LOUISIANA. 

The  ladies  of  the  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  of  Baton 
Rouge,  Louisiana,  with  pardonable  pride,  take  the  privilege  of 
reviewing  the  birth  and  early  stages  of  jthe  organization,  as  its 
incipiency  was  as  fraught  with  poetry  and  pathos  as  it  subse 
quent  career  has  been  one  of  successful  usefulness. 

The  Association  was  organized  in  1891,  by  the  late  lamented 
Mrs.  Johanna  Fox  Waddill,  one  of  those  bright  Angels  of  love 
and  mercy,  whose  strength  of  character,  and  undying  devotion 
to  the  cause  they  loved,  shone  forth  in  the  South's  darkest  hour 
and  soothed  its  anguish  in  time  of  sorest  need. 

Mrs.  Waddill  was  of  that  type  of  woman,  who,  forgetful 
of  aught  else,  except  the  dying  cry  of  her  wounded  Country, 
devoted  her  young  life  to  the  care  of  the  sick  and  bleeding 
Confederacy,  and  in  the  hospitals,  where  the  shattered  and 
maimed  bodies  of  the  boys  in  Gray  lay  strewn  like  broken  sea 
weed  rent  by  the  angry  surge  of  battle,  this  ministering  angel  of 
grace,  by  her  tender  care  of  the  wounded  and  dying,  found  a 
place  in  each  heart  that  shall  never  be  effaced. 

Until  her  death,  which  occurred  on  Januar}^  27th,  1899,  she 
was  faithful  to  the  cause  she  loved  and  was  made  honorary 
member  of  Camp  No.  17,  United  Confederate  Veterans,  and 
the  local  Chapter  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  adopted 
her  name  as  a  testimonial  to  this  Southern  heroine. 

No  monument  of  stone  marks  the  last  resting  place  of  Johanna 
Waddill,  but  her  memory  is  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of  those 
who  wore  the  Gray,  and  the  richest  legacy  they  shall  bequeath  to 
their  children  and  grandchildren,  shall  be  the  memory  of  this 
noble  Southern  woman. 

Johanna  Waddill  was  Organizer  and  first  President  of  the 
Association  during  her  life  and  when  death  removed  her  to  a 

—  166  — 


MRS.  M.  LOUISE  BENTON  GARNER-GRAHAM, 

Vice-President  for  Louisiana,  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


better  land  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  her  life,  well  spent,  the  mantle 
of  Presidency  settled  upon  the  shoulders  of  Mrs.  J.  W.  Bates, 
an  active  and  zealous  co-worker  in  the  cause  of  love  and 
rememberance. 

Since  its  organization  the  Association  has  erected  no  less 
than  two  hundred  head  stones  on  the  hitherto  unmarked  graves 
of  the  South's  bravest  and  best.  On  all  occasions  the  Association 
stands  ready  and  has  responded  with  zeal  and  alacrity  to  every 
call  when  the  honoring  of  the  Southern  dead  or  attention  to  the 
living  demands  their  services. 

On  the  occasions  of  the  various  reunions,  memorials  and 
other  similar  events,  it  has  been  with  willing  hands  that  they 
have  fashioned  garlands  to  twine  around  the  white  head-stones 
that  their  own  fair  hands  have  erected;  or  provided  cheer  for 
those  who  still  remain  of  that  proud  host  that  followed  where 
Lee  and  Jackson  lead. 

On  these  occasions  they  have  remembered  also  those  who  wore 
the  blue  and  died  in  a  cause  they  deemed  just,  to  lie  in  unmarked 
graves  away  from  home  and  loved  ones,  in  a  distant,  foreign 
land. 

As  the  Veterans  are  slowly,  and  one  by  one  answering  the  last 
roll  call,  so  is  the  membership  of  the  Association  being  decim 
ated  by  the  hand  of  time;  and  the  vacancies  so  created  in  our 
ranks,  appeal  most  forcibly  to  the  young,  and  invites  them  to 
enlist  their  good  offices  in  the  aim  and  interest  of  the  Association ; 
and  in  so  doing  they  shall  perpetuate  the  glory  and  untarnished 
fame  of  the  Southland  and  by  each  action  so  directed  acquit 
themselves  of  a  patriotic  duty  and  sacred  trust. 

The  monument  to  the  Confederate  Dead  was  erected  in  1886, 
by  the  men  and  women  of  East  and  West  Baton  Rouge. 

MRS.  W.  A.  HURST, 
Secretary. 


—  167  — 


LADIES'    CONFEDERATE    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION, 
NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

In  1861  Louisiana  seceded  from  the  Union  and  her  gallant 
sons  answered  her  call  in  defence  of  the  great  principle  of  State 
Sovereignty  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  In  all  portions  of  the  State  regiments  were  formed, 
and  despatched  to  the  seat  of  war.  With  hearts  thrilled  with 
patriotic  pride  our  women  bade  adieu  through  tear  dimmed 
eyes  to  father,  brother,  husband,  son,  aye  and  sweetheart  too, 
as  they  answered  the  call  to  arms.  War  is  dreadful,  it  means 
hardship  and  privation  to  the  brave  men  who  enlist,  and  brings 
sorrow  and  desolation  to  the  loved  ones,  patiently  watching  and 
praying  at  home.  Realizing  the  necesity  for  action,  a  group  of 
noble  women  responded  to  the  call  of  Mrs.  W.  H.  McLellan  and 
organized  the  "  Ladies'  Aid  Society,"  the  object  of  which  was  to 
provide  clothing  and  uniforms  for  our  State  troops.  During 
the  month  of  June,  1861,  these  ladies  met  at  the  residence  of 
Mrs.  P.  Fayssoux  to  begin  their  labor  of  love.  Mrs.  McLellan 
and  her  daughter,  Mrs.  C.  I.  Fayssoux,  having  been  instructed 
previously  in  tailoring,  were  prepared  to  superintend  the  work. 
Among  those  most  actively  interested  may  be  mentioned:  Mrs. 
W.  H.  McLellan,  the  founder,  Mrs.  P.  Fayssoux,  Mrs.  C.  I. 
Fayssoux,  Mrs.  Jonathan  Alston,  Mrs.  Archibald  Mitchell,  Mrs. 
Mary  Newman,  Mrs.  L.  Howe,  Miss  Hattie  Brittin  and  Mrs. 
F.  E.  Elliotte.* 

In  a  short  time  the  Askew  Guards,  Captain  Andrew  Brady, 
was  fitted  out  with  uniforms  by  these  faithful  workers.  This 
company  left  New  Orleans  for  Camp  Pulaski,  July  7th,  and 
thence  to  Richmond,  Virginia,  August  26th.  Finding  it  neces 
sary  to  have  a  more  commodious  place  of  meeting,  Mrs.  Jonathan 
Alston  procured  a  vacant  house  where  the  ladies  met  to  sew, 
and  where  they  stored  blankets  and  other  articles  donated  for 
the  use  and  comfort  of  our  soldier  boys.  Bolts  of  calico  to  be 
made  into  quilts,  a  bale  of  cotton  and  a  number  of  blankets 
were  among  the  contributions  received.  A  large  rubber  piano 
cover,  which  was  donated  by  a  patriotic  housekeeper,  was  con 
verted  into  two  waterproof'  coats,  to  be  worn  by  sentinels  on 
picket  duty.  Many  well  filled  boxes  found  their  way  to  the 
various  camps.  This  line  of  work  was  continued  until  the  City 

*Mrs.  McLellan's  son,  Captain  Charles  W.  McLellan,  enlisted  in  the  Crescent 
Rifles,  Seventh  Louisiana  Regiment,  in  1861.  and  was  killed  in  defence  of  Richmond 
on  June  1st.  1864. 

—  168  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1886. 
Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana. 


of  New  Orleans  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Federals.  Previous 
to  the  capture  of  the  city  many  soldiers  came  in  from  the 
adjacent  States,  those  from  Texas  were  quartered  in  the  cotton 
presses.  There  was  a  great  deal  of  sickness  among  the  men, 
and  they  were  visited  by  the  ladies ;  many  were  too  ill  to  remain 
at  the  cotton  presses;  these  were  removed  to  the  homes  of  Mrs. 
•  Jonathan  Alston,  Mrs.  Warner  and  Mrs.  (Dr.)  Henderson, 
where  they  received  every  possible  attention.  After  the  city 
•capitulated  all  articles  in  the  possession  of  the  "Ladies'  Aid 
Society"  were  sold,  the  cotton  brought  twenty  cents  a  pound. 
The  money  obtained  from  these  sales  was  used  to  pay  rents  and 
supply  food  and  clothing  to  the  wives  and  children  of  the  men 
who  were  fighting  for  home  and  property.  All  who  were  in 
need,  were  assisted  until  the  close  of  the  war,  but  this  work  had 
to  be  conducted  with  the  greatest  caution  and  secrecy.  The 
numberless  acts  of  atrocity  and  outrage  and  the  famous  order 
No.  28,*  which  characterized  the  administration  of  Benjamin 
F.  Butler,  when  Commander  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf, 
will  not  be  mentioned  in  this  history;  that  we,  the  women  of 
New  Orleans,  whom  he  termed  "she  adders,"  were  loyal  through 
every  persecution  is  our  proudest  boast.  When  the  last  sad  echo 
of  battle  and  defeat  resounded  throughout  our  beautiful  South 
land  and  stilled  forever  the  hopes  and  aspirations  of  those  who 
wore  the  gray,  a  sad  spectacle  was  presented  to  our  devoted 
women.  Men  who  four  years  before  had  left  home  in  all  the 
strength  and  vigor  of  perfect  manhood,  were  returning  maimed, 
crippled,  penniless,  bereft  of  all  save  honor,  and  utterly  unable 
to  assume  the  numerous  responsibilities  confronting  them  in 
order  to  begin  life  anew.  The  changed  conditions  necessitated 
a  re-organization  of  the  "Ladies'  Aid  Society," — it  was  chartered 
and  adopted  a  Constitution  and  By-laws,  in  order  that  the  neces 
sary  work  could  be  the  more  successfully  accomplished.  In. 
May,  1866,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  H.  T.  Bartlett,  the  ladies 
met  at  her  residence  and  re-organized  under  the  name  of  the 
"Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association."  The  objects  were 
three  fold : 

HEADQUARTERS  DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  GULF. 

NEW   ORLEANS,    May    15,  1862 
GENERAL  ORDERS  No.   28 

As  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  United  States  have  been  subject  to  repeated 
insults  from  the  women  (calling  themselves  ladies)  of  New  Orleans,  in  return  for 
the  most  scrupulous  non-inteference  and  courtesy  on  our  part,  it  is  ordered  that 
hereafter  when  any  female  shall  by  word,  gesture  or  movement  insult  or  show  con 
tempt  for  any  officer  or  soldier  of  the  United  States  she  shall  be  regarded  and  held 
liable  to  be  treated  as  a  woman  of  the  town  plying  her  avocation. 

By  command  of  Major-General  Butler. 

—  169  — 


1st.  To  provide  artificial  limbs  for  Confederate  soldiers,  no> 
public  provision  having  been  made  for  such. 

2nd.  To  mark  and  protect  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  dead,, 
and  when  deemed  necessary  and  found  practicable  to  remove  their 
remains  for  more  perfect  and  satisfactory  protection. 

3rd.  To  aid  and  assist  the  destitute  widows  and  orphans  of 
Confederate  soldiers.  The  officers  elected  were :  Mrs.  H.  T.  Bart- 
lett,  President;  Mrs.  Geo.  W.  Pritchard,  Yice-President ;  Miss  C. 
Hubbard,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Mrs.  E.  M.  Lacey,  Eecord- 
ing  Secretary;  Mrs.  Eisdon  D.  Cribble,  Treasurer.  Board  of 
Directors  to  serve  until  the  first  Wednesday  in  May,  1867,  and 
until  their  successors  shall  be  elected  and  qualified,  viz:  Mrs.. 
Harry  T.  Hays,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Mount,  Mrs.  I.  L.  Crawcour,  Mrs. 
Henry  Ginder,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Black,  Mrs.  Theodore  Shute,  Mrs.  J. 
K.  Gutheim,  Miss  M.  McCoard,  Mrs.  T.  B.  Heard,  Mrs.  E.  H. 
Browne,  Mrs.  J.  J.  Lyons,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Keener,  Mrs.  Y.  Harper,. 
Mrs.  J.  0.  Harris,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Eandall.  Board  of  counsel :  Wm. 
M.  Perkins,  M.  Musson,  Wm.  A.  Violett,  Colonel  Thomas  L. 
Bayne,  General  Harry  T.  Hays. 

During  the  first  year  Mrs.  Bartlett  resigned  on  account  of 
absence  from  the  country,  and  Mrs.  George  W.  Pritchard  was 
elected  President.  At  that  time  Major- General  Phil.  H.  Sheri 
dan  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  hearing 
of  the  purposes  of  the  ladies  stated  that  no  association  bearing 
the  title  "Confederate"  could  organize  under  existing  laws. 
Not  to  be  foiled,  the  ladies  declared  that  they  would  continue' 
their  work  under  another  name,  as  the  title  of  the  association 
mattered  little,  compared  with  the  work  to  be  accomplished. 
It  was  then  decided  to  change  the  name  to  the  "Ladies'  Benevo 
lent  Association  of  Louisiana,"  to  adopt  a  Constitution  and 
By-laws  and  make  immediate  application  for  a  charter.  The 
correspondence  between  Major-General  Phil.  H.  Sheridan  and 
the  District  Attorney  of  the  State  here  follows : 

HEADQUARTERS   DEPARTMENT   OF   THE   GULF, 
NEW  ORLEANS,  LA.,  SEPT.   14,   1866. 
MRS.  C.  M.  PRITCHARD,  New  Orleans,  La. : 

Madam — I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note 
of  the  i3th  inst,  and  have  read  the  Constitution  of  "  LADIES'  BENEVO 
LENT  ASSOCIATION  OF  LOUISIANA." 

I  have  no  objection  to  the  purposes  of  the  Association,  and  trust  that 
the  high  character  of  the  ladies  connected  with  it  will  confine  it  strictly 
to  the  objects  set  forth. 

I  am  very  respectfully,  Your  obedient  servant, 

P.   H.   SHERIDAN, 
Major  General,.  U..  S..  A. 
—  170  — 


NEW  ORLEANS,  LA.,  OCT.  6,  1866. 

I,  Charles  H.  Luzenberg,  District  Attorney  of  the  First  Judicial  Dis 
trict,  State  of  Louisiana,  hereby  certify  that  I  have  examined  the  fore 
going  "  Constitution  and  By-Laws  "  of  the  "  LADIES'  BENEVOLENT  AS 
SOCIATION  OF  LOUISIANA/'  and  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  purposes  and 
objects  of  the  said  Association  are  legal,  and  that  none  of  the  pro 
visions  in  said  "  Constitution  and  By-Laws  "  are  contrary  to  law. 

C.  H.  LUZENBERG,  District  Attorney. 
First  Judicial  District,  State  of  Louisiana. 

As  will  be  seen  the  "  Ladies7  Benevolent  Association  of  Louisi 
ana"  was  the  successor  of  the  Ladies'  Aid   Society,  and  was 
organized  May  10,  1866,  and  was  chartered  in  October  of  the 
same  year.    In  December,  1866,  a  grand  bazaar  was  held  under 
the   auspices   of   the   Ladies7   Benevolent   Association,   the   net 
proceeds  of  which  amounted  to  $15,021.70,  and  with  donations 
from  other  sources,  this  sum  was  increased  to  $20,002.58.     In 
the  first  annual  report  it  is  stated  that  the  total  amount  expended 
for  artificial  limbs,  rental  of  homes,  the  subsistence  of  widows 
and    orphans    of    Confederate    soldiers,    the    transportation    of 
soldiers  to  their  homes,  and  for  the  removal  and  reburial  of  the 
dead,   was   $11,765.34,   leaving   in   the   treasury   a   balance   of 
$8,237.00  with  which  to  continue  the  work  inaugurated  by  the 
Association.      The   ladies   continued   to   raise   funds   for   these 
specific  purposes,  and  above  all  it  held  most  sacred  the  removal 
of  the  dead,  their  re-burial  and  eventually  to  erect  a  monument 
over    these    sacred    remains.      The    Firemen's    Charitable    and 
Benevolent  Association,  touched  by  the  devotion  of  these  noble 
women,  generously  donated  a  plat  of  ground  in  the  Greenwood 
Cemetery,   offering   it   as   the   site   upon   which   the   proposed 
monument  should  be  erected.     From  1866  till  1874  very  few 
changes  took  place  in  the  personnel  of  the  Association ;  its  finan 
cial  condition  was  prosperous ;  its  receipts  from  all  sources  during 
this  time  amounted  to  $29,907.     From  this  sum  $18,522  was 
expended  for  charitable  purposes,  and  the  remaining  $11,385 
were  used  in  paying  for  the  crypt,  the  removal  and  re-burial  of 
several  hundred  soldiers  and  erecting  the  monument.     Among 
the   most   generous   contributors   to   this   fund   was    Mr.    Paul 
Tulane,  a  former  resident  of  New  Orleans,  but  at  that  time 
residing  in  New  Jersey.    He  was  unable  to  reach  New  Orleans 
in  time  to  be  present  at  the  dedication  of  the  monument,  to 
which  he  had  been  invited,  but  he  sent  his  check  for  three  hun 
dred  dollars  to  the  ladies  of  the  Association.    Arrangements  had 
been  made  to  dedicate  the  monument  on  April  6th,  the  anni- 

—  171  — 


versary  of  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  but  owing  to  the  inclemency  of 
the  weather  the  ceremony  was  postponed  until  April  10th.  By 
a  singular  coincidence  the  day  chosen  was  the  birthday  of 
General  Leonidas  Polk,  whose  bust  ornaments  one  side  of  the 
monument.  The  following  description  of  the  monument  and  an 
account  of  the  dedication  ceremony,  taken  from  one  of  the 
principal  newspapers  on  the  day  following,  will  be  read 
with  interest.  It  will  be  seen  that  Rev.  B.  M.  Palmer, 
D.  D.,  was  present  to  invoke  God's  blessing,  and  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Leacock,  who  bade  the  soldiers  God  speed  and  blessed 
their  banners  as  they  marched  forth  to  battle  for  Southern 
Rights,  was  there  also  and  pronounced  the  last  solemn  benedic 
tion,  while  the  Hon.  Horatio  Nash  Ogden,  the  distinguished 
orator  of  the  day,  held  the  multitude  spellbound  by  his  matchless 
eloquence,  and  Xariffa,  our  talented  and  gifted  poetess  (Mrs. 
Gideon  Townsend),  paid  her  tribute  in  verse  to  the  silent  heroes 
of  a  cause  which  though  "  lost  was  still  just." 

DEDICATION  OF  THE  MONUMENT — IMPOSING  CEREMONIES. 

(From  the  New  Orleans  Bulletin,  April  n,  1874.) 

The  day  set  apart  for  the  dedication  of  the  Monument  to  the 
Confederate  Dead  by  the  Ladies'  Benevolent  Association  of 
Louisiana,  dawned  bright  and  clear  and  remained  so  until 
rosy  sunset,  while  nature  wore  its  sweetest  smiles  as  if  in  appro 
bation  of  the  event.  The  very  fields  and  pastures  seemed  to 
partake  of  the  spirit  of  deep  solemnity  and  respect  which  had 
gathered  the  immense  throngs  about  the  spot  for  the  worthy 
purpose  of  paying  their  tribute  of  respect  to  the  dead,  and  also 
to  behold  the  consummation  of  Southern  women's  indomitable 
energy. 

The  attendance  was  immense.  Long  before  the  appointed 
hour,  hundreds  assembled  around  the  cherished  place,  and  still 
they  came  pouring  in  from  the  fast  arriving  cars  in  one  solid 
stream,  soon  swelling  the  sea  of  heads  to  thousands.  There 
must  have  been  at  least  five  thousand  present.  Waiting  for 
the  commencement  of  the  dedicatory  ceremonies,  a  band  in  at 
tendance  discoursed  sweet  music  while  the  fair  hands  of  many 
tender-hearted  women  and  children  deposited  their  floral  offer 
ings  about  the  base  of  the  monument,  which  soon  presented  one 
solid  mass  of  flowers.  Varied  and  interesting  to  observe  were 
the  expressions  of  physiognomy.  The  old,  with  tearful  eyes  at 

—  172  — 


MRS.  ALICE  WHITING  WATERMAN, 

Native  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  who  cared  for  the  graves  of  the  Confed 
erate  Prisoners  who  Died  at   Madison,  Wisconsin. 


the  memory  of  dear  ones  lost,  placed  their  flowers  and  stepped 
aside;  the  children  approached  the  spot  with  a  smile  on  their 
pretty,  bright  faces,  their  little  hearts  swelling  with  pride  and 
pleasure  at  the  honor  of  paying  their  floral  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  those  who  had  met  with  a  brave  and  honorable  death. 

The  monument  is  a  masterpiece  of  art.  It  stands  upon  an 
elevated  quadrilateral  and  pyramidal  mound,  the  base  of  which 
is  surrounded  by  a  granite  edge.  Steps  of  the  same  material 
lead  to  the  top  of  the  mound,  where  is  a  terrace  paved  with 
granite,  and  upon  this  is  placed  the  monument  proper.  It  is  a 
column  of  the  finest  Italian  marble,  beautifully  designed  and 
executed,  surmounted  by  the  life  size  standing  figure  of  a 
Confederate  soldier,  fully  equipped  and  apparently  on  picket 
duty,  resting  on  his  gun.  The  eyes  are  intently  fixed  upon  some 
distant  point,  and  the  expression  of  the  face  is  one  of  beautiful 
earnestness  and  firmness.  About  the  four  sides  of  the  monument 
are  the  busts  and  striking  likenesses  of  Generals  "Stonewall* 
Jackson,  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  Polk  and  Lee. 

On  the  front  is  the  following  inscription : 

IN  COMMEMORATION  OF 
THE  HEROIC  VIRTUES  OF  THE 

CONFEDERATE  SOLDIER, 

THIS  MONUMENT  is  ERECTED  BY  THE 

LADIES'  BENEVOLENT  ASSOCIATION  OF  LOUISIANA. 

ORATION  BY  HON.  HORATIO  X.  OGDEN. 

I  am  profoundly  affected  by  the  solemnity  of  the  occasion 
which  has  called  us  together.  Standing  here  beside  this  noble 
monument,  beneath  whose  solid  base  repose  the  ashes  of  our 
gallant  dead;  surrounded  by  this  living  throng,  expected  to 
speak  the  praises  of  men  whose  merits  are  beyond  expression, 
and  that,  in  the  hearing  of  an  audience  whose  hearts  are  already 
bounding  with  enthusiastic  admiration  for  their  deeds  of  noble 
daring,  I  confess  myself  oppressed  by  a  most  painful  conscious 
ness  of  inability  to  discharge  worthily  the  sacred  duty  devolved 
upon  me. 

The  occasion  itself  is  so  full  of  eloquence.  The  sad,  sad  facts 
are  all  so  fresh  in  every  memory.  The  desolations  of  the  war 
still  lie  so  heavily  upon  every  portion  of  our  devoted  land — and 

—  173  — 


the  wounds  in  those  hearts  which  were  called  upon  to  give  up 
their  dearest  treasures  upon  the  bloody  field  of  battle,  are  all  so 
green  and  tender.  The  monument  itself  has  such  a  living, 
breathing  expression  about  it.  It  speaks  to  us  to-day,  in  tones 
so  melancholy,  yet  so  distinct,  of  those  brave  men  who  died  in 
our  defence.  To  interrupt  the  current  of  your  thoughts  as  you 
gaze  upon  the  splendid  work,  seems  almost  profanation.  Gaze 
on !  It  covers  your  dead,  and  has  been  raised  by  pious  hands  to 
perpetuate  their  fame. 

Had  the  fortunes  of  war  been  different — had  victory  crowned 
our  well  deserving  arms,  and  had  those  splendid  legions  whose 
invincible  courage  has  filled  the  world  with  admiration,  come 
marching  home  in  seried  column  to  receive  a  new-born  nation's 
gratitude,  we  might,  perchance,  have  been  to-day  laying  broad 
foundations  for  another  monument  like  Bunker  Hill,  whose 
proud  crest  should  rise  until  it  "met  the  sun  in  his  coming,  the 
earliest  lights  of  morning  gilding,  and  the  parting  day  lingering 
and  playing  upon  its  summit."  Yon  great  city  lying  now  so 
quiet  beneath  the  slanting  rays  of  the  evening  sun,  as  if  wrapt 
in  the  spirit  of  this  sacred  spot — its  energies  all  dead — its  pros 
perity  gone — its  every  interest  drooping  and  decaying — might 
to-day  have  been  merely  pausing  in  the  midst  of  a  splendid 
career  of  commercial  prosperity — donning  her  robes  of  rejoicing, 
pealing  out  from  her  hundred  belfrys  her  song  of  happiness, 
and  pouring  her  sons  and  daughters  in  pride  around  a  work 
intended  to  transmit  and  perpetuate  the  story  of  her  power  and 
greatness. 

How  different  the  occasion  which  has  called  us  forth.  We  are 
not  here  a  conquering,  but  a  conquered  people.  We  have  come 
in  the  face  of  defeat,  disaster  and  suffering,  with  a  country 
desolated  and  in  ruins,  simply  to  testify  before  the  world,  that 
we  are  faithful  to  our  dead ;  that  time  and  misfortune  have  only 
served,  and  can  only  serve,  to  freshen  and  purify  the  eternal 
gratitude  we  feel  to  those  noble  men  who  laid  down  their  lives 
for  us. 

The  most  implacable  hatred  can  follow  no  further  than  the 
portals  of  the  grave — there  all  its  offices  and  its  powers  of  evil 
cease.  While  love,  immortal  essence,  sweet  flowret,  drop  from 
Heaven's  own  garden  among  the  stinging  thorns  and  briars  of 
our  sin  cursed  earth — love,  passing  beyond  the  tomb,  delights 

—  174  — 


itself  in  the  performance  of  these  sacred  rites  which  have 
assembled  us  to-day. 

We  are  here  to  celebrate  the  obsequies  of  our  dead.,  and  in  the 
dedication  of  this  noble  structure,  to  pay  a  double  and  well 
deserved  compliment  at  once  to  the  valor  of  our  men,  and  to  the 
pious  devotion  of  our  women.  For  this  work  shall  bear  through 
all  the  ages  that  are  to  come,  a  silent  but  most  impressive  testi 
mony,  not  alone  to  the  gallantry  of  the  Southern  soldier,  but  at 
the  same  time,  and  with  equal  emphasis,  to  the  self-sacrificing 
devotion  of  the  Southern  woman. 

What  a  fit  sequel  to  the  sad  story  of  the  war.  The  same  love 
that  watched  with  untiring  vigilance  at  the  bedside  of  the  sick 
and  dying — that  moved  without  fear  in  the  midst  of  the  loath 
some  pestilence,  and  upon  the  dreadful  field  of  strife — that 
bound  up  the  soldier's  bleeding  wounds,  and  ministered  to  his 
every  want,  has  at  last,  and  under  every  discouragement,  raised 
this  magnificent  monument  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  his 
deeds. 

Let  us  pause  a  moment  and  consider  briefly  the  history,  the 
significance  and  the  destiny  of  this  memorial  structure.  Let  us 
try  to  understand  the  lessons  it  may  teach.  Immediately  after 
the  cessation  of  hostilities,  a  few  noble  women  organized  them 
selves  into  a  society,  and  fitly  naming  it  the  "Ladies'  Benevolent 
Association,"  set  bravely  forward  upon  the  grand  work  of  pro 
viding  necessities  for  the  living  and  protection  for  the  graves 
of  dead  Confederates. 

It  was  an  awful  hour !  The  armies  of  the  South  had  been 
defeated  and  overthrown,  her  splendid  battalions,  led  on  by 
captains  whose  renown  has  filled  the  earth,  had  been  at  last 
compelled  to  yield  to  overpowering  numbers.  Even  the  match 
less  hosts  of  Lee,  which  had  never  moved  except  to  certain 
victory,  compelled  by  pure  exhaustion,  had  laid  down  those  arms 
which  for  four  long,  weary  years,  had  presented  a  wall  of  living 
fire  to  the  invaders.  The  sword  of  the  immortal  chieftain 
himself,  which  had  flashed  in  the  sunlight  of  Heaven  upon  a 
hundred  victorious  battle  fields,  was  returned  to  its  scabbard. 
We  were  a  conquered  people,  and  the  Confederate  soldier,  foot 
sore  and  heart-broken,  turned  his  sorrowing  face  towards  the 
home  in  which  his  hopes  were  treasured. 

A  mantle  of  decay  had  fallen  upon  the  entire  land,  from  the 
Rio  Grande  to  the  Potomac.  Everywhere  poverty,  distress  and 

—  175  — 


wretchedness  met  his  anxious  eye.  It  seemed  actually  as  if  the 
wand  of  some  fell  magician  had  been  invoked  to  transform  the 
very  earth  and  skies.  All,  all  was  changed.  The  victorious 
armies  of  the  North  had  gone  marching  gaily  homeward,  "with 
all  the  pride  and  pomp  and  circumstances  of  glorious  war,"  to 
meet  the  welcome  of  teeming  cities  and  homes  where  plenty 
smiled  in  joyous  expectation,  while  the  poor  Confederate  soldier, 
the  hero  of  a  hundred  battlefields — the  gallant,  noble,  daring  and 
chivalric  defender  of  a  people's  rights  and  liberties,  came  wander 
ing  o'er  desolated  fields  and  blackened  heaths,  to  find  his  home 
dismantled,  his  family  in  want,  himself  proscribed,  and  an  alien 
upon  the  soil  which  gave  him  birth. 

It  was  at  such  a  moment — a  moment  when  the  very  heavens 
seemed  hung  in  black,  that  these  pure  and  noble  matrons  minis 
tering  always  at  love's  sacred  altar,  conceived  the  heaven  inspired 
thought,  which  has  found  its  consummation  in  this  splendid 
testimonial  which  we  unveiled  to-day. 

Had  this  work  been  accomplished  in  a  time  of  prosperity,  and 
with  means  contributed  from  the  superfluities  of  a  fortunate  and 
happy  people — had  it  been  raised  to  commemorate  a  successful 
event,  who  could  tell  how  much  of  human  vanity  and  human 
pride  had  mingled  with  the  purer  elements  of  faith  and  love  in 
its  construction?  It  represents  no  successful,  but  a  beaten 
cause.  It  has  been  erected,  not  from  the  superfluities  of  a  pros 
perous,  but  from  the  necessities  of  a  ruined  and  impoverished 
people.  It  has  about  it  much  of  the  sweet  air  of  charity,  so 
beautifully  illustrated  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  by  the  casting  in 
of  the  widow's  mite.  Who  then  may  doubt  but  that  it  is  the 
simple  gift  of  an  adoring  love?  And  who  may  say,  hereafter, 
whether  we  have  most  to  boast  in  the  noble  daring  of  our  soldiers, 
or  in  the  gentle  love  and  fidelity  of  our  noble  women? 

In  the  rearing  of  this  proud  monument,  the  faith  of  woman 
has  answered  fully  to  the  challenge  of  the  soldiers'  courage ;  and 
henceforth  it  shall  stand — the  noble  representative  of  those 
twin  and  intertwining  ideas  of  a  nation's  grandeur,  the  courage 
of  her  sons,  and  the  virtue  of  her  daughters.  Such  an  occasion 
should  inspire  us  with  high  purposes  and  resolves.  There  are 
sacred  duties  which  we  owe  to  these  dead  Confederates.  We  can 
not  separate  ourselves  from  them,  even  if  we  would.  They  are 
our  dead  brothers — indissolubly  bound  up  with  us  in  a  sweet 
community  of  tradition,  of  suffering,  of  glory,  and  of  destiny, 

—  176  — 


"CONFEDERATE    REST,:" 

In  Memory  of  the  Confederate  "Prison   Dead." 
Madison,    Wisconsin. 


That  was  a  noble  devotion  among  the  old  Romans  which  gave  rise 
to  the  splendid  fiction  of  their  law,  by  which  the  men  who  had 
fallen  in  defence  of  the  Republic  were  not  considered  dead.,  but 
as  living  perpetually  in  the  immortality  of  their  fame. 

What  would  we  have  now,  worth  calling  a  possession,,  were  it 
not  for  the  memory  of  these  dead  men — were  it  not  for  the 
priceless  legacy  of  fame  they  have  given  us?  They  have  made 
our  land  illustrious,  and  in  the  midst  of  this  dark  night  of  our 
t  misfortune,  are  planted  in  the  clear  firmament  of  our  skies,  like 
so  many  stars  of  first  magnitude,  to  reflect  upon  us  the  soft  light 
of  truth.  Let  us  prize  them  as  -we  ought.  Oh  !  if  we  had  nothing 
left  except  the  spotless  character  of  our  Lee,  we  would  still  be  a 
rich  people — rich  in  all  that  is  worth  preserving,  all  that  shall 
endure — a  nation's  honor  and  renown.  What  a  beautiful  Provi 
dence  that  was  which  lengthened  out  the  life  of  this  illustrious 
chieftain! — that  having  moved  the  central  figure  in  our  great 
struggle  for  freedom,  he  might  become  our  faithful  guide  in 
peace.  He  is,  literally,  the  connecting  link  between  the  living 
and  the  dead  Confederates.  His  life,  resting  as  it  did  upon  the 
two  grand  polar  principles  of  truth  and  faith,  teaches  us  the  one 
sublime  lesson  of  duty.  Let  us  see  to  it,  that  the  lesson  is  well 
learned. 

It  is  a  proud  thought  that  these  monuments,  which  we  are 
raising  in  our  weakness,  to  commemorate  the  deeds  of  a  fallen 
cause,  are  to  become,  at  no  distant  day,  centres  of  universal 
attraction; — that  this  sacred  spot  will  be  never  less  loved,  less 
faithfully  tended  than  it  is  this  evening.  I  may  not  now  discuss 
the  questions  involved  in  these  reflections,  neither  time  nor  the 
occasion  permit.  But  I  may  tell  you  that  the  principles  for 
which  these  men  died  "are  not  dead,  but  sleeping,"  for  they  are 
the  principles  of  the  Constitution,  and  as  indestructible  as  truth 
itself.  There  is  a  future  of  prosperity  and  happiness  for 
Louisiana  and  the  South.  The  night  has  been  long  and  dreary, 
so  long  and  so  dreary  that  we  have  almost  ceased  to  watch  for 
the  morning.  But  the  day  will  break,  and  these  fertile  fields^ 
now  lying  fallow  and  waste  in  the  long  winter  night  of  our  mis 
fortune,  will  be  flooded  with  the  genial  light  of  liberty,  and  put 
on  once  more  the  gorgeous  robes  of  plenty.  Already  the  eastern, 
horizon  is  tinged  by  the  rosy  fingers  of  Aurora,  as  she  lifts  the? 
curtain  of  the  slowly-coming  day,  and  this  noble  statue  of  ouv 

— 177  — 


own  dead  soldier.,  like  the  famed  statue  of  Memnon,  will  utter  a 
joyful  sound  as  the  sun  of  liberty  shall  rise  upon  it. 

You  and  I  may  not  live  to  see  the  day,  but  this  splendid 
structure,  freighted  with  the  memories  of  our  dead,  will  catch 
upon  its  crest  the  sunlight  of  that  blessed  dawn,  and  every 
sacred  memory  enshrined  within  it  find  voice  and  utterance  for 
our  vindication.  Yes !  this  solid  monument,  as  the  golden  sun 
of  liberty  pours  round  its  noble  base,  will  sing  to  listening  ears 
the  story  of  our  arms.  It  will  sing  of  Chancellorsville,  and  of 
Fredericksburg,  of  Shiloh  and  Manassas.  It  will  tell  of  our  Lee, 
of  our  Jackson,  of  our  Johnston,  and  our  Polk,  but  above  all,  it 
will  tell  of  the  love  that  prompted,  and  of  the  devotion  which 
has  accomplished,  under  every  circumstance  of  discouragement, 
this  splendid  testimonial  to  the  memory  of 

OUK  DEAD ! 


ODE  TO  THE  CONFEDERATE  DEAD,  BURIED  IN 
GREENWOOD  CEMETERY. 


Dedicated  to   the  Ladies'  Benevolent  Association   of  Louisiana. 


MARY  ASHLEY  TOWNSEND. 


Sons  of  the  South !  on  Southern  soil 

Thy  last  white  tent   is  builded ; 
Its  walls  by  Southern  midnights  gloomed, 

By  Southern  mornings  gilded. 
And  Southern  hearts  and  Southern  lips, 

Meet  here  to  tell  the  story 
Of  heroes'  lives,  that  passed  from  earth 

On   Southern  fields  of  glory. 

From  proud  Virginia's   haughty  hills, 

From  Shiloh's  verdant  valley, 
Ye  in  your  silent  ranks  have  come 

To  this  your  last  grand  rally. 
Here  rest!  toward  your  camping  ground 

No  foeman's  foot  is  springing; 
Sleep  on,  till  down  the  line,  the  last 

Dead  reveille  is  ringing. 

—  178  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1874. 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


No  tide  of  battle  here  will  break 

The  quiet  of  your  sleeping; 
The  Angel  of  Eternal  Peace 

Enfolds  you   in   his   keeping. 
No  bugle  note,  no  rattling  drum, 

Your  pulses   shall   unloose; 
Ye  rest  beneath  the   sacred  folds 

Of  Death's  own  flag  of  truce. 

Whose  were  the   dear  home  hands   that  held 

These  hands  at  hour  of  parting? 
Whose  fond  lips  cheered  the  soldier  on 

While  bitter  tears  were  starting? 
Whose  were  the  bleeding  hearts  that  prayed 

These  feet  might  never  falter, 
And  broke,  in  laying  sacrifice 

Upon  their  country's  altar? 

We  know  them  not,  nor  e'er  can  know ; 

But  by  affection's  laws, 
All  those  are  loved,  who  their  beloved 

Gave  for  the  common  cause. 
Mother  and   sister,   sweetheart   and  wife, 

The  dust  that  here   reposes 
Lies,   dear  to  every   Southern  heart, 

Beneath  these  Easter  roses. 

There  is  an  ancient  legend  told, 

Of  some  saint,  sage  and  hoary, 
Who  spent  his  life  in  writing  out 

The  sacred  Bible  story. 
In  after  time,   his   opened  tomb 

Showed  that  the  saint  had  perished, 
All   save  the   good  right-hand,   whose  toil 

The  Holy  Book  had  cherished. 

And  unto  that,  the  story  saith, 

Such   attributes   were  given, 
That    it,    unblemished    and    unchanged, 

Went  straightway  up  to  Heaven: 
So   would   it   seem  the   noble   hearts 

That  wrought  this  work  of  love, 
Required  no  earthly  change  to  fit 

Them  for  the  realms  above. 

With  tender  care,  they've  gathered  here, 

Safe  from  the  scoffer's  tread, 
A  whole  battalion  strong,  the  files 

Of  unknown   soldier-dead. 

—  179  — 


Upon  the  couch  thus  gently  smoothed. 

No  care,  no  strife  assailing, 
These   calm  unbroken  ranks  await 

The  final  vast  unveiling. 

Shoulder  to  shoulder,  side  by  side, 

In  stately  marching  order, 
Their  noble  spirits  have  passed  on 

Across  the  Silent  Border. 
No  earthly  challenge  halts  them  as 

They  tread  the  starry  arches, 
And  pass  through  unknown,   upper  realms, 

O  their  mysterious  marches. 

We  can  but  weep  above  their  clay, 

And  hold  this  holy  urn 
As  something  sacred,  unto  which 

Our  hearts   will  ever  turn. 
Oh,  Marble  Sentry!  guard  them  well, 

These  children  of  a  nation, — 
We  leave  them  to  the  stars  and  thee, 

Grand  in  their  desolation. 


With  each  recurring  year  Memorial  Day  is  fittingly  celebrated. 
For  the  first  few  years  after  the  dedication,  no  regular  program 
was  observed^  the  ladies  alone  going  to  Greenwood  to  place  flowers 
on  the  mound;  and  when  circumstances  permitted,  an  appropri 
ate  oration  was  delivered.  The  speakers  have  been  chosen  always 
from  the  Veterans.  Those  who  have  been  thus  honored  are  here 
named:  Hon.  Horatio  Nash  Ogden,  General  Chas.  E.  Hooker, 
of  Mississippi,  Hon.  L.  D.  Sandidge,  Colonel  A.  J.  Lewis, 
Eev.  Thos.  E.  Markham,  D.  D.,  Hon.  Chas.  E.  Fenner,  Hon. 
Thos.  J.-  Semmes,  Hon.  Felix  P.  Poche,  Colonel  Eugene  Wagga- 
man,  Hon.  Walter  H.  Rogers,  Professor  T.  J.  Dimitry,  Hon.  F. 

A.  Monroe,   Rev.   D.    S.   Purser,   Mr.    Edwin   Marks,    Colonel 
Frank  L.  Richardson,  Hon.  F.  P.  Stubbs,  Colonel  A.  B.  Booth, 
Rev.    B.  M.    Palmer,    D.    D.,    Captain    James    Dinkins,    Hon. 

B.  F.  Jonas  and  Hon.  T.  C.  W.  Ellis.    On  Memorial  Day  in  the 
year  1875,  while  the  ladies  were  engaged  in  their  memorial  work, 
they  noticed  three  strange  ladies,  accompanied  by  two  United 
States  Officers,  approach  the  monument  and  place  a  beautiful 
bunch  of  flowers,  and  after  lingering  awhile,  quietly  turn  away. 
Who  knows,  perhaps  one  near  and  dear  to  them,  had  given  up 

—  180  — 


his  life  on  the  altar  of  duty,  and  had  been  laid  to  rest  among 
strangers,  and  in  placing  these  flowers  on  the  monument  to  our 
dead,  they  hoped  that  some  kind  friend  would  remember  the  one 
they  loved.  This  was  the  beginning  of  an  annual  exchange  of 
floral  offerings,  on  Memorial  and  Decoration  Days,  between  the 
Confederate  organization  and  that  of  the  Union  Veterans.  In 
1896,  the  Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Association  took  part 
in  the  memorial  exercises  for  the  first  time.  In  1897  April  6th 
was  made  a  legal  holiday,  and  the  exercises  were  unusually 
solemn  and  impressive.  Since  1897  the  following  program  has 
been  faithfully  observed :  The  Veterans,  escorted  by  the  State 
troops,  assemble  at  Memorial  Hall  at  2  p.  m.,  and  proceeding 
first  to  the  Lee  monument,  which  is  situated  in  the  center  of  the 
city,  march  around  it,  heads  uncovered,  then  they  take  up  the 
line  of  march  to  Canal  street,  where  they  board  the  train  for 
Metairie  and  Greenwood  cemeteries.  Arriving  at  Metairie,  with 
slow  and  measured  step  they  march  to  the  tomb  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  where  the  column  is  halted  and  facing  the 
tomb,  a  volley  of  three  rounds  is  fired,  the  bugler  sounds  "taps," 
and  the  procession  moves  slowly  to  the  tomb  of  the  Washington 
Artillery,  then  to  the  tomb  of  Eev.  Thos.  R.  Markham, 
D.  D.,  Chaplain  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee,  where  the  same  order 
of  exercises  is  conducted;  thence  to  Greenwood,  where  a  like 
honor  is  paid  to  their  comrades  who  are  buried  in  the  tomb  of 
the  "Soldiers  Home."  The  concluding  ceremony  takes  place  at 
the  Confederate  Monument.  The  Junior  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  and  the  children  of  the  public  schools  meet  the 
Veterans  as  they  approach  the  monument,  and  strew  flowers 
before  them,  then  marching  two  by  two,  around  the  monument, 
they  place  their  floral  offerings  on  the  mound.  The  officers  of 
the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  the  Major  General 
Commanding  the  State  Division  United  Confederate  Veterans, 
with  members  of  his  staff,  the  officiating  clergyman  and  the 
orator  of  the  day,  take  positions  on  the  steps  of  the  monument. 
Prayer  is  offered,  and  the  speaker  introduced — his  theme  is 
generally  on  the  justice  of  our  Cause,  the  courage  and  fortitude 
of  the  Confederate  soldier  in  time  of  war,  and  his  heroic  virtues 
in  time  of  peace.  A  solemn  benediction  is  pronounced,  three 
volleys  fired,  "taps"  sounded,  and  the  crowd  disperses  just  as  the 
rays  of  the  setting  sun  bespeak  the  close  of  the  day.  Here  it  is 
proper  to  mention  that  the  Continental  Guards  in  their  uniforms 


—  181  — 


of  colonial  days,  also  take  part  in  the  exercises  on  Memorial 
Day,  the  command  being  detailed  as  a  guard  of  honor  to  fire  the 
volleys  over  the  graves — a  soldier's  last  tribute  to  valor.  The 
tombs  of  our  departed  Chaplains,  Eevs.  Father  Turgis  and  B.  M. 
Palmer,  D.  D.,  are  visited  by  a  delegation  from  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association  to  testify  with  floral  offerings, 
their  love  and  devotion  to  the  memory  of  these  valiant  soldiers 
of  the  cross. 

From  the  year  1867  till  1888  Mrs.  Geo.  W.  Pritchard  served 
as  President;  after  these  many  years  of  faithful  service  death 
claimed  her,  and  on  July  19,  1888,  she  answered  the  dread 
summons.  By  her  death  the  Association  lost  one  of  the  most 
loyal  and  devoted  members.  Her  untiring  energy  and  zeal  had 
endeared  her  to  all,  especially  to  the  faithful  band  of  women  who 
had  cared  for  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers,  and  visited  prison 
ers  of  war  during  the  trying  days,  from  1861-1865,  and  the  sad 
days  that  followed  the  surrender  at  Appomattox.  At  the  next 
annual  meeting,  held  March  27th  at  the  Washington  Artillery 
Hall,  Mrs.  Louis  A.  Adam,  who  had  been  acting  President 
since  the  death  of  Mrs.  Pritchard,  became  President.  The 
other  officers  were :  Mrs.  J.  F.  Spearing,  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
Theodore  Shute,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Later  on  Mrs.  L.  D. 
Mcholls  was  elected  Treasurer.  The  following  gentlemen  were 
appointed  a  Board  of  Counsel :  Colonel  Thos.  L.  Bayne,  who  had 
served  in  that  capacity  from  the  date  of  organization,  Colonel 
Jas.  A.  Lewis,  Major  Gilbert  L.  Hall,  Colonel  John  B.  Eichard- 
son  and  Louis  A.  Adam.  The  good  work  was  continued  with 
characteristic  zeal  and  enthusiasm  by  the  newly  elected  officers. 

In  December,  1889,  Jefferson  Davis,  the  great  Southern  Chief 
tain  and  President  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  died 
in  New  Orleans,  at  the  residence  of  Hon.  Chas.  E.  Fenner,  his 
life  long  friend.  It  was  the  sad  privilege  of  this  Association  to 
assist  in  preparing  the  mortuary  chamber  in  the  City  Hall, 
where  for  three  days  the  honored  remains  of  the  South's  martyr 
President,  lay  in  state.  The  pansy  badge  of  this  Association 
was  conspicuous  among  the  floral  offerings.  The  Association 
was  especially  honored  by  the  Veterans  and  given  a  position  in 
the  funeral  cortege,  as  it  marched  around  the  tomb  of  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  where  the  remains  of  this  Christian 
soldier  were  placed,  pending  their  final  disposition. 

The  charter  of  the  Ladies'  Benevolent  Association  of  Louisiana 

—  182  — 


having  expired  by  limitation,  it  was  re-chartered  in  1894  under 
the  title  which  it  had  originally  proposed  to  adopt,  "The  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association/7  in  fact  it  was  known  and 
had  worked  under  this  name  for  all  these  years,  the  term 
"Benevolent"  being  used  to  satisfy  the  Federal  authorities  in 
command  at  that  time.  In  accordance  with  a  notarial  act  passed 
before  Henry  L.  Garland,  Jr.,  Notary  Public,  New  Orleans,  La., 
the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association  was  declared  the 
legitimate  successor  of  the  Ladies'  Benevolent  Association  of 
Louisiana,  and  succeeded  to  all  privileges,  titles  and  properties, 
books,  funds,  etc.,  of  the  aforesaid  Association.  The  surviving 
life  members  and  the  surviving  honorary  members  of  the  old 
Association  were  declared  to  be  respectively  life  and  honorary 
members  of  the  new  association.  Mrs.  Theodore  Shute  was 
declared  Honorary  Secretary  for  life  in  recognition  of  her 
earnest  work  and  fidelity  to  duty.  In  October,  1897,  she  died 
at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety  years,  honored,  respected  and 
lamented  by  all.  Mrs.  Louis  A.  Adam,  who  had  been  appointed 
President,  resigned  at  the  first  meeting.  Her  resignation  was 
accepted,  and  she  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Polk  Blake,  a 
daughter  of  General  Leonid  as  Polk,  and  a  woman  eminently 
qualified  to  assume  the  duties  of  President.  The  other  officers 
elected  were:  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  First  Vice-President;  Mrs.  J. 
B.  Richardson,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  J.  Y.  Gilmore, 
Recording  Secretary ;  Miss  Daisy  M.  L.  Hodgson,  Corresponding 
Secretary,  and  Mrs.  B.  F.  Eshleman,  Treasurer.  These  officers 
were  re-elected  for  six  consecutive  years.  In  1900  Mrs.  Blake 
declined  a  re-nomination,  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan  was  elected 
President  with  the  following  efficient  corps  of  officers :  Mrs.  Jos. 
R.  Davis,  First  Vice-President;  Mrs.  F.  G.  Freret,  Second  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  Joseph  Jones  (a  daughter  of  General  Leonidas 
Polk),  Corresponding  Secretary;  Miss  Kate  Eastman,  Recording 
Secretary,  and  Mrs.  Thos.  Sefton,  Treasurer.  For  the  two  suc 
ceeding  years  the  same  officers  were  re-elected,  with  but  two 
exceptions,  Mrs.  L.  Graham  was  elected  Corresponding  Secre 
tary  vice  Mrs.  Jos.  Jones,  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  Richardson  was  elected 
Treasurer  vice  Mrs.  Thos.  Sefton.  In  1902  the  same  officers 
were  again  re-elected,  with  one  exception,  Mrs.  Sumpter  Turner 
having  been  elected  Corresponding  Secretary  vice  Mrs.  L. 
Graham,  who  declined  re-nomination  owing  to  press  of  other 
-duties.  During  this  year  some  minor  changes  were  made  in  the 

—  183  — 


Constitution  and  By-laws,  one  of  which  provided  for  the  office1 
of  Historian.  Miss  Delphine  Points  was  elected  to  this  import 
ant  office.  In  1903  no  changes  were  made  in  the  personnel  of 
the  Asociation.  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  the  present  incumbent,  is 
the  wife  of  General  W.  J.  Behan,  who  served  four  }^ears  in  the* 
Washington  Artillery  of  New  Orleans,  in  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia.  General  Behan  was  twice  elected  Major-General  of 
the  Louisiana  Division  United  Confederate  Veterans,  and  was 
also  elected  to  the  honorable  position  of  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
New  Orleans. 

In  May,  1900,  a  communication  was  received  from  Miss  Sue' 
H.  Walker,  inviting  all  Southern  Memorial  Associations  to  unite1 
and  organize  a  Confederation  for  the  perpetuation  of  the  noble 
work  which  had  been  accomplished  by  them  during  the  past  forty 
years  and  by  a  union  to  strengthen  and  cement  the  bonds  that 
should  exist  between  them.  The  date  fixed  for  this  convention 
was  May  31,  1900,  at  Louisville,  Kentucky.  This  movement 
was  heartily  indorsed  by  our  Association,  and  the  following' 
named  delegates  were  appointed  to  attend  the  convention :  Mrs. 
Sarah  Polk  Blake,  Mrs.  Alden  McLellan,  Mrs.  J.  Y.  Gilmore,. 
Mrs.  D.  A.  S.  Vaught,  Miss  Kate  Eastman,  Mrs.  Jos.  R.  Davis, 
Mrs.  L.  Graham,  Miss  Daisy  M.  L.  Hodgson,  Miss  Lucy  Marshall 
Smith  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  who  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the- 
delegation.  The  venerable  and  beloved  Dr.  B.  M.  Palmer  accom 
panied  the  delegates  to  Louisville,  where  he  was  invited  to- 
deliver  the  address  to  the  United  Confederate  Veterans  in  con 
vention.  The  delegates  from  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  attended  the  convention  of  the  United  Confederate 
Veterans  on  that  day,  and  after  Dr.  Palmer  had  finished  speaking 
Mrs.  Behan,  representing  her  Association,  advanced,  and  with  a 
few  words,  presented  him  with  a  badge  of  the  Ladies'  Confed 
erate  Memorial  Association,  pinning  it  on  the  lapel  of  his  coat. 
He  was  deeply  touched,  and  in  accepting  the  badge  replied  in  a 
most  gracious  manner.  On  his  return  to  New  Orleans  he  wrote 
a  letter  to  the  President  expressing  his  great  appreciation  of 
tins  testimonial  of  our  confidence  and  esteem.  This  letter  is 
preserved  among  the  archives  of  the  Association ;  a  copy  is  here 
given,  feeling  that  all  who  ever  knew  the  eminent  minister  of" 
God  will  appreciate  his  tribute  to  the  women  of  the  Confed 
eracy. 

—  184  — 


New  Orleans,  La.,  June  6,  1900. 
MRS.  W.  J.  BEHAN; 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 
Eespected  Madam : — 

I  was  deeply  touched  at  the  late  reunion  by  the  presentation 
through  yourself,  as  the  elect  lady,  of  the  badge  of  your  Associa 
tion.  There  can  be  no  sweeter  reward  to  virtuous  endeavor,  than 
the  approval  of  the  noble  women  of  our  Southland.  This  coming 
to  me  in  such  generous  terms  from  the  ladies  of  our  own  State 
and  City,  was  particularly  welcome,  coinciding,  as  it  did,  with 
probably  my  last  public  testimony  in  behalf  of  the  Cause  so  dear 
tc  all  our  hearts.  The  devotion  of  our  women  to  this  Cause, 
was  throughout  as  conspicuous  as  the  bravery  of  the  men.  The 
peculiar  element  of  woman's  devotion  would  seem  to  be  the 
entireness  with  which  she  gives  herself  away  to  every  object  of 
her  love.  The  same  fullness  of  consecration  which  she  manifests 
in  the  domestic  circle,  expands  through  the  whole  sphere  of 
earthly  obligation  and  duty.  It  is  with  her  a  love  forever  and 
impossible  to  recall.  It  is  enough  for  us  now  to  know  that  the 
Confederate  Cause  was  worthy  of  the  generation  that  espoused 
it,  and  that  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the  South  were  equal  to 
the  responsibility  of  the  trust. 

Most  gratefully  and  respectfully, 
B.  M.  PALMER. 

In  the  election  of  officers  for  the  Confederation  our  Association 
was  signally  honored  by  having  four  of  the  staff  chosen  from 
among  its  numbers ;  viz. :  Mrs.  W.  J.  Eehan,  President ;  Mrs.  L. 
Graham,  Vice-President,  for  Louisiana;  Miss  Daisy  M.  L. 
Hodgson,  Recording  Secretary;  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Polk  Blake, 
Historian.  Mrs.  Blake  resigned  shortly  after  her  election  as 
other  duties  claimed  her  attention,  and  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Davis, 
who  is  also  a 'member  of  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  of  Xew  Orleans,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  position. 
This  Association,  always  faithful  to  the  memory  of  the  illus 
trious  President  of  the  Confederacy,  has  contributed  liberally  to 
the  fund  for  the  Davis  Monument  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  as 

—  185  — 


will  be  seen  by  the  following  report,  through  Colonel  A.  W. 
Hyatt,,  Treasurer  for  Louisiana : 

In  1894,  Cash  Through  Treasurer $200.00 

In  1901,  Payment  of  Louisville  Pledge 306.50 

In  1901,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan 100.00 

In  1901,  By  Sale  of  Confederate  Calendars.  .  25.00 
In  1902,  By  Sale  of  Confederate  Calendars. .  .  148.50 
In  1902,  Payment  of  New  Orleans  Pledge.  ...  25.00 
In  1903,  By  Disposal  of  a  Picture  Donated  by 

Mr.  Shepherd,  of  Eichmond,  Virginia..  25.00 
In  1903,  By  Sale  Shepherd  "  Soldier  "  Pictures  69 . 00 
In  1903,  By  Sale  Shepherd  "  Soldier  "  Pictures  25 . 00 


$924.00 

In  addition  to  this  we  contributed  $50.00  to  the  Ladies' 
Memorial  Association  of  Winchester,  Virginia,  to  place  head 
stones  over  the  graves  of  Louisiana  soldiers  buried  there  in 
Stonewall  Cemetery.  An  annual  contribution  is  made  to  the 
Louisiana  soldiers7  home.  During  the  year  1900,  this  Associa 
tion  collected  a  considerable  sum  from  the  Veteran  Camps  and 
Confederate  organizations,  to  be  devoted  to  the  removal  of  the 
Confederate  Dead  from  Arlington  and  Soldiers'  Home  National 
Cemeteries,  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  cemeteries  in  the  South,  where 
their  sacred  remains  would  rest  under  the  shadow  of  the  monu 
ments  erected  to  their  memory.  The  movement  was  unsuc 
cessful  however,  and  these  remains  now  lie  in  what  is  known  as 
the  Confederate  Section  of  the  National  Cemetery  in  Arlington, 
Virginia.  To  this  Association  is  due  the  credit  of  making 
renewed  efforts  to  have  June  3rd  (the  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Jefferson  Davis)  observed  throughout  the  South  as  Confed 
erate  Memorial  Day.  A  resolution  to  this  effect,  had  been 
previously  introduced  by  the  Veterans  of  Texas  at  the  Ee-union 
in  Houston  in  1895,  and  was  adopted  by  many  States,  but  its 
observance  was  not  general.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  our 
Association  on  March  19th,  this  subject  was  again  agitated  and 
the  following  resolution  offered  by  Mrs.  Andrew  G.  Swain: 

"  In  order  that  our  children  may  be  fully  instructed  in  all  that 
pertains  to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  and 
that  the  date  of  the  birth  of  its  first  and  only  President  will  be 

—  186  — 


indelibly  impressed  on  their  minds  and  hearts  and  generally 
observed  with  appropriate  ceremonies;  be  it 

"  Resolved,  By  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association 
of  New  Orleans,  La.,  that  June  3,  the  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Jefferson  Davis,  President  of  the  Confederate  States  of 
America,  be  adopted  as  Southern  Memorial  Day,  said  resolution 
to  go  into  effect  on  June  3,  1903,  and,  furthermore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  shall  invite  the  co-operation 
of  the  United  Confederate  Veterans'  organizatitons,  the  United 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  and  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  to  secure  the  general  adoption  of  this 
resolution  in  every  Southern  State,  as  well  as  in  all  places 
wherever  it  is  customary  to  honor  the  memory  of  the  Confederate 
Dead." 

This  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted,  and  a  copy  was 
presented  to  the  "  Committee  on  Kesolutions,"  at  the  convention 
of  the  United  Confederate  Veterans,  and  the  Confederated 
Southern  Memorial  Association,  at  Dallas,  Texas,  in  1902. 
The  Circular  here  published  was  mailed  to  the  fifteen  hundred 
camps  of  United  Confederate  Veterans,  asking  for  their  indorse 
ment.  A  deep  interest  was  taken  in  the  matter  and  numerous 
congratulatory  telegrams  and  press  comments  were  received  by 
the  President : 

To  tlie  Officers  and  Members  of  the  United  Confederate  Veteran 
Camps : 

HONORED  AND  BELOVED  VETERANS — The  time  has  come  when 
the  History  of  the  South's  war  for  Independence  must  be 
truthfully  written  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  children  and 
grandchildren  of  the  men  who  fought  so  heroically  and  displayed 
unequalled  fortitude  and  endurance,  in  that  struggle  for  the 
maintainence  of  the  principles,  which  had  been  handed  down 
to  them  by  their  fathers. 

With  this  object  in  view,  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  of  Xew  New  Orleans,  La.,  has  taken  an  important 
step,  and  at  a  meeting  held  March  19th,  1902,  in  Memorial 
Hall,  that  placed  so  hallowed  by  sacred  memories  and  relics,  a 
resolution  was  offered  to  fix  on  the  3rd  day  of  June,  the  anniver 
sary  of  the  birth  of  Jefferson  Davis,  as  "  Southern  Memorial 
Day."  In  this  way  the  children  of  the  South,  will  become 
familiar  with  this  one  fact  in  the  history  of  our  short  lived,  but 

—  187  — 


glorious  Nation.  The  birth  day  of  Jefferson  Davis,  the  first 
and  only  President  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  should 
be  indelibly  impressed  on  the  minds  and  hearts  of  Southern 
children. 

By  agreeing  on  this  day,  June  3rd,  for  the  observance  of  the 
usual  memorial  ceremonies,  we  not  only  honor  the  memory  of 
the  President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  but  at  the  same  time 
we  strew  our  flowers  and  immortelles  on  the  graves  of  the 
Confederate  dead,  the  heroes  who  fought  so  valiantly  for  the 
ca.use  he  represented. 

Your  attention  is  called  to  the  following  resolution  which 
will  be  brought  before  the  United  Confederate  Veterans,  in 
convention  assembled,  at  the  Dallas  Reunion,  and  your  co-opera 
tion  and  indorsement  most  earnestly  requested  to  secure  its 
general  adoption  in  every  Southern  State: 

"  In  order  that  our  children  may  be  fully  instructed  in  all  that 
pertains  to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  and 
that  the  date  of  the  birth  of  its  first  and  only  President  will  be 
indelibly  impressed  on  their  minds  and  hearts  and  generally 
observed  with  appropriate  ceremonies;  be  it 

"  Resolved,  By  the  Ladies7  Confederate  Memorial  Association 
of  New  Orleans,  La.,  that  June  3,  the  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Jefferson  Davis,  President  of  the  Confederate  States  of 
America,  be  adopted  as  Southern  Memorial  Day,  said  resolution 
to  go  into  effect  on  June  3,  1903,  and,  furthermore,  be  it 

"  Resolved,  That  this  Association  shall  invite  the  co-operation 
of  the  United  Confederate  Veterans'  organizations,  the  United 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  and  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association,  to  secure  the  general  adoption  of  this 
resolution  in  every  Southern  State,  as  well  as  in  all  places 
wherever  it  is  customary  to  honor  the  memory  of  the  Confederate 
dead."  Yours  fraternally, 

MRS.  W.  J.  BEHAN, 
President  L.  C.  M.  Ass'n.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Colonel  David  Zable,  delegate  from  Camp  No.  1,  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana  Division,  presented  the  resolution 
to  the  United  Confederate  Veteran  Committee  on  Reso 
lutions  at  the  Dallas  convention;  it  received  the  unani 
mous  support  of  the  Committee  and  was  recommended 
to  General  J.  B.  Gordon  by  the  Chairman,  Colonel 

—  188  — 


Stratton,   of   Bichmond,  Virginia.     It  was  then   presented  to 
the  convention  assembled  by  Hon.  A.  T.  Watts,  Ad  jut  ant- General 
of  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department.     He  spoke  most  earnestly 
in  favor  of  the  resolution  and  was  seconded  by  General  Stephen 
D.  Lee,  of  Mississippi,  who  in  a  most  forcible  and  patriotic 
speech  urged  the  general  adoption  of  June   3rd  as  Memorial 
Day  throughout  the  South.     There  was  but  one  objecting  voice, 
and  with,  this  exception  the  resolution  was  adopted.    The  United 
Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans  and  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  adopted  a  like  resolution  at  their  conven 
tions.     In  July,  1902,  Hon.  Wm.  McL.  Fayssoux  introduced  a 
bill  in  the  General  Assembly  of  Louisiana,  asking  that  the  date 
of  Memorial  Day  be  changed  from  April  6th  to  June  3rd.    This 
bill  passed  without  any  opposition  and  by  Legislative  Act  June 
3rd,  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Jefferson  Davis,  President 
of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  was  made  a  legal  holiday 
and  Memorial  Day  throughout  the   State  of  Louisiana.     Mr. 
Fayssoux,  who   assisted  us   in  having  this   measure   favorably 
acted  on,  is  the  grand-son  of  Mrs.  W.  H.  McLellan  and  the  son 
of  Mrs.  C.  I.  Fayssoux,  two  of  the  most  active  members  of  the 
former  Ladies'  Aid  Society.    For  two  years  previous  we  had  had 
patriotic  celebrations  on  June  3rd  in  Memorial  Hall,  to  which 
the   United    Confederate   Veterans,   the    Sons   of    Confederate 
Veterans  and  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  were  invited,  and 
the  most  eloquent  speakers  addressed  the  people.     In  the  month 
of  March,  1902,  l$ew  Orleans  was  honored  by  a  visit  from  Mrs. 
V.   Jefferson  Davis  and  Miss  Mary  Custis  Lee.     It  was  our 
pleasure  to  entertain  these  distinguished  guests.     Two  magnifi 
cent  receptions  were  given  in  the  Palm  Garden  of  the  St.  Charles 
Hotel,  and  it  was  a  scene  never  to  be  forgotten.    It  was  inspiring 
to  see  the  graciousness  of  these  ladies  as  the  Veterans  cordially 
clasped  their  hands  and  recalled  to  mind  the  illustrious  President, 
Jefferson  Davis,  and  the  immortal  Lee,  who  stood  at  the  head 
of  the  Confederate  Army  until  our  banner  was  furled.     On  May 
31st,    1902,    the    great    chaplain    of    the    United    Confederate 
Veterans,  Eev.  B.  M.  Palmer,  D.  D.,  joined  the  grey  hosts  beyond. 
The    Ladies'    Confederate    Memorial    Association    attended   his 
funeral  in  a  body.    At  a  meeting  of  the  Association  on  June  3rd, 
Mrs.  L.  Graham  offered  the  following  resolution  on  the  sad  and 
untimely  death  of  this  truly  good  man : 

—  189  — 


"  Be  it  Resolved,  That  the  Ladies5  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  suspend  business  that  it  may  express  the  grief  of  this 
body  at  the  translation  of  our  great  brother,,  Dr.  B.  M.  Palmer. 
Dr.  Palmer  was  peculiarly  our  own.,  inasmuch  as  a  Divine  Provi 
dence  that  had  given  him  the  lofty  courage  and  flaming  tongue  to 
inspire  and  bless  our  gallant  host  that  went  forth  with  flying 
colors  to  righteous  war,  gave  him  also  the  moral  strength  to 
bless  the  tattered,  furled  and  blood-stained  banners  borne  by 
the  returning  remnant  of  that  unparalleled  army.  In  the  days 
of  our  disappointment  and  disaster  he  has  been  our  Defendant, 
Prophet  and  Seer.  No  fitful  change  of  time  or  circumstance, 
ever  weakened  his  faith  in  the  South's  just  cause.  He  was  our 
'  Stonewall '  of  the  aftermath  of  the  war.  We  thank  God  that 
He  gave  us  so  wise  a  counsellor  and  preserved  him  to  justify 
and  proclaim  his  faith  in  our  struggle  for  home  rule  and  State 
sovereignty.  In  these  days  of  gloom  let  us  take  for  our  motto 
the  sentiment  of  his  last  great  secular  utterance  delivered  in 
thrilling  eloquence  to  the  youth  of  our  City  in  Robert  E.  Lee 
school,  saying  in  conclusion :  A  father  who  stood  over  the  slain 
form  of  his  boy  in  jacket  of  grey  exclaimed  with  uplifted  arms : 
'  I  would  not  exchange  this  my  son,  dead,  for  any  man's  living 
child/  Nor  would  we  give  our  Cause  and  its  heroes  for  any 
living  victorjr, — whom  shall  we  take  in  exchange  for  our  dead 
chaplain?  Therefore,  be  it  resolved,  That  on  the  3rd  of  June, 
Memorial  Day,  the  place  of  his  sepulchre  be  made  a  shrine  of 
our  pilgrimage,  and  that  the  chaplets  of  remembrance  which  we 
hang  there  shall  be  a  testimony  that  Southern  woman  is  ever 
loyal  to  the  brave  and  true." 

MRS.  L.  GRAHAM,  Chairman, 
MRS.  THOS.  SEFTdN, 
Miss  DAISY  M.  L.   HODGSON, 
Committee. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  Fourth  Annual  Convention  of  the 
Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,  the  Ladies'  Con 
federate  Memorial  Association,  assisted  by  the  Junior  Confederate 
Memorial  Association  and  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument 
Association,  entertained  and  cared  for  the  delegates  and 
contributed  very  materially  to  the  success  of  the  con 
vention.  We  meet  quarterly  in  Memorial  Hall,  a  place 
hallowed  by  the  sacred  memories  of  the  most  righteous  cause 

— 190  — 


MISS  ESTELLE  M.  HODGSON, 

Corresponding  Secretary  Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Association, 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 


for  which  man  ever  drew  sword,  and  therein  are  the  precious 
relics,  which  speak  louder  than  words,  the  eternal  praise  of  men 
who  died  a  glorious  death  for  a  glorious  Cause.  Such  is  .the 
history  of  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  New 
Orleans,  La.,  dating  from  the  day  when  a  few  patriotic  and 
earnest  women  first  met,  until  the  present  time,  when  peace 
reigns  over  our  beloved  land,  and  prosperity  has  followed  in  her 
track.  We  have  ever  tried  to  vindicate  the  grand  idea  of  Eight 
and  Principle,  for  which  our  loved  ones  fought  and  died ;  beneath 
the  beautiful  mound  in  Greenwood  our  heroes  sleep  and  their 
spirits  sing  in  the  Heavenly  realms,  the  praises  of  our  Southern 
women  who  have  given  them  in  death  this  last  sad  heritage,  a 
Home  under  the  Southern  skies. 

IN  MEMORIAM. 

Death  has  invaded  our  ranks  and  called  from  active  service, 
Miss  Kosa  Lobrano,  and  Mrs.  James  K.  Gutheim,  two  loyal  and 
devoted  members,  who  from  their  early  womanhood  have  held 
sacred  the  memories  of  the  Confederate  Cause.  They  were  most 
faithful  and  zealous  workers,  in  the  movement  to  erect  the 
monument,  which  now  stands  in  Greenwood  Cemetery,  dedicated 
to  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  Dead.  We  bow  to  the  will  of 
our  Heavenly  Father,  who  doeth  all  things  for  the  good  of  His 
children,  whom  He  aided  in  their  work. 

DELPHINE  POINTS, 

Historian. 


JUNIOR  CONFEDERATE  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION,, 
NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

This  Association  was  formed  in  New  Orleans  on  March  26th, 
1896,  being  designed,  as  its  name  indicates,  to  be  the  successor 
of  the  senior  association  in  its  work,  and  heir  to  its  property,, 
the  monument  and  crypt  and  surrounding  ground. 

It  was  organized  by  Mrs:  D.  A.  S.  Vaught,  whose  fathe^ 
Colonel  T.  L.  Bayne,  was  for  twenty-five  years  a  member  of  the 
Advisory  Board  of  the  senior  Association.  Its  President  and 
Treasurer  are  appointed  from  the  seniors.  Its  President  makes  it 
her  business  to  look  up  and  recommend  suitable  Confederate* 
works,  history  and  ta]es  truly  representing  the  Southern  side  of; 
the  great  struggle. 


—  191  — 


The  Juniors  have  done  the  following  work,  besides  the  annual 
decoration  of  Confederate  graves  and  mounments:  Visits  and 
treats  to  the  veterans  at  the  Soldiers'  Home;  flowers  sent  to 
unveiling  of  President  Davis7  memorial  window  in  Kichmond; 
to  Winnie  Davis7  funeral.  They  also  kept  fresh  flowers  before 
her  portrait  at  Memorial  Hall,  New  Orleans,  for  thirty  days 
after  her  death,  and  sent  flowers  to  Rev.  B.  M.  Palmer,  D.  D., 
Chaplain  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee  on  his  eightieth  birthday. 
They  placed  palm  branches  before  the  portraits  of  members  of 
the  Fifth  Company,  Washington  Artillery,  on  the  unveiling  of 
their  recovered  Columbiad,  now  placed  at  Memorial  Hall.  They 
respond  to  all  calls  made  by  the  Veterans.  In  1898  they  raised 
$100.00  and  presented  to  the  Louisiana  room  in  Richmond,  a 
beautifully  hand  painted  and  lettered  Historical  Scroll  of 
Louisiana  in  carved  frame  of  Louisiana  oak. 

Mrs.  D.  A.  S.  Vaught  served  the  Juniors  as  President  from 
the  date  of  organization  until  1900.  She  was  succeeded  by  the 
following  officers,  viz. :  President,  Miss  Elizabeth  Borland ;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Anna  Saunders;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss 
Louise  Barrow;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Martha  Pleasants; 
Treasurer,  Miss  Josephine  Richardson.  Advisory  Board:  Mrs. 
D.  A.  S.  Vaught,  Mrs.  J.  Watts  Kearney,  Mrs  Robert  Hadden, 
Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,,  ex-ofricio;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Monroe,  Mrs.  Thos. 
Sefton,  Mrs.  George  Vincent. 

In  March,  1902,  the  senior  association  recommended  that 
the  name  "  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  Jr.,"  be 
changed  to  "  Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Association ;"  that 
boys  up  to  sixteen  years  of  age  be  admitted  to  membership, 
and  that  annual  dues  be  made  twenty-five  cents.  Thus  re-organ 
ized  the  Association  took  on  new  life.  The  membership  increased 
and  great  interest  was  taken  in  the  Soldiers'  Home,  and  Memo 
rial  Day  ceremonies.  The  public  school  children  were  invited 
to  participate  in  Memorial  Day  exercises,  and  they  came  in  great 
numbers,  laden  with  flowers  and  garlands. 

The  Central  Committee  of  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument 
Association  of  Richmond,  Va.,  offered  a  handsome  gold  medal, 
to  be  awarded  the  child  selling  the  greatest  number  of  "Davis 
buttons"  for  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  fund;  the  buttons 
bore  the  likeness  of  Jefferson  Davis,  and  the  medal  was  a  repre 
sentation  of  the  Confederate  Battle  flag,  and  suitably  inscribed. 
This  medal  was  offered  on  condition  that  two  thousand  buttons 

— 192  — 


would  be  sold  in  the  State.  The  Junior  Confederate  Memorial 
Association  entered  the  contest,  a  friendly  rivalry  was  begun, 
each  one  striving  for  the  prize.  As  a  greater  incentive,  the 
President  of  the  Senior  Association  communicated  with  General 
J.  B.  Gordon  requesting  him  to  present  the  medal  during  the 
I\ew  Orleans  Eeunion  to  the  successful  contestant.  A  prompt 
reply  was  received  from  the  beloved  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
United  Confederate  Veterans,  who  sent  words  of  encourage 
ment  to  the  children,  in  their  patriotic  and  laudable  efforts  to 
do  honor  to  the  only  President  of  the  Southern  Confederacy, 
and  said,  "  if  my  health  permits,  I  will  be  glad  to  comply  with 
your  request."  The  possibility  of  being  thus  honored,  stimu 
lated  the  children  to  greater  zeal,  and  as  a  result,  the  Junior 
Confederate  Memorial  Association  closed  their  contest  some 
time  before  the  jSTew  Orleans  Reunion  in  May,  1903,  and  sent 
on  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  fund  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  the  sum  of  two  hundred  dollars,  acquired  through 
the  sale  of  Davis  buttons. 

Estelle  Myrtle  Hodgson  won  the  medal;  having  sold  over 
one  thousand  buttons.  It  was  presented  to  her  by  General  Jno. 
B.  Gordon  in  a  most  charming  and  complimentary  manner,  at 
the  Fourth  Annual  Convention  of  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association,  whose  sessions  were  held  during  the  Re 
union,  in  the  Continental  Guard's  Armory  in  this  city. 

The  fortunate  winner  of  the  beautiful  medal  is  Corresponding 
Secretary  of  the  Juniors,  and  is  a  sweet,  lovely  girl  (as  one  can 
see  by  glancing  at  the  portrait  here  shown).  Her  bright,  merry 
disposition  makes  her  a  general  favorite  with  her  associates. 
She  gives  promise  of  upholding  the  standard  of  pure,  courageous 
womanhood,  that  has  for  generations  made  Southern  women 
famous. 

She  is  the  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Hodgson  of 
Xew  Orleans,  La. ;  the  niece  of  Miss  Daisy  M.  L.  Hodgson, 
Secretary  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association, 
who  is  so  well  known  and  esteemed  by  all  classes  for  her  charity 
and  good  deeds;  and  grand-child  of  the  late  Mrs.  Emma  Estelle 
Hodgson,  whose  strong  Southern  spirit  led  her  to  do  many  brave 
and  perilous  deeds  in  assisting  Confederate  soldiers  to  escape 
over  the  line  when  New  Orleans  was  occupied  by  Federal  troops. 
Among  those  who  were  most  actively  interested  in  the  contest 
for  the  Davis  Monument  medal,  we  must  mention  Ethelyn 

—  193  — 


Richardson,  grand-daughter  of  Col.  and  Mrs.  Jno.  B.  Richard 
son,  who  sold  over  five  hundred  buttons,  and  Lillian  Scott 
Pro  well  and  Warren  B.  Heideman,  who  were  not  far  behind  in 
the  race  for  the  prize  offered. 

The  badge  worn  by  the  Juniors  is  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Senior  Association.  During  the  year  1902,  the  Juniors  were 
called  on  to  mourn  the  death  of  Miss  Ethel  Kursheedt,  a  sweet, 
lovable  girl,  and  thoroughly  devoted  to  the  memories  of  the 
Confederate  Cause. 

The  following  members  are  on  the  roll  of  the  Association : 
Walter  B.  Armstrong,  Edith  Bayne  Aiken,  Ruby  Adams,  Kate 
Semple  Adams,  Ralph  P.  Aiken,  Marie  Aldige,  George  0. 
Allain,  Jr.,  Alexander  Allain,  Suzanne  Bringier,  Herbert  Ben 
son,  Lucy  Baldwin,  Alvina  Bertels,  Elise  Bonnabel,  Harold 
Bogan,  Lilly  Young  Black,  lonie  Badger  Black,  Edith  Barnes, 
Mary  E.  Black,  Rose  Bertel,  Lemeny  Boisblanc,  Elmira  H. 
Barbot,  Frances  Bailey,  Lucille  Block,  Ruth  Bailey,  Jennie 
Bell,  Edna  Barthelemy,  Delia  Baker,  Norma  Barnett,  Tillie 
Block,  Fae  Boner,  Katie  Becker,  Ella  Bornwasser,  Jessie  L. 
Carter,  Robert  Charlton,  Tempe  Crumhorn,  Beatrice  J.  F. 
Cockle,  Fannie  Cushman,  Carrie  Christenson,  Bessie  Callopy, 
Alice  Costa,  Marion  Gayle  Denegre,  T.  Bayne  Denegre,  Bessie 
Ducros,  Mildred  Lee  Daly,  Lydia  Durel,  Fannie  Lee  Davezac, 
Araline  Dowty,  Winnie  Davis  Daly,  Virginia  H.  Davis,  Marie 
Dies,  Bernadette  Danehammer,  Carmelite  D'Aunoy,  Myrthe 
Dorothy  Daspit,  Ellen  Freret,  Anna  Farrar,  Lucy  Farrar,  Edith 
Farrar,  Mildred  Farrar^  Jane  Farrar,  Stamps  Farrar,  Helene  0. 
Friedrichs,  Effie  Forman,  Lise  Frankenbush,  Emma  Fuller, 
Andrea  Friedrichs,  Margaret  Alice  Franklin,  Lucille  Grillis., 
Edna  Gray,  Myrtilla  E.  Given,  Edith  Given,  Aurora  Geiger, 
Gladys  Given,  Hannah  Seymour  Graham,  Alice  Gravely, 
Corinne  Gill,  Regina  Granger,  Emma  Given,  Margaret  Gachet, 
Estelle  M.  Hodgson,  Warren  B.  Heideman,  Harold  Heideman, 
Oswald  Heideman,  Adele  Hickey,  Sadie  Hannen,  Robert 
Hadden,  Stella  Hyman,  Medora  Hyman,  Estelle  Hynson, 
Waldemar  Heideman,  Aline  Hasey,  Nettie  Hasey,  Edith  Holt, 
Stella  Homer,  Henry  Hetterich,  Hilda  Hydel,  Florence  Hickey, 
Eugenia  Haight,  Etta  Hays,  Joseph  Israel,  Louisa  Janin,  Isabel 
Turner  Janin,  Sue  Turner  Janin,  Stanhope  Jones,  Viola  Barrow 
Jones,  Leslie  Kaufman,  Louise  Kelly,  Alma  Kerr,  Gertrude 
Kerr,  Fern  King,  Ellis  Keife,  Isabella  Keife,  Stella  E.  Klep- 

—  194  — 


Inger,  Sadie  Kamien,  Victoria  Leach,  Neil  Ell.  Legin,  Edwina 
M.  Lynd,  Francis  Lamminfia,  Marie  McCabe,  Louise  Meek, 
Jennie  Meek,  Mildred  Lee  Moore,  Annie  McDonald,  Irene 
McNeil,  Norris  McDuff,  Anna  McLellan,  Alden  McLellan, 
Estelle  McLellan,  Theodore  McGinnis,  Marguerite  A.  Maddox, 
Dorothy  Mandeville,  Eosa  Margenstein,  Florence  Marrero, 
Mamie  Mabel,  A.  Manadi,  Susie  Meek,  Virginia  D.  Meyer,  Adelle 
Monroe,  Gertrude  Monroe,  Marion  Monroe,  Nellie  Monroe, 
Jennie  Meyers,  Charles  L.  Eiley  Nichol,  Alice  North,  Mary 
North,  Elsie  O'Connor,  Mildred  O'Connor,  Alice  Ogden, 
Samuel  K.  Olliphant,  Phoebe  Palfrey,  Pearl  Page,  Madge  Page, 
Agnes  Pugh,  Louise  Carey  Pleasants,  Inman  H.  Payne,  Hen 
rietta  Pujol,  Inez  Page,  Euby  Page,  Wallace  Pitard,  Martha 
Glenn  Pleasants,  Jean  Pugh,  Fannie  Brickell  Pierce,  Mary 
Taylor  Payne,  Sue  Price,  Marguerite  Points,  Ida  Lucille  Prow- 
ell,  Lillian  S.  Pro  well,  Lucie  Prados,  Eufus  Prados,  Jno.  Pitard, 
Ethlyn  Eichardson,  Cecile  Eoussel,  Millie  M.  Eoberts,  Harry 
A.  Eoberts,  Harold  Dean  Eoberts,  Camille  G.  Eoberts,  Lelia  Lee 
Eiddell,  H.  G.  Eiddell,  H.  L.  Eiddell,  Julius  Gordon  Eeeder, 
Enola  Eantz,  C.  Lee  Shepard,  Marion  W.  Swick,  Adele  Carter 
Seay,  Eoberdeau  Seay,  Margaret  J.  Shortridge,  Phala  Graham 
Shaw,  Frank  Bussell  Shaw,  Norton  Eea  Shaw,  Sidney  Hugh. 
Smith,  Jr.,  Nellie  Schillan,  Beatrice  Sicard,  Clothilde  Sicard,, 
Genevieve  Sicard,  Nathalie  Schully,  Blanche  Samuel,  Lula  Scott, 
Frances  Snakenberg,  Gertrude  Davis  Shaw,  Ethel  Taylor,  Luella 
Alice  Taylor,  Eugenia  Toledano,  Lydia  Telson,  Lucille  Spots- 
wood  Terrell,  Freda  Turner,  Ida  Turner,  Lucy  Belle  Turner, 
Mamie  Turner,  Mary  Balfour  Turner,  Edna  Thompson,  Edith 
Thompson,  Jessie  W.  Tebo,  Julia  Tranchet,  Marion  Terry,  S. 
Eleanor  Upton,  Julia  Ury,  Mary  Bayne  Vaught,  Annot  Lyle 
Vaught,  Beatrice  Vanney,  Herbert  G.  Vanney,  Lillian  Vigo, 
George  A.  Williams,  Jr.,  Jennie  Walsh,  Nellie  Walsh. 

At  the  annual  meeting  at  Memorial  Hall,  March  19,  1904, 
the  sum  of  five  dollars  was  voted  towards  the  purchase  of  a  new 
piano  for  the  Soldiers'  Home.  Arrangements  were  perfected 
for  the  annual  picnic,  which  is  given  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Juniors  at  the  Soldiers'  Home.  As  the  life  of  an  Association 
depends  on  its  activity,  it  was  proposed  by  the  Acting  President, 
Mrs.  C.  Zapata,  that  the  Junior  Confederate  Memorial  Associa 
tion  take  as  its  work  for  the  coming  year,  the  placing  in 
Memorial  Hall  of  a  stained  glass  window,  representing  the  Seal 

—  195  — 


of  the  Confederacy.  The  children  were  most  enthusiastic  and 
overjoyed  to  think  that  the}7  could  do  something  to  prove  their 
love  for  the  cause  which  their  grandfathers  had  espoused,,  and 
for  which  so  many  of  their  relatives  had  sacrificed  their  lives 
and  fortunes.  Mrs.  H.  C.  Mackie  was  made  Chairman  of  the 
Committee,  and  will  have  no  difficulty  in  infusing  her  zeal  and 
patriotism  into  the  efforts  of  the  children.  The  following 
officers  were  elected  to  serve  for  the  year  1904 :  Mrs.  H.  Blackman 
Turner,  re-appointed  President;  Mrs.  Chas.  Zapata,  re-elected 
First  Vice-President ;  Second  Vice-President,  Lieut.  Geo.  A. 
Williams,  Jr.;  Mrs.  Alden  McLellan,  re-appointed  Treasurer; 
Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Estelle  M.  Hodgson,  re-elected; 
Eecording  Secretary,  Miss  Ethel  Taylor;  Sergeant-at-Arms, 
Warren  B.  Heidemann. 

The  following  named  ladies  compose  the  present  Advisory 
Board:  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  ex-officio  Chairman;  Mrs.  Chas. 
Zapata,  Mrs.  Alden  McLellan,  Mrs.  L.  H.  Terry,  Miss  Marie  L. 
Points,  Miss  E.  A.  Miller,  Miss  Fannie  Stringer,  Miss  D.  M.  L. 
Hodgson,  Mrs.  Hickey  Frederichs,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Eiddell,  Mrs.  Geo. 
A.  Williams,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Mackie,  Mrs.  Sumpter  Turner. 


JEFFERSON  DAVIS  MONUMENT  ASSOCIATION, 
NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

The  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association,  of  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  met  on  April  18,  1898,  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  I.  J.  Fow 
ler,  in  honor  of  the  thirty-ninth  birthday  of  Joseph  Davis,  the 
third  son  of  President  Davis;  it  was  also  the  birthday  of  Mrs. 
Roberts.  There  were  present,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Forwood,  Mrs.  I.  J. 
Fowler,  Mrs.  Jefferson  Davis  Weir  and  Mrs.  A.  W.  Roberts.  Mrs. 
Roberts  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  appointed  Mrs.  Weir  Secre 
tary.  Mrs.  Roberts  stated  that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  were 
honorary  members  of  the  Association,  and  she  thought  a  monu 
ment  should  be  built  in  New  Orleans  to  our  only  President, 
Jefferson  Davis. 

Mrs.  Davis,  Miss  Winnie  Davis  and  Mrs.  Addison  Hayes  were 
elected  honorary  members.  The  Secretary  was  instructed  to 
write  and  inform  them  of  their  election.  It  was  decreed  that 
this  Association  should  be  memorial  in  every  respect,  and  always 

—  196  — 


EX-PRESIDENTS  Of  MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATIONS. 

i.  Mrs.  A.  W-  Roberts,  2.  Mrs.  William  A.  Wilkins, 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  Waynesboro,  Georgia. 

3.  Mrs.  E.  P.  Dismukes,  4.  Mrs.  S.  R.  Mallory, 

Quincy,  Florida.  Pensacola,  Florida. 

5.  Mrs.  Mary  Anne  Mackenzie,  6.  Mrs.  Johannah  Waddill, 

Waynesboro,  Georgia.  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana. 


observe  the  third  day  of  June,  the  birthday  of  Jefferson  Davis, 
in  a  suitable  manner. 

The  second  meeting  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Weir, 
May  4th.  Upon  motion  of  Col.  David  Zable  it  was  made  a  per 
manent  organization.  Mrs.  A.  W.  Eoberts  was  unanimously 
made  President;  Mrs.  Forwood,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  I. 
J.  Fowler,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  J.  D.  Weir,  Secretary; 
Mrs.  J.  F.  Spearing,  Treasurer.  On  June  3d,  appropriate 
ceremonies  were  held  and  the  President  requested  to  write  to 
Senator  Fenner  in  the  Legislature  and  request  him  to  introduce 
a  bill  making  Jefferson  Davis'  birthday  a  legal  holiday  in 
Louisiana,  which  letter  she  wrote.  Mrs.  Roberts  related  that  on 
September  1,  1888  (which  was  the  birthday  of  Mr.  Davis7  oldest 
sister,  Mrs.  Luther  L.  Smith),  she  was  spending  the  day  at 
Beauvoir,  and  presented  to  Mr.  Davis  the  little  silver  cross,  the 
badge  of  the  King's  Daughters,  and  told  him  that  she  wanted 
him  to  wear  it,  as  he  was  already  a  King's  Son.  He  went  off 
and  returned  with  the  cross  pinned  on  the  lapel  of  his  coat, 
saying,  "Lucy,  is  that  the  way  I  shall  wear  it".  This  was  the 
last  time  she  ever  saw  him  in  life. 

On  September  20,  1898,  this  Association  was  called  upon  to 
lament  the  death  of  our  beloved  and  honorary  member,  Miss 
Varina  Anne  Davis,  the  only  daughter  of  the  Confederacy. 
Appropriate  resolutions  were  passed,  and  one  copy  beautifully 
framed  was  sent  to  the  Literary  Society  in  Richmond,  and 
copies  framed  and  sent  to  both  Mrs.  Davis  and  Mrs.  Hayes. 

In  1900  this  Association  joined  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association,  and  donated  five  dollars  towards  the 
removal  of  our  Southern  dead  interred  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
Every  Memorial  Day  a  handsome  wreath  has  been  hung  at  the 
tomb  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  where  our  Chief 
tain  was  first  laid.  Tributes  were  sent  to  the  funerals 
of  the  late  General  Gilmore,  Major  General  Louisiana 
Division  United  Confederate  Veterans,  and  Mrs.  Mary  Stamps, 
widow  of  Capt.  Isaac  Stamps,  a  nephew  of  Mr.  Davis,  who  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  4,  1863.  We  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  State  Reunion  in  1899  at  Baton  Rouge. 
The  Association  recently  lost  one  of  its  most  esteemed  honorary 
members,  Mrs.  Stephen  R.  Mallory.  Among  our  honorary 
members  are  Mrs.  Braxton  Bragg  and  Prof.  John  Dimitry. 

MRS.  A.  W.  ROBERTS,  President. 

— 197  — 


LOUISIANA  HISTOEICAL  ASSOCIATION, 
MEMORIAL  HALL,  NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 

The  Confederate  Memorial  Hall  is  situated  near  Lee  Circle 
and  monument  to  General  Robert  E.  Lee.  The  Ladies'  Confed 
erate  Memorial  Association  has  its  local  habitation  and  place 
of  meeting  in  the  Confederate  Memorial  Hall  of  the  Louisiana 
Historical  Association.  It  shares  with  the  United  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  and  other  Confederate  Associations  of 
Veterans  and  Sons  of  Veterans,  the  privilege  of  meeting  in  this 
temple  of  Confederate  worship,  under  overhanging,  tattered 
and  blood  stained  flags,  in  the  midst  of  thousands  of  valuable, 
precious  and  touching  mementoes  of  the  South' s  short  but  heroic 
days  of  separate  government.  To  the  sacred  collection  that 
fills  this  Hall,  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association  has 
added  many  important  contributions,  and  a  case  has  been 
alloted  to  them.  In  many  other  ways  these  Associations  have 
testified  their  deep  interest  in  the  purposes  to  which  the  Hall  is 
dedicated,  and  by  presentations  and  public  functions  have  added 
attractiveness  to  the  Hall's  great  usefulness. 

The  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Hall  appreciate  highly  these 
Associations  of  Confederate  Ladies,  and  have  found  them  most 
efficient  auxiliaries  to  their  efforts  to  collect  and  preserve  the 
relics  and  records  of  the  South's  part  in  the  tremendous  conflict 
that  shook  the  continent  of  North  America  and  amazed  the 
world,  from  1861  to  18G5.  An  idea  of  the  Confederate  Memorial 
Hall,  its  purposes  and  treasures,  can  be  formed  from  the  follow 
ing  account  of  its  founding  and  management : 

Memorial  Hall  is  managed  by  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the 
Louisiana  Historical  Association,  chartered  in  1889,  for  99 
years.  It  was  erected  by  Frank  T.  Howard,  Esq.,  of  New 
Orleans,  the  noble  son  of  a  gallant  Confederate  soldier,  and  by 
him  turned  over  and  dedicated  perpetually  to  the  purposes  of 
the  Association,  in  1891.  It  stands  on  one  of  the  main  streets 
of  the  metropolis  of  the  South,  close  to  Lee  Circle,  and  within 
the  shadow  of  the  lofty  pillar  surmounted  by  the  statute  of 
Robert  E.  Lee. 

Its  Charter  says :  "The  collections  made,  and  the  donations 
received  by  the  Corporation,  shall  never  be  broken  up  by  sale,  or 
by  division  among  its  members,  nor  shall  any  article  be  removed 
from  New  Orleans,  nor  any  article  be  exchanged  or  disposed  of, 

—  198  — 


•except  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Board  of  Governors  and  by 
the  consent  of  the  donors." 

The  By-laws  say :  "It  is  the  intent  that  this  Association  shall 
be  perpetual,  but  in  the  event  of  its  dissolution,  all  collections 
of  every  kind,  and  all  assets,  after  the  payment  of  its  obligations, 
shall  go  and  be  vested  in  the  Howard  Memorial  Library  Associa 
tion,  excepting  the  right  of  reversion  of  manual  gifts  to  the 
donors  or  their  forced  heirs,  and  the  contributions  from  Con 
federate  Veteran  Associations." 

The  State  of  Louisiana  in  its  present  Constitution,  says :  "The 
General  Assembly  shall  appropriate  not  less  than  $1,200  per 
annum  for  the  maintenance  in  New  Orleans  of  a  Memorial  Hall, 
or  repository  for  the  collection  and  preservation  of  relics  and 
mementoes  of  the  late  Civil  War,  and  of  other  objects  of 
interest." 

In  conformity  with  this  clause  of  the  State's  Constitution,  the 
last  General  Assembly  appropriated  the  sum  of  $1,600  per 
annum  for  the  two  }rears  intervening  before  its  next  meeting. 
Contributions  by  visitors  add  to  the  amount  for  maintenance 
derived  from  the  State.  An  Endowment  Fund  has  also  been 
started.  No  admission  fee  is  charged  to  view  the  collection,  and 
Memorial  Hall  is  daily  open  frolu  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.,  but  only 
until  noon  on  Sundays  and  Holidays.  Visitors  average  fully 
25,000  per  annum. 

Memorial  Hall  is  the  headquarters  and  assembly  place  of  all 
Confederate  Associations  in  New  Orleans — the  Camps  of  United 
Confederate  Veterans,  the  Chapters  of  Daughters  of  the  Con 
federacy,  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  the 
Camps  of  United  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans,  and  the  Jeffer 
son  Davis  Monument  Association.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
Louisiana  Division  of  Confederate  Veterans,  and  the  depository 
of  the  archives  of  the  general  organization  of  the  United  Con 
federate  Veterans.  The  great  temple  of  Confederate  worship 
of  New  Orleans,  it  stands  at  the  pinnacle  of  institutions  of  its 
kind  in  the  South. 

To  the  security  of  MEMORIAL  HALL'S  keeping;  to  the  pub 
licity  of  a  great  city ;  to  the  appreciation  of  an  intensely  Confed 
erate  community;  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  largest  number  of 
the  survivors  of  the  Armies  and  Navy  of  the  Confederacy;  for 
the  education  of  the  Southern  youth  of  the  day ;  for  the  enlight 
enment  of  generations  to  come  as  to  our  motives  and  deeds ;  the 

—  199  — 


Board  of  Governors  of  the  Louisiana  Historical  Association 
invite  the  gift  or  deposit  of  war  relics,  mementoes,  and  docu 
ments  of  every  description,  from  surrounding  States,  from  the 
whole  South,  from  all  who  wish  to  preserve  the  evidences  and 
material  from  which  History  will  draw  its  facts  concerning  the 
Southern  Confederacy  of  America,  its  purposes,  its  resources, 
its  people,  its  soldiers,  its  deeds,  its  rise  and  fall.  The  student 
will  also  find  in  the  Howard  Memorial  Library,  adjoining 
Memorial  Hall,  a  special  section  devoted  to  the  literature  of  and 
respecting  the  Confederate  period  of  United  States  History. 

The  Board  of  Governors  is  composed  of  five  representatives, 
per  organization,  from  the  following  Confederate  Associations: 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  Camp  No.  1,  U.  C.  V.;  the 
Army  of  Tennessee,  Camp  No.  2,  U.  C.  Y. ;  the  Veteran  Con 
federate  States  Cavalry,  Camp  No.  9,  U.  C.  V. ;  the  Washington 
Artillery,  Camp  No.  15,  U.  C.  V.,  and  five  members  of  the  Board 
of  the  Howard  Memorial  Library. 

The  officers  of  the  Association  are:  Geo.  A.  Williams,  Esq., 
President;  Frank  T.  Howard,  Esq.,  First  Vice-President;  B.  F. 
Eshleman,  Esq.,  Second  Vice-President ;  J.  A.  Chalaron,  Secre 
tary  and  Treasurer. 

The  collection  contains  at  present : 

61  Confederate  battle  flags  and  guidons. 
4  Federal  captured  flags. 
290  Lithographs,  engravings  and  crayons   (framed). 

31  Oil  paintings   (framed). 

550  Photographs,  daguerreotypes  and  ambrotypes. 
70  Swords  of  Generals,  field  and  line  officers. 
40  Guns  and  pistols. 

46  Cannon    balls    and    shells,    used    in    battle. 
55  Hats,  kepis  and  uniforms,  worn   during  the  war. 
i  8-inch  Columbiad  (Confederate  make)   disabled  in  battle, 
i  Piano    (battle-scarred)    played  on,  in  trenches,  at  Jackson,  Miss, 
i  Bronze  bust  of  GEN.  R.  E.  LEE,  and  relics  and  letters  of  his. 
GEN.   G.   T.   BEAUREGARD'S   bust,   official  papers,   uniform,   sword, 

kepi,  spurs,  and  other  personal  military  effects. 
GEN.    BRAGG'S    uniform,    swords,    spurs,   pistols,    Bible,    and   other 

personal  effects. 

GEN.  ALBERT  SIDNEY  JOHNSTON'S  sword. 

GEN.   E.    KIRBY   SMITH'S   uniform,   commissions,   and   other   mili 
tary  papers. 
GEN.  D.  W.  ADAMS'  sword,  uniform,  bullets  that  wounded  him, 

and    many    personal    papers, 
i  Life-size  portrait   in  oil   of  Jefferson   Davis. 
—  200  — 


i  Splendid  oil  portrait  of  "  STONEWALL  "  JACKSON. 
1800  Volumes  and  pamphlets  of  the  war. 
350  Maps  and  views  of  battle-fields. 
340  Muster  rolls  and  lists  of  troops. 

3500  Documents,  manuscript  books,  orders   and  other  military  papers. 
Relics  from  the  battle-field  of  New  Orleans,  and  valuable  papers 

relating  to  the  colonial  days  of  Louisiana. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  JEFFERSON  DAVIS  collection  of  the 
Hall  contains  over  6,000  articles;  comprising  his  cradle,  and  a  large 
number  of  articles  personal  to  him;  750  volumes  and  pamphlets  of 
his  library,  many  pictures  and  engravings  that  hung  in  his  study;  his 
chair  and  those  of  his  children ;  4,000  official  papers,  manuscript  books, 
dispatches  received,  and  other  papers  of  an  official  character.  Com 
pleting  this  precious  collection,  300  articles  personal  to  Miss  WINNIE 
DAVIS  are  to  be  found. 

In  sending  these  articles  to  Memorial  Hall,  Mrs.  Jefferson  Davis 
wrote :  "  I  send  them  there  because  my  heart  is  in  Memorial  Hall." 

Beside  what  is  here  enumerated,  the  Hall's  collection  contains  hun 
dreds  of  other  articles  and  mementoes  of  inestimable  value. 

The  collection  contains  fully  15,000  articles,  and  is  daily  receiving 
new  contributions. 


MISSISSIPPI 


JEFFERSON  DAVIS  HOME  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
BILOXI,  MISSISSIPPI. 

The  Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial  Association  was  organized 
in  Biloxi,  Harrison  County,  Mississippi,  on  Monday,  February 
23,  1903.  Its  objects  and  purposes  being  the  same  as  that  of 
other  memorial  associations  in  Mississippi,  and  other  States, 
namely,  the  owning,  maintaining  and  repairing  of  monuments, 
and  places  of  interment,  for  the  Southern  Soldiers  who  died 
on  the  field  of  battle  during  the  late  war,  or  served  creditably, 
and  for  the  collection  and  preservation  of  the  history  of  said 
soldiers,  and  for  active  participation  in  all  memorial  work. 

The  ladies  interested  in  the  organization  of  this  Association 
met  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Davis,  on  Seal  Avenue,  in 
the  City  of  Biloxi,  and  after  some  general  discussion  as  to  the 
necessity  for  such  organization  it  was  moved  and  seconded 
that  we  go  into  a  regular  organization,  by  the  immediate  elec 
tion  of  officers.  Mrs.  Mary  Evans-Maybin  was  nominated  for 
President  and  unanimously  elected,  and  the  following  ladies 
unanimously  elected  also  to  the  necessary  offices,  namely:  Mrs. 
Sarah  Jeffries  Buck,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Samuel  Green 
Hayward,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  E..M.  Harper,  Corres 
ponding  Secretary ;  Miss  Mary  Armstrong,  Recording  Secretary ; 
Mrs.  John  C.  Caraway,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  D.  A.  Nash^ Historian. 

Mrs.  Mary  Evans-Maybin,  who  was  honored  with  the  Presi 
dency,  is  the  daughter  of  Captain  J.  J.  Evans  and  Julia  M. 
Tompkins.  Her  father  entered  the  Army  at  nineteen  years  of 
age,  being  Adjutant  to  General  Joseph  R.  Davis,  with  the  rank 
of  captain.  His  record  as  a  soldier  is  too  well  known  to  mention 
more  at  this  time. 

She  had  two  uncles  on  her  maternal  side,  both  giving  good 
service  to  their  cause,  and  three  on  her  paternal  side — two 
were  surgeons  and  one  in  the  ranks. 

—  202  — 


MRS.  V.  JEFFERSON   DAVIS. 
Beauvoir,  Mississippi. 


Her  mother,  though  only  a  little  girl,  was  no  less  a  soldier, 
as  she  was  engaged  in  knitting  socks,  assisting  in  making  clothing 
or  picking  old  things  to  pieces  to  obtain  lint  for  the  dressing 
of  wounds.  Mrs.  Maybin  is  deeply  interested  in  this  work. 

Mrs.  S.  G.  Hay  ward  moved  that  the  New  Association  be 
called  "  The  Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial."  Mrs.  Hayward's 
motion  received  numerous  seconds  and  that  name  unanimously 
adopted. 

The  presence  of  the  aged  widow  of  the  Confederacy,  Mrs. 
V.  Jefferson  Davis,  gave  a  tender  and  pathetic  interest  to  the 
Southern  women  gathered  to  do  honor  to  her  husband  and 
their  "  Chieftain,"  and  her  sweet  sympathy  and  words  of  encour 
agement  were  an  inspiration  and  Godspeed  to  the  new  born 
Association. 

Mrs.  Davis  was  made  Honorary  President  for  life,  and  her 
daughter,  Mrs.  Margaret  Davis  Hayes,  an  honorary  member,  and 
the  Secretary  instructed  to  notify  Mrs.  Hayes  of  her  election. 

Since  its  organization  "  The  Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial  " 
has  held  monthly  meetings,  and  at  the  regular  meeting  in  March, 
at  the  home  of  Mesdames  Evans  and  Maybin,  the  Association 
entertained  as  guests  of  honor,  Mrs.  V.  Jefferson  Davis,  Mrs. 
W.  J.  Behan,  President  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
Association  and  Ladies7  Confederate  Memorial  Association  of 
New  Orleans,  and  Mrs.  A.  McC.  Kimbrough,  of  Greenwood, 
Miss.  Mrs.  Behan  and  Mrs.  Kimbrough  were  given  the  privilege 
of  the  floor  and  were  eloquent  and  enthusiastic,  each  in  their 
expressions  of  sympathy  in  the  work  of  the  new  association, 
Mrs.  Kimbrough  being  widely  known  as  the  devoted  organizer 
of  the  Beauvoir  Home  Memorial,  of  Greenwood,  Miss.  At  the 
April  meeting  it  was  decided  to  make  application  for  membership 
in  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,  that  great 
band  of  Southern  women  who  have  been  working,  each  in  its 
own  individual  Association  and  plan  of  work,  since  the  eventful 
days  of  '65,  and  feeling  the  desire  to  be  recognized  as  one  great 
sisterhood,  united  at  a  called  meeting  in  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
May  30,  1900. 

The  "  Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial  Association "  was 
accepted  on  its  credentials,  and  enrolled  on  the  list  of  member 
ship. 

In  May,  delegates  were  elected  to  represent  the  "  Jefferson 
Davis  Home  Memorial "  at  the  Convention  of  the  Confederated 

—  203  — 


Southern  Memorial  Association,  to  be  held  in  New  Orleans 
at  the  time  of  the  annual  reunion  of  the  Confederate  Veterans, 
and  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Davis  and  Mrs.  Theresa  Hoxie  were  the 
ladies  honored  by  selection. 

The  recent  purchase  of  Beauvoir,  the  home  of  Jefferson  Davis, 
by  the  "  Sons  of  Veterans  of  the  State  of  Mississippi/7  for  a 
soldiers'  home,  has  awakened  an  interest  in  Confederate  matters, 
which  has  long  lain  dormant  in  the  Sea  Coast  Counties  of 
Mississippi.  The  women  of  Biloxi,  by  their  close  proximity 
to  historic  Beauvoir,  will  have  the  opportunity  of  assisting  the 
Sons  of  Veterans  in  their  noble  work,  the  care  of  the  feeble 
survivors  and  heroes  of  a  just  and  holy  cause,  and  of  perpetuat 
ing  by  deeds  of  kindness  and  love  to  the  helpless  inmates  of 
Beauvoir,  the  memories  of  a  cause  and  its  great  leader. 

And  what  a  greater  monument  to  Jefferson  Davis,  than  to 
shelter  and  protect,  in  the  place  made  sacred  by  his  occupancy, 
the  men  who  followed  him  through  the  four  long  years  of 
hardship  and  suffering,  to  put  memorials  there  of  his  devoted 
wife,  who  made  Beauvoir  the  haven  of  rest  to  "  our  Chieftain/' 
and  to  the  idolized  Daughter  of  the  Confederacy,  Sweet  Winnie 
Davis,  whose  girlish  presence,  in  the  days,  alas !  no  more,  has 
left  an  ineffaceable  memory. 

The  Jefferson  Davis  Home  Memorial  is  pledged  to  perpetuate 
these  cherished  memories,  and  to  aid  the  Sons  of  Veterans 
of  Mississippi.  In  the  march  of  time  the  ranks  of  the  Southern 
heroes  are  rapidly  thinning,  and  very  soon  all  will  rest  neath  the 
shadow  of  the  trees,  where  the  majority  of  their  comrades  have 
long  since  pitched  their  silent  tents,  but  as  long  as  time  will 
be,  the  memories  of  their  gallant  deeds  and  their  perpetuation  in 
history  and  marble,  will  be  the  work  of  the  devoted  women  of 
the  memorial  associations. 

MRS.  JOSEPH  E.  DAVIS, 
Chairman  Historical  Committee. 


—  204  — 


BEAUYOIE  HOME  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
GREENWOOD,  MISSISSIPPI. 

With  the  death  of  Mr.  Davis,  while  Southland  yet  mourned 
that  her  Chieftain  was  not,  came  the  thought  of  preserving  his 
home,  beautiful  Beauvoir,  the  home  in  which  were  spent  the 
last  days  of  his  noble  life,  a  life  consecrated  to  his  country 
and  its  cause;  Beauvoir,  bound  to  us  by  a  thousand  heart 
stirring  memories,  a  shrine  for  worshippers  of  our  beloved  Cause, 
a  Mecca  for  those  who  honored  our  great  Chief,  a  haven  sweet 
and  restful  for  those  who  followed  him  through  the  bloody  days 
of  shot  and  shell;  Beauvoir  fragrant  with  the  memory  of  the 
sweet  young  life  spent  there,  the  life  of  the  fair  "  Daughter  of  the 
Confederacy/7  Winnie  Davis;  Beauvoir,  made  dear  to  us  by 
the  touch  of  that  noble  and  unselfish  wife,  Varina  Jefferson 
Davis,  who  shared  with  her  distinguished  husband  those  cheerless 
days  of  imprisonment,  days  of  sorrow  within  the  walls  of  Fortress 
Monroe. 

After  the  bloody  strife  was  ended  and  the  cloud  of  war  had 
cleared  away,  leaving  to  view  naught  but  desolation  in  our  once 
fair  and  beautiful  Southland,  President  Davis,  the  great  leader 
of  an  Aristocracy  of  Southerners,  turned  to  the  State  of  his 
love  and  adoption,  disfranchised,  his  property  confiscated,  home 
less,  to  find  a  quiet  restful  place  to  give  to  the  world  a  true 
history  of  "  The  Eise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederacy." 

While  in  Memphis  where  he  had  entered  the  life  insurance 
business  came  an  invitation  from  Mrs.  Dorsey  to  visit  "  Beau 
voir,"  her  home. 

This  invitation  was  accepted  and  Mr.  Davis,  finding  it  an 
ideal  place  for  his  purpose,  away  from  the  noise  and  strife  of  the 
world,  proposed  to  buy  the  place.  His  proposition  was  accepted 
and  thus  "  Beauvoir,"  beautiful  or  Fair  View,  was  destined  to 
take  its  place  in  history. 

Mr.  Davis  enjoyed  this  home,  where  his  tender  and  loving  wife 
lavished  her  every  energy  to  make  it  a  haven  of  rest  for  her 
husband;  a  home  of  true  Southern  hospitality  for  the  con 
course  of  visitors  who  daily  frequented  it  for  the  privilege  of 
grasping  the  hand  of  the  man  who  was  the  vicarious  sacrifice 
on  the  altar  of  his  country. 

After  his  death,  which  occurred  at  New  Orleans,  December 
6,  1889,  at  the  residence  of  his  life  long  friend,  Hon.  Chas.  E. 
Fenner,  Mrs.  Davis  and  Winnie,  the  dream  of  the  South  and 

—  205  — 


the  cherished  love  of  every  Confederate  Veteran,  lived  there  a 
lone  and  desolate  life.  Their  protector  was  gone  and  with 
breaking  hearts  they  realized  that  the  separation  from  their 
beloved  home  must  come.  They  could  not  live  longer  there 
alone.  It  was  their  dearest  hope  that  this  hallowed  spot  should 
be  kept  in  memory  of  their  illustrious  dead,  and  that  there 
might  be  a  home  for  the  homeless  men  who  wore  the  gray. 
But  how  could  this  be  accomplished?  They  could  not,  as  they 
desired  to  do,  give  it  to  the  State. 

"  God  works  in  a  mysterious  way  his  wonders  to  perform." 

MRS.  A.  McC.  KIMBROUGH, 

President. 


Shortly  after  Mrs.  Davis  and  Miss  Winnie  had  gone  to  New 
York  to  superintend  the  publication  of  Mrs.  Davis7  book,  the  life 
of  her  husband,  the  Beauvoir  Historical  and  Improvement  Asso 
ciation  was  inaugurated  b}r  Mrs.  A.  McC.  Kimbrough,  of  Green 
wood,  Mississippi.  Soon  after  the  storm  of  1893,  which  wrought 
great  destruction  on  the  Mississippi  coast,  this  good  woman 
visited  this  historic  home.  Being  deeply  touched  by  the  dilapi 
dation  and  ravages  of  the  storm,  she  wrote  an  article,  calling 
attention  to  the  condition  of  the  place.  She  said :  "  I  saw  a 
sight  to-da}7  that  filled  my  eyes  with  tears.  It  was  the  wreck 
of  Beauvoir,  where  our  Chieftain  lived  for  years.  I  saw  laid 
low  the  giant  oak,  the  cedar  and  the  pine,  beneath  whose  shade 
he  used  to  sit  and  dream  away  the  time." 

Mrs.  Kimbrough  and  her  co-workers,  with  the  earnestness  of 
purpose  which  characterizes  Southern  women,  undertook  to  re 
store  the  old  home  as  nearly  as  possible  to  its  former  condition. 
Their  intention  was  to  keep  it  as  a  home  for  Mrs.  Davis  and  her 
beloved  Winnie,  the  Daughter  of  the  Confederacy.  This  Asso 
ciation  was  formed  in  Greenwood,  Mississippi,  with  Mrs.  A. 
McC.  Kimbrough,  President;  Mrs.  L.  P.  Yerger,  Vice-President ; 
Mrs.  H.  L.  Eichardson,  Eecording  and  Corresponding  Secretary ; 
Mrs.  E.  H.  Hicks,  Treasurer.  The  organization  formed  auxilia 
ries  at  other  places,  but  the  only  one  which  continued  its  long  and 
determined  efforts  was  the  one  at  Greenwood.  Later  on,  finding 
that  it  was  Mrs.  Davis'  wish  to  have  the  place  owned  by  some 
Confederate  organization,  they  bent  every  effort  to  gratify  her 
wish,  and  kept  up  their  exertions  in  this  direction  until  the 
Sons  of  Veterans  undertook  the  purchase.  With  this,  the  Associa- - 

—  206  — 


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tion  changed  its  name  to  the  "  Beauvoir  Home  Memorial  Associa 
tion/7  and  now  continues  its  efforts  to  assist  the  Sons. 

This  movement  to  preserve  Beauvoir  was  inaugurated  by  Mrs. 
A.  McC.  Kimbrough,  whose  face,  beaming  with  ideality,  is 
found  on  preceding  pages  of  this  book. 

Mrs.  Kimbrough  succeeded  in  enlisting  the  Sons  of  Veterans 
of  Mississippi  in  the  cause  of  the  preservation  of  Beauvoir.  The 
home  of  Jefferson  Davis  will  become  the  "  Confederate  Soldiers' 
Home/'  of  Mississippi. 


CONFEDERATE  CEMETERY  MEMORIAL 

ASSOCIATION. 
VICKSBURG,  MISSISSIPPI. 

May  15,  1866 — At  a  large  called  meeting  of  the  ladies  of 
Vicksburg,  at  the  court  house,  the  Vicksburg  Confederate 
Cemetery  Association  was  organized  by  electing  Mrs.  E.  S. 
Eggleston,  President;  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Stevens,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Wright, 
Mrs.  T.  A.  Marshall,  Mrs.  Annie  DeMoss,  Vice-Presidents ;  Miss 
Ellen  Martin  was  elected  Secretary  and  Mrs.  A.  H.  Arthur, 
Treasurer. 

The  following  executive  committees  were  appointed: 

To  find,  mark,  tend  and  report  the  graves  of  all  Confederate 
dead  scattered  over  our  hillside  for  reburial :  Mrs.  T.  A.  Marshall, 
Mrs.  Wm.  M.  McCutchen,  Mrs.  R.  Hawks,  Mrs.  Caroline  Searles, 
Mrs.  Ben  Hardaway. 

To  select  ground  for  the  Confederate  Cemetery:  Mrs.  R. 
Barnett,  Mrs.  Hansford,  Mrs.  Martha  Lawrence,  Mrs.  Hugh 
Markham. 

Finance  Committee — Mrs.  E.  D.  Weight,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Paxton, 
Mrs.  M.  E.  Roach,  Mrs.  J.  G.  Atwood,  Mrs.  Annie  Flowerree, 
Misses  Lucy  Irwin,  Letitia  Arthur,  Lucy  Marshall,  Margaret 
Moore,  Rose  Green,  Lavenia  Shannon,  Lizzie  Jane  Stovall, 
Mollie  Crump. 

May  28,  1866 — Mrs.  E.  T.  Eggleston  resigned  and  Mrs.  John 
Willis  was  elected  president. 

June  8,  1866 — Mrs.  John  Willis,  President,  resigned  and 
Mrs.  E.  D.  Wright  was  elected  to  fill  her  place.  Mrs.  Wright 
continued  to  act  as  President,  serving  faithfully  until  her  death, 
in  1891.  At  this  meeting  resolutions  were  passed  thanking  the 

—  207  — 


noble  women  of  Maryland  for  their  continuous  self-sacrificing 
devotion  to  the  relief  of  the  suffering  in  the  impoverished,  deso 
lated  South,  and  for  their  munificent  gifts  to  the  destitute  of 
our  own  State.  Numbers  of  graves  were  reported  as  marked 
and  tended. 

Judge  J.  W.  M.  Harris  reported  fifty  graves  upon  his  grounds 
as  cared  for.  These  bodies,  when  subsequently  exhumed  from 
Judge  Harris'  ground,  were  found  to  be  in  a  state  of  almost 
perfect  preservation,  though  buried  in  the  most  ordinary  wooden 
boxes.  It  was  supposed  that  petrification  had  supervened. 

Eesolutions  of  thanks  were  tendered  Col.  G.  T.  Parker,  of  the 
U.  S.  Army,  who,  out  of  the  magnanimity  of  his  own  nature, 
had,  while  detailed  to  collect  the  bodies  of  the  Northern  dead, 
marked  and  numbered  the  graves  of  the  Confederates  and  made 
a  record  of  three  thousand  graves  thus  found  in  a  large  book, 
which  beautiful  record  he  now  presented  to  the  Association. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  hearts  of  the  women  of  our  Con 
federate  Cemetery  Association  were  made  glad  and  grateful  and 
their  faith  uplifted  by  the  announcement  of  the  munificent  gift 
of  the  ground  which  now  constitutes  our  Confederate  Cemetery. 

The  cemetery  was  bought  of  Mr.  Eobert  Hough  and  wife.  It 
continues  an  enduring  witness  of  their  loyalty  to  the  cause  and 
largeness  of  heart.  This  gift  was  tendered  through  Mrs.  E.  T. 
Eggleston. 

The  deed  to  the  cemetery  was  made  to  Mrs.  E.  D.  Wright, 
President,  and  Miss  Ellen  Martin,  Secretary  of  the  Confederate 
Cemetery  Association,  as  trustees,  to  be  held  perpetually  for 
the  sacred  purpose  of  a  burial  place  of  the  Confederate  Dead. 
The  Association  now  began  with  renewed  energy  and  with 
sorrowful,  yet  glad  hearts,  to  gather  their  dead  to  this  final 
resting  place. 

July  9,  1866 — The  finance  committee  having  been  invited 
to  greater  effort,  reported  various  individual  amounts  collected. 
Mrs.  Annie  Floweree  had  collected  the  largest  amount,  per 
sonally,  $232.00.  Fees  of  membership,  $1.00  annually,  and 
of  honorary  membership,  $5.00?  were  not  included  in  these 
collections. 

July  17,  1866 — Miss  Ellen  Martin  and  Mrs.  Annie  DeMoss 
handed  the  Treasurer  $442. 00,  the  proceeds  of  a  concert  arranged 
by  them.  This  success  was  greatly  due  to  the  singing  of  Mrs. 
Eugene  Eoach  and  Mrs.  Emily  M.  Farrar. 

—  208  — 


Mrs.  John  Willis  remitted  to  the  Treasurer  $956.45,  the  result 
of  exquisite  tableaux  which  she  had  prepared. 

September.,  1866 — The  meetings  of  the  Association  were 
suspended  for  a  time  on  account  of  cholera,  prevailing  to  some 
extent,  almost  entirely  among  negroes  and  United  States  soldiers, 
quartered  here,  who  were  using  river  water. 

January,  1867 — Miss  Ellen  Martin,  Secretary  of  the  Con 
federate  Cemetery  Association,  memorialized  the  Legislature, 
asking  assistance  from  the  State  toward  completing  the  work 
of  re-burial  of  the  Confederate  Dead. 

Through  the  efficient  assistance  of  Dr.  Harvey  Shannon  and 
Major  Charles  Swett,  in  the  Senate  and  Legislature,  a  bill 
passed  unanimously  upon  the  reading  of  the  memorial,  grant 
ing  $1,000.00  for  the  purpose  requested. 

This  is  a  brief  history,  from  the  records,  of  the  work  of 
re-burying  our  dead  heroes. 

Since  that  time,  by  unobtrusive  but  persistent  effort,  the 
graves  have  been  cared  for  in  a  measure,  by  a  few  faithful 
women — notably  Mrs.  Wright  and  Mrs.  Eggleston.  Our  noble 
President,  Mrs.  E.  D.  Wright,  was  called  to  her  reward  in 
1891.  She  had  served  in  this  work  for  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  even  supervising  personally,  when  necessary,  the 
taking  up  and  reverent  handling  of  the  sacred  dust  of  our  Con 
federate  Dead. 

As  President  of  the  Confederate  Cemetery  Association,  she 
supplemented  the  four  years  work  as  President  of  the  Confeder 
ate  Aid  Association,  to  which  she  had  given  such  marvelous 
efficiency  during  the  war. 

January,  1892 — The  mantle  having  dropped  from  Mrs. 
Wright's  shoulders  upon  those  of  our  present  worthy  President, 
Mrs.  Stevens,  she  published  a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  Con 
federate  Cemetery  Association  and  all  interested  in  preserving 
the  memory  of  our  dead  heroes,  to  be  held  in  the  Presbyterian 
church,  January  10,  1892. 

This  meeting  was  held.  It  consisted  of  the  President,  Mrs. 
Stevens,  and  Secretary,  Miss  Ellen  Martin — these  two — but 
they  were  not  daunted;  they  determined  unanimously,  then  and 
there,  to  reorganize  and  to  erect  a  monument  to  mark  the  graves 
and  perpetuate  the  memory  of  our  heroic  dead. 

With  only  a  few  hundred  dollars  in  the  treasury,  accumulated 
by  the  sale  of  some  lots  from  our  Confederate  cemetery  ground; 

—  209  — 


buoyed  by  faith  in  the  Cause  and  in  the  latent  love  of  the  people 
for  it,  they  adjourned  to  the  marble  yard  and  commenced  the 
work  of  selecting,  ordering  and  rearing  a  monument.  They 
did  not  count  in  vain.  Others  have  come  to  their  help  and  the 
beautiful  monument  bears  testimony  to-day  of  their  success. 

There  was  quite  a  revival  of  interest  in  the  old  Confederate 
Cemetery  Association  after  the  monument  was  unveiled  April 
26,  1893.  Meetings  were  held  wTfch  some  regularity  and  an 
acting  secretary  chosen  in  the  person  of,  Miss  Margaret  A. 
Logan  to  relieve  Miss  Martin,  charter  member  and  Secretary, 
now  in  feeble  health.  In  1896  a  new  charter  was  voted  upon 
and  adopted.  Under  the  new  constitution  the  following  officers 
were  elected  to  serve  for  one  year :  Mrs.  M.  A.  Stevens,  Presi 
dent;  Mrs.  Frank  Hoffman,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Thos. 
W.  Preston,  Second  Vice-President;  Mrs.  E.  C.  Carroll, 
Treasurer;  Miss  Ellen  Martin,  Honorary  Secretary;  Mrs.  Chas. 
G.  Wright,  Secretary.  In  October  of  the  same  year  it  was 
decided  to  add,  "Memorial/5  to  the  chartered  name,  and  that  it 
should  henceforth  be  known  as  the  "Confederate  Cemetery 
Memorial  Association,"  with  a  roll  of  four  officers,  thirty-four 
active  and  two  honorary  members. 

In  1897  were  added  ten  more  honorary  members,  including 
the  following  surviving  Confederate  Generals:  Lt.  Gen.  Alex. 
P.  Stewart,  Maj.  Gen.  Stephen  D.  Lee,  Gen.  Jos.  E.  Wheeler, 
Lt.  Gen.  Wade  Hampton,  Lt.  Gen.  Jno.  B.  Gordon,  Gen.  James 
Long-street.  In  1893  the  city  made  its  first  appropriation  for 
meeting  expenses  of  Confederate  Memorial  Day,  and  the  money 
was  asked  for  by  Camp  No.  32,  United  Confederate  Veterans,  in 
the  name  of  the  Confederate  Cemetery  Memorial  Association. 
In  1897  the  Association  decided  to  ask  for  this  appropriation  and 
arrange  for  the  procession  and  proper  observance  of  the  day,  in 
their  own  persons,  the  Camp  to  unite  with  the  Association,  using 
its  own  ritual  upon  the  occasion.  This  order  has  been  carried 
out  yearly,  and  the  imposing  procession  wends  its  annual  course 
to  the  Confederate  Cemetery  with  all  the  pomp  and  circumstance 
ol  martial  music,  marching  soldiers,  and  the  firing  of  a 
salute  over  the  graves  of  the  men  who  wore  the  gray.  The  Con 
federate  flag  is  furled,  and  red,  white  and  red  are  the  colors  of 
the  day.  The  city's  stores  and  banks  and  schools  are  closed, 
and  thousands  go  out  to  assist  in  strewing  flowers  over  the 
graves  of  the  Confederate  Dead  and  to  listen  to  the  words  of 

—  210  — 


VICE-PRESIDENTS 
CONFEDERATED  SOUTHERN  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 


i.  Mrs.  Garland  Jones, 
Raleigh,  N.  C. 

3.  Mrs.  Sterling  C.  Robertson, 
Waco,  Texas. 

5.  Miss  Missie  Ault, 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 


2.  Mrs.  M.  A.  Stevens, 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 

4.  Mrs.  W.  D.  Chipley, 
Pensacola,  Fla. 

6.  Mr?.  Shelton  Chieves, 
Petersburg,  Va.. 


some  gifted  orator  and  to  join  in  the  solemn  prayers  offered 
by  a  loving  people,  prayers  that  the  South  may  always  cherish 
the  memories  of  those  that  died  for  her  and  that  the  bloody 
chasm  may  remain  forever  closed.  After  the  singing  of  a  hymn, 
the  multitude  disperses.  The  Union  Veteran  League  are  the 
guests  of  the  Memorial  Association  upon  the  occasion,  and  their 
floral  offerings  are  handsome  and  much  appreciated.  This 
annual  observance  of  a  day  "in  memoriam"  may  be  only  senti 
ment,  but  is  firmly  lodged  in  our  hearts. 

February  28,  1898,  our  venerable  Honorary  Secretary,  Miss 
Ellen  Martin,  "passed  over  the  river,"  having  served  the  Asso 
ciation  for  nearly  thirty-two  years.  Other  chartered  members 
have  since  been  called  away,  and  Mrs.  Stevens  is  almost  sole 
representative  of  the  old  band  who  took  upon  themselves  the 
task  of  providing  a  last  resting  place  for  the  dead  soldiers 
scattered  all  over  the  hills  in  and  around  Vicksburg. 

The  Confederate  Cemetery  Memorial  Association  has  charge 
of  the  Confederate  Cemetery  and  its  beautiful  monument;  this 
Association  is  also  the  custodian  of  the  monument  erected  by 
Louisiana,  in  memory  of  those  who  fell  during  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  1861-1865.  The  memorial  procession  forms  at  the 
Louisiana  monument,  the  military  present  arms,  two  verses  of 
a  hymn  sung  during  which  the  flower  girls  strew  the  mound 
with  flowers,  the  monument  having  been  previously  decorated 
by  the  Misses  Birchelt,  a  perpetual  committee  appointed  by  Con 
federate  Cemetery  Memorial  Association,  a  prayer  is  said,  then 
the  inarch  to  Confederate  Cemetery  is  begun.  Arriving  there 
the  artillery  fires  a  salute,  the  Confederate  ritual  is  read,  the 
mound  decorated  by  flower  girls,  the  remaining  verses  of  the 
hymn  sung,  the  oration  delivered,  followed  by  the  benediction. 

At  present  the  Association  numbers  twenty-one,  including 
the  officers.  Mrs.  M.  A.  Stevens,  our  President,  is  now  eighty- 
three  years  of  age,  and  with  one  exception  the  sole  survivor  of 
those  who  answered  to  the  first  call  of  the  Association  in  1866. 
Mrs.  M.  P.  Eoach  is  the  one  exception,  she  is  the  daughter  of  Mrs. 
E.  A.  Eggleston,  first  President  elected  but  resigning  in  two 
weeks.  The  present  Secretary  is  daughter-in-law  of  Mrs.  E.  D. 
Wright,  who  served  the  Association  for  twenty-five  years  as 
President,  from  the  third  week  of  its  life.  Mrs.  Stevens  is  Vice- 
President  from  Mississippi  of  the  Confederated  Southern 

—  211  — 


Memorial  Association,  of  which  we  became  chartered  members 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  May,  1900. 

MRS.  CHARLES  GASCOIGNE  WRIGHT, 

Secretary. 


MRS.  THEODOSIA  WORTHHSTGTTON  VALLIANT, 
VICE-PRESIDENT     CONFEDERATED     SOUTHERN 
MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION,  ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI. 

At  the  third  annual  convention  of  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  at  Dallas,  Texas,  a  resolution  offered  by 
Mrs.  M.  Louise  Benton  Graham,  was  adopted,  that  a  page  in  the 
History  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association  be 
set  apart  for  a  biography  of  Mrs.  Valliant  as  a  fitting  testimony 
of  appreciation  for  her  unfaltering  energy  in  organizing 
branches  of  Confederate  Memorial  work  in  the  State  of  Mis 
souri.  In  the  heart  of  this  patriotic  woman  slumbered  always 
the  noble  fires  of  love  for  the  South,  which  burst  forth  in 
enthusiastic  flames  of  devotion  to  work,  whenever  there  is  a 
call  for  a  Southron's  aid — for  a  Southern  Cause.  Her  first 
recorded  memorial  work  was  in  1867  in  the  town  of  Greenville, 
Mississippi,  then  her  home,  where  she  and  many  others  were 
instrumental  in  sending  a  large  sum  of  money  for  the  monument 
erected  to  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  in  Richmond,  Virginia.  In 
the  City  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  January,  1891,  a  call  was  issued 
to  Southern  women,  in  response  to  which  ninety-seven  ladies 
met  in  the  parlor  of  the  Southern  Hotel  and  organized  a  society 
called  "St.  Louis  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy."  Mrs.  L.  M. 
McLure  was  chosen  President;  Mrs.  Randolph  Hutchinson,  first 
Vice-President;  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  second  Vice-President. 
The  first  year  the  Society  achieved  a  great  financial  success, 
aggregating  seven  thousand  nine  hundred  and  forty-five  dollars 
and  eighty-five  cents.  In  six  years  the  Society  collected  twenty- 
eight  thousand  dollars,  which  was  donated  to  the  Confederate 
Home  Association  for  the  erection  of  a  Home  for  Confederate 
Veterans  in  Higginsville,  Missouri.  In  1896  the  St.  Louis 
Chapter,  with  other  Chapters,  organized  a  State  Association 
under  the  name  "Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  of  Missouri." 
Mrs.  Louis  Houck,  of  Cape  Girardeau,  was  elected  President; 
Mrs.  Valliant,  Secretary;  Miss  Lessure,  Treasurer.  The  organ- 

—  212  — 


ization  increased  in  numbers  until  sixty  Chapters  were  formed. 
It  was  the  first  body  of  Southern  women  chartered  in  Missouri. 
They  afterwards  raised  six  thousand  dollars,  and  assisted 
by  the  Confederate  Veterans,  erected  the  first  monument 
in  Missouri  at  Springfield,  where  are  buried  five  hundred  Con 
federate  soldiers  killed  in  battle  at  Wilson's  Creek.  This  monu 
ment  was  made  in  Florence,  Italy,  by  Mr.  Trentanove,  a 
celebrated  sculptor.  Mrs.  Valliant' s  heart  turned  with  linger 
ing  love  to  memorial  work  commenced  in  Mississippi,  and  in 
1900,  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  the  Confederate  Memorial 
Associations  met  and  entered  into  a  Confederation,  she,  with  the 
assistance  of  Mrs.  Jennie  Edwards  and  Mrs.  McGowan  organ 
ized  the  Confederate  Memorial  Society  of  Missouri.  The 
officers  were:  Mrs.  Theodosia  Worthington  Valliant,  President; 
Mrs.  Celeste  Pirn,  First  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Phil  Chew, 
Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Jennie  Edwards,  Secretary;  Mrs. 
McGowan,  Treasurer.  This  Society  has  one  hundred  and  fifty 
members,  and  at  each  meeting  new  names  are  enrolled.  From 
their  first  entertainment  they  cleared  fourteen  hundred  dollars, 
Mr.  Lorone  Jones,  of  St.  Louis,  contributed  one  hundred  dollars, 
through  Mrs.  A^alliant,  for  a  Missouri  Memorial  window  in  "Old 
Blandford  Church,"  at  Petersburg,  Virginia.  The  window  will 
cost  five  hundred  dollars  when  completed.  This  sum  has  been 
contributed  by  the  Confederate  Memorial  Society  of  St.  Louis, 
assisted  by  the  Sterling  Price  Memorial  Society  of  Jefferson 
City,  Missouri,  the  Blandford  Memorial  Society  of  Mexico,  Mis 
souri,  and  the  Memorial  Society  of  Springfield,  Missouri.  Mrs. 
Valliant  assisted  in  organizing  the  Sterling  Price  Society  at 
Jefferson  City  and  Blandford  Memorial  Society  of  Mexico. 
Mrs.  Valliant  was  born  at  Harrodsburg  Springs,  Kentucky, 
where  her  parents  were  sojourning  for  the  summer.  She  is  the 
daughter  of  Judge  Isaac  Mason  Worthington  and  Mrs.  Anne 
Taylor  Worthington.  Her  father  moved  from  Kentucky,  his 
native  State,  to  Washington  County,  Mississippi,  in  the  year 
1820.  He  was  a  wealthy  cotton  planter  and  exerted  great 
influence  on  account  of  his  moral  and  religious  character.  Mrs. 
Worthington,  mother  of  Mrs.  Valliant,  was  one  of  the  highest 
type  of  Southern  women,  combining  rare  beauties  of  person  and 
character.  Mrs.  Valliant's  ancestral  record  goes  back  to  the 
colonial  days  of  Virginia  and  Maryland  and  the  early  days  of 
Kentucky.  She  was  partly  educated  in  Lexington,  Kentucky, 

—  213  — 


and  Patapsco  Institute,  Maryland,  and  was  married  on 
the  21st  of  October,  1862,  to  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  a  lawyer,  who 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  Captain  of  the  22d  Missis 
sippi  Regiment.  They  moved  from  Washington  County,  Missis 
sippi,  to  St.  Louis  in  1874.  Judge  Yalliant  has  been  twice 
elected  Supreme  Judge  of  Missouri,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
Mrs.  Valliant  has  three  sons,  Frank  Worthington  Valliant,  John 
Worthington  Valliant,  and  Leroy  \Yorthington  Valliant. 


MRS.  LEROY  B.   VALLIANT,° r 

Vice-President  for  Missouri,  Confederated  Southern  MemoriaPAssociation, 
St.  Louis,  Missouri. 


MISSOURI 


SAMUEL  S.  HAEEIS  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
CAPE   GIEAEDEAU,  MISSOURI.. 

The  Samuel  S.  Harris  Memorial  Association  of  the  Confeder 
ated  Southern  Memorial  Association  was  formed  on  April  9th, 
1902,  as  follows : 

*Mrs.  Julia  E.  Harris,  President;  Miss  Alma  E.  Albert, 
Secretary  (removed  to  Baltimore)  ;  Mrs.  Louis  Hoitck,  Corres 
ponding  Secretary;  Mrs.  W.  T.  Wilson,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Louis 
B.  Houck,  Mrs.  Eobt.  L.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Wm.  B.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Sam 
M.  Green,  Mrs.  Belle  Wheeler,  Mrs.  Kate  Hamilton,  Mrs.  N. 
E.  Frissell,  Mrs.  Frank  E.  Burrough,  Mrs.  Sophia  Painter,  Mrs. 
Ellen  Wright,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Oliver,  Mrs.  L.  J.  Albert,  Jr.,  Mrs. 
Hattie  C.  Morton,  Mrs.  Edward  S.  Lilly,  Mrs.  Elmer  Ealy, 
Mrs.  Rodney  G.  Whit] aw,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Morse,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Craig, 
Mrs.  Marshall  Snyder,  Mrs.  Rosa  Albrent,  Mrs.  George  Thorn 
ton,  Mrs.  Otto  Kochtitzky,  Mrs.  John  Reagan  (transferred  to 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas),  Miss  Louise  Ranney,  Miss  Clara  Rider. 

The  membership  of  this  chapter  is  composed  largely  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  Cape  Girardeau  "  Daughters  of  the 
Confederacy  of  Missouri,"  organized  on  June  15,  1891,  as  one  of 
the  many  auxiliary  societies  to  the  Ex-Confederate  Association, 
the  purpose  of  which  was  to  build  a  home  for  disabled  Confed 
erate  soldiers  in  this  State. 

It  did  splendid  work  in  helping  to  build  and  support  the 
Confederate  Home  at  Higginsville  until  the  State  took  charge  of 
the  Home.  This  transfer  necessitated  a  change  in  the  work  of 
the  Southern  women  of  the  State  and  in  1897  the  "  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  of  Missouri,"  became  a  chartered  Associa 
tion,  having  as  its  object,  "  monumental,  historical  and  benevo 
lent  "  work. 

As  a  member  of  this  association  this  chapter  assisted  in  build 
ing  the  beautiful  monument  at  Springfield,  Missouri. 

^Deceased. 

—  215  — 


The  charter  President  of  the  State  association  was  a  member 
of  this  chapter.  In  November,  1902,  the  State  association  of 
the  "Daughters  of  the  Confederacy"  became  a  part  of  the 
Missouri  Division  of  the  National  Society  of  the  United 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 

This  chapter  reserved  its  independence  and  became  a  part  of 
the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

In  its  twelve  years  of  existence  no  call  for  aid  has  been  denied. 

Since  its  incorporation  in  the  Confederated  Southern  Memo 
rial  Association  this  Association  has  contributed  as  follows : 

To  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument,,  at  Richmond,,  Virginia — 
one  hundred  dollars;  to  the  Missouri  table  at  the  Bazaar  in 
Richmond^  Virginia,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Davis  Monument — 
ten  dollars;  to  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  for  marking  the  graves 
of  Missouri  soldiers — twenty-five  dollars;  for  improvement  of 
Confederate  cemeten^  at  Higginsville,  Missouri — ten  dollars. 

Mrs.  Julia  E.  Harris,  the  charter  President  of  our  Association 
of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association,  died  of 
heart  disease,  suddenly,  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  on  the  2nd  of 
February,  1903. 

She  was  the  youngest  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph 
William  Russell,  of  Jackson,  Missouri,  one  of  the  oldest  families 
in  this  part  of  the  State.  She  was  the  widow  of  Dr.  Samuel  S. 
Harris,  who  was  an  active  and  distinguished  Confederate  officer 
during  the  late  Civil  War. 

Her  remains  were  interred  in  the  Lorimier  cemetery  beside 
her  husband  and  two  children. 

We  who  are  members  of  this  Association,  desire  to  express 
our  deep  sorrow  at  the  sudden  death  of  our  esteemed  co-member 
and  worker,  and  as  the  years  go  by  and  our  members  become 
fewer  we  feel  the  parting  all  the  more  keenly,  since  we  are 
deprived  of  her  presence  and  timely  consultations  on  matters 
concerning  the  success  of  our  organization. 

Words  are  poor  and  weak  when  we  contemplate  such  a  loss. 

It  is  proper  for  us  who  knew  her  to  say,  that  she  was  faithful 
ir.  all  the  relations  of  life — more  is  not  necessary. 

We  ask  that  a  page  of  our  record  be  set  aside  and  this  humble 
tribute  be  entered  thereon. 

Our  beloved  and  zealous  President,  Mrs.  Julia  E.  Harris,  died 
during  the  first  year  of  her  Presidency.  Her  death  was  deeply 

—  216  — 


regretted  by  all  the  members,  to  whom  she  had  endeared  herself 
by  her  gentle,  sweet  disposition. 

MRS.  Louis  HOUCK, 

President. 


STERLING  PRICE  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 
JEFFERSON  CITY,  MISSOURI. 

The  Sterling  Price  Memorial  Association  was  organized  in  Jef 
ferson  City,  January  21,  1901,  by  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant  of  St. 
Louis,  Missouri.  Upon  the  above  date  a  meeting  of  the  South 
ern  women  in  the  City,  was  called  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Margaret 
11.  Robertson  and  a  society  organized  under  the  happiest  aus 
pices,  adopting  the  name  of  General  Sterling  Price,  in  honor  of 
that  loyal  soldier,  true  to  the  Cause  throughout  the  great  strug 
gle;  and  who  figured  conspicuously  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
The  officers  elected  for  the  first  year  were:  Mrs.  Margaret  H. 
Robertson,  President;  Mrs.  Caroline  V.  Overstreet,  Vice-Presi- 
denf;  Mrs.  Bernetta  J.  Rader,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Beauregard  H. 
Ferguson,  Secretary.  Mrs.  Robertson  resigned  in  a  short  time 
and  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Laura  W.  Allen,  our  present  efficient, 
zealous  and  affable  presiding  officer.  The  charter  members 
are:  Mesdames  Bernetta  J.  Rader,  Ada  C.  Price,  Jennie  Ed 
wards,  Margaret  H.  Robertson,  Christine  H.  Broughton,  Caro 
line  V.  Overstreet,  Mary  B.  Corwin,  Corinne  W.  Harding,  Annie 
Marstella,  Beauregard  H.  Ferguson.  Misses  Ella  McCarty,  Lau 
ra  Edwards  and  Miller  Pope.  To  these  have  been  added  the 
names  of  Mesdames  Laura  W.  Allen,  Mildred  P.  Standish, 
Frances  S.  Burkhardt,  Caroline  S.  Davison,  Virginia  Watson, 
Miss  Carrie  Davison,  Mesdames  Eva  L.  Elliott,  Anna  M.  Miller, 
Misses  Daisy  Marshall,  Letitia  Marshall,  Nellie  Ellis,  Mesdames 
Bettie  G.  Ellis,  Rena  Cutten,  Ella  Whitney,  Josephine  W.  Pol 
lock,  Olivia  H.  Cook  and  Miss  Gertrude  Aubuchon. 

In  its  labors  the  Sterling  Price  Memorial  Society  realizes 
that  its  noblest  duty  is  assisting  in  the  line  of  wrork  taken  up 
by  the  Memorial  Societies  throughout  the  State;  consequently, 
in  the  past  years  its  object  has  been  to  raise,  and  donate  a  sum  of 
money,  to  aid  in  paying  the  cost  of  a  memorial  window  which  is 
to  be  placed  in  "Old  Blandford  Church,"  Petersburg,  Va.,  Mis 
souri's  part  in  the  restoration  of  that  historic  old  church  from 

—  217  — 


its  chaos  of  ruins.  For  this  purpose  a  ball  was  given  by  the  so 
ciety  on  the  evening  of  November  21,  1901.,  at  St.  Peters  Hall. 
Magnificent  in  its  every  detail.,  and.,  financially  so  successful, 
that  besides  the  above  sum,  the  ladies  were  enabled  to  send  a 
donation  to  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  fund,  and,  this  they 
hope  to  increase  at  no  far  distant  date.  In  the  Confederate  Ee- 
union  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  May,  1901,  the  society  was  repre 
sented  by  Mrs.  Laura  W.  Allen.  With  great  pride  we  recall 
the  celebration  in  Springfield,  August,  1901,  for,  apart  from 
the  joy  experienced  in  the  dedication  of  the  handsome  monu 
ment  to  the  Confederate  dead,  the  culmination  of  many  cher 
ished  hopes,  we  note  the  prominent  part  taken  by  the  Sterling 
Price  Memorial  Society  in  the  imposing  ceremonies. 

Miss  Laura  Edwards,  sponsor,  daughter  of  the  late  John  W. 
Edwards,  and  a  member  of  our  Society,  lifted  the  veil  from 
the  pile  of  granite,  revealing  to  a  vast  throng  the  monument  of 
sentiment,  beauty  and  grandeur.  Leading  the  procession  of 
maids  of  honor  were  other  members,  and  the  chaperon  of  this 
ensemble  of  Missouri's  fair  daughters,  was  Mrs.  Laura  W.  Al 
len,  our  President.  Among  the  floral  offerings  a  palm  wreath, 
tied  with  ribbons  of  crimson  and  white,  sent  by  our  society,  was 
pronounced  the  handsomest  of  all,  and  was  suspended  upon 
the  front  of  the  monument  just  below  the  has  relief  of  General 
Sterling  Price.  In  June  last  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant  was  made 
an  honorary  member  of  the  society.  Her  visits  and  pleasant  lit 
tle  talks  add  much  to  the  interest  of  the  meetings  which  she 
attends.  In  the  first  days  of  our  organization  we  had  no  special 
time  for  the  transaction  of  business,  now,  however,  we  meet 
every  second  month  on  the  second  Monday,  the  election  of  offi 
cers  taking  place  in  January.  Last  month  the  old  officers  were 
all  re-elected  for  a  term  of  two  years.  During  the  summer 
months  the  meetings  are  held  in  the  evenings.  After  all  busi 
ness  is  transacted  a  social  hour  is  enjoyed,  a  very  pleasant  fea 
ture  of  the  meetings,  and  this  year  we  expect  to  read  and  discuss 
many  interesting  historical  subjects. 

We  are  not  very  strong  in  numbers,  but  are  steadily  increas 
ing,  and  the  societ}r  begins  its  second  year  with  bright  prospects. 
Our  little  band  is  zealous  and  willing  to  aid  in  every  enterprise 
that  may  immortalize  the  Confederate  heroes,  sleeping  among 
the  bright  flowers  and  tangled  mosses  of  the  Sunny  South,  or 

—  218  — 


PRESIDENTS  OF  MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATIONS. 


i.  Mrs.  W-  J.  Haydon, 

Springfield,  Missouri. 
3.  Mrs.  M.  D.  Bibb, 

Montgomery,  Alabama. 
5-  Mrs.  H.  Van  L.  Bird. 

Petersburg,  Virginia. 


2.  Mrs.  William  E.  Lipscomb, 

Manassas,  Virginia. 

4.  Mrs.  Maria  Cogswell, 

Nevada,  Missouri. 

6.  Mrs.  Olivia  J.  Hatton, 

Portsmouth,  Virginia, 


perchance,  resting  beneath  the  grasses  and    blue  skies    of    the 
North-land.    Noble  heroes,  not  conquered,  but  undone. 

BEAUREGARD  H.  FERGUSON, 

Secretary. 


BLANDFORD   MEMOEIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
MEXICO,  MISSOURI. 

The  Blandford  Memorial  Association,  of  Mexico,  Missouri, 
has  just  entered  upon  its  first  year  of  existence  with  brilliant 
prospects.  The  Association  was  organized  January  23rd,  1902, 
by  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  of  St.  Louis,  whose  zeal  and  executive 
ability  are  accorded  loving  praise  by  all  who  know  her.  The 
name  "  Blandford "  was  bestowed  by  Mrs.  Geo.  A.  Morris, 
who  assisted  Mrs.  Valliant  in  organizing  the  Association.  The 
work  has  been  undertaken  principally  by  young  women,  and  in 
the  short  period  of  three  months  there  has  been  an  enrollment 
of  forty-two  names.  We  have  sent  five  dollars  to  the  Confederate 
Memorial  and  Literary  Society,  of  St.  Louis,  for  the  Missouri 
Memorial  window  in  "  Old  Blandford  Church,"  at  Petersburg, 
Virginia.  We  are  pledged  to  assist  in  all  memorial  work  feeling 
that  we  owe  a  sacred  duty  to  the  memory  of  the  brave  men,  who 
died  in  defence  of  home  and  firesides. 


NEVADA  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
NEVADA  MISSOURI. 

In  Deepwood  Cemetery  there  are  buried  about  eighteen  Con 
federate  soldiers  and  for  eight  or  ten  years  past  several  of  our 
Confederate  ladies  and  Confederate  Veterans  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  meeting  on  the  morning  of  Memorial  Day  and  placing 
flowers  on  the  graves  of  these  soldiers  who  died  for  the  Cause 
they  believed  to  be  right.  So  on  Saturday,  May  25,  1901,  the 
wives  and  daughters  of  the  Confederate  Veterans  met  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  E.  J.  McGowan  to  organize  a  Memorial  Associa 
tion.  There  were  eighteen  present  and  forty-two  members  en 
rolled.  Mrs.  T.  G.  Huston  was  unanimously  elected  President; 
Miss  Anna  Ingram,  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Kathryn  Clack, 
Treasurer;  Mrs.  Annie  Lisle  Stettmund,  Secretary.  At  the 

—  219  — 


meeting  it  was  decided  to  allow  all  Southern  sympathizers  to 
become  members  of  the  Association. 

Most  of  our  members  are  from  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  but 
some  are  the  wives  and  daughters  of  those  that  went  through 
the  border  war-fare  between  Missouri  and  Kansas  which  began 
long  before  the  hostilities  between  the  North  and  the  South.  The 
history  of  that  struggle  on  the  border  can  never  be  forgotten  by 
those  who  participated  in  it. 

On  April  2,  1902,  Mrs.  Huston,  our  President,  died.  She  was 
a  grand  and  noble  woman  and  a  beautiful  representative  of  our 
true  Southern  womanhood.  At  the  next  annual  meeting,  the  re 
maining  officers  were  re-elected  and  Mrs.  M.  Cogswell  was  chosen 
President.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Colonel  Geo.  Douglas,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  Western  Missouri,  and  the  wife  of  Captain  H. 
Clay  Cogswell,  a  true  and  determined  defender  of  Southern 
Eights.  He  served  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department  from 
the  first  battle  of  Springfield,  Missouri,  to  the  battle  under  Gen. 
Taylor  on  the  banks  of  Eed  River  in  Louisiana. 

On  December  16,  1902,  our  Asociation  joined  the  Confeder 
ated  Southern  Memorial  Association  and  we  are  striving  as  far 
as  it  is  in  our  power  to  assist  in  the  grand  work  carried  on  by 
the  women  of  the  South,  to  erect  monuments  to  the  gallant  de 
fenders  of  the  "  Southern  Cause."  This  Association  has  contri 
buted  to  the  Missouri  Memorial  window  in  "Old  Blandford 
Church  "  at  Petersburg,  Virginia,  and  to  the  fund  for  a  monu 
ment  to  our  illustrious  Chieftain,  Jefferson  Davis.  One  of  our 
speakers  has  said,  "The  bravery  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  on  the 
field  of  battle  has  never  been  surpassed  in  the  annals  of  the 
world,  but  great  as  this  was  the  sublime  courage  with  which 
after  the  war  they  took  up  the  duties  of  civic  life,  after  return 
ing  to  their  ruined  and  desolate  homes,  has  commanded  the 
respect  and  admiration  of  the  world.  The  evening  shades  of  life 
are  falling  for  the  survivors  of  that  dreadful  conflict  and  one  by 
one  they  are  being  laid  to  rest  in  their  last  camping  ground." 

By  the  softening  influence  of  time  the  hatred  of  bygone  years 
is  forgotten.  The  fires  kindled  by  strife  are  dead  and  from  the 
ashes  has  risen  a  desire  in  every  heart  that  future  generations 
may  realize  what  a  privilege  is  theirs  to  honor  the  heroes  of  the 
South. 

MRS.  ANNIE  LISLE  STETTMUND, 

Corresponding  Secretary. 

—  220  — 


STATE   MONUMENT   ASSOCIATION, 
SPKINGFIELD,  MISSOURI. 

Springfield  and  vicinity  were  the  battlegrounds  from  the 
beginning  to  the  ending  of  the  greatest  fratricidal  war  history 
has  ever  recorded,  and  after  the  battles  were  over,  and  the  tattered 
remnants  of  that  brilliant,  eager  and  hope-inspired  army  that 
went  to  war  from  the  South  in  1861,  had  returned  to  desolate 
homes,  they  not  only  must  rebuild  and  begin  a  new  struggle  for 
existence,  but  must  gather  up  and  give  hallowed  burial  to  the 
exposed  remains  of  comrades  who  had  fallen  on  the  battlefields, 
or  died  in  hospitals.  All  about  were  the  uncovered  bones  of 
our  dead,  mutely  appealing  for  a  sacred  resting  place.  On  the 
23rd  day  of  November,  1866,  in  response  to  this  silent  but 
eloquent  appeal,  a  few  of  us  met  in  a  private  office  in  Spring 
field,  and  the  result  of  this  little  gathering  was  that  the  Con 
federate  Cemetery  Association  was  formed.  In  1869  a  letter 
was  written  to  Major  T.  W.  Park,  of  Platte  County,  who  was 
organizing  a  Confederate  Eeunion  Association,  requesting  him 
to  interest  the  surviving  soldiers  in  the  neglected  condition  of 
the  graves  of  their  comrades  at  Springfield.  The  letter  was 
published  in  many  of  the  State  papers,  and  from  that,  a  call 
for  a  meeting  was  issued  at  Springfield.  The  response  to  that 
call  was  beyond  the  most  hopeful  expectations;  ways  w^ere 
devised  to  raise  means  for  re-interring  the  bodies  and  earnest 
work  was  begun  to  raise  funds  for  this  sacred  purpose.  About 
three  thousand  dollars  was  raised  in  a  few  months,  and  a 
contract  let  for  the  removal  of  bodies  from  Wilson's  Creek, 
Hartville,  and  the  graves  about  Springfield.  South  of  Spring 
field  two  and  one-half  miles,  the  government  had  located  a 
cemetery,  and  the  city  of  Springfield  had  located  her  cemetery 
close  by.  The  Confederate  Cemetery  Association  also  decided 
to  locate  in  that  locality  and  bought  three  acres  of  ground  close 
by  the  National  Cemeter}^  the  city  owning  a  street  between 
them.  Five  hundred  and  four  bodies  were  re-interred  in  the 
Confederate  Cemetery,  a  plain  picket  fence  enclosed  the  grounds 
and  cedar  head-boards  marked  the  graves.  Very  few  bore  the 
names  of  the  silent  sleepers  beneath.  Among  the  few  identified 
were  Colonel  Benjamin  Brown,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Weightman, 
Lieutenant  Johnson  and  Colonel  Austin,  all  from  the  battle 
.ground  at  Wilson's  Creek.  In  1870  the  ladies  of  St.  Louis  gave 

—  221  — 


an  entertainment  for  the  benefit  of  the  Confederate  Cemetery 
at  Springfield,  and  sent  us  the  proceeds  which  amounted  to 
$500.00.  This  amount  reached  us  in  the  shape  of  two  hundred 
acres  of  wild  land  in  Pulaski  County  which  the  Association  held 
and  paid  taxes  on  until  about  ten  years  ago  when  it  was  sold 
for  $200.00  which  was  used  in  the  erection  of  a  sexton's  house 
at  the  cemetery.  After  all  the  bodies  had  been  found  and  re- 
interred,  the  Association,  in  1872,  changed  its  name  to  the 
Springfield  Monument  Association,  having  for  its  object  the 
building  of  a  monument  to  the  memory  of  our  dead,  and  the 
beautifying  of  the  cemetery  grounds.  In  1872,  we  had  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Monument  Association  the  first  decoration 
of  graves,  Colonel  Eichard  H.  Musser,  being  the  orator.  After 
that  the  Association  rested  a  while  and  for  want  of  funds  and 
some  lack  of  interest  the  cemetery  fell  into  dilapidation.  Single 
handed  and  alone  Springfield  had  done  a  great  work  and  as 
time  passed  by,  the  responses  to  appeals  for  help  met  with  slow 
and  small  returns.  Feeling  the  need  of  a  wider  field  than  our 
own  locality  for  assistance,  our  Association  sometime  in  the 
early  eighties  deeded  our  cemetery  to  the  "Confederate 
Veterans'  Association  of  Missouri."  In  1882  at  Sedalia,  Mis 
souri,  during  a  meeting  of  the  above  Association,  attention  was 
called  to  the  needs  of  the  cemetery,  which  resulted  in  the  build 
ing  of  a  wall  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $6,000.00.  The  city  of 
Springfield  donated  the  street  which  separated  us  from  the 
National  Cemetery  and  the  government  gave  us  permission  to 
join  fences  and  save  the  expense  of  one-fourth  the  wall. 

Our  Monument  Association  was  appointed  as  Guardians  and 
Custodians  of  the  cemetery  and  we  kept  working  along  quietly 
hoping  some  day  to  be  able  to  rear  a  shaft  to  the  memory  of  our 
dead,  and,  when  it  seemed  almost  a  hopeless  task,  several  ladies 
of  Springfield  decided  they  would  at  least  have  headstones  at 
the  graves  and  with  that  object  in  view  made  a  canvass  of  the 
town,  which  soon  resulted  in  a  neat  marble  headstone  being 
placed  at  each  grave. 

About  this  time  it  was  thought  best  to  build  a  soldiers'  home 
in  the  State,  and  we  were  asked  to  give  up  for  the  present  the 
hope  of  having  a  monument  in  our  cemetery  and  divert  every 
dollar  to  the  building  of  the  home. 

Through  all  the  months  and  years  of  the  struggle  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  Home  our  Monument  Association  kept 

—  222  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

[Unveiled  1901. 
Springfield,  Missouri. 


bravely  on,  giving  most  of  its  earnings — and  they  were  scant 
at  times — to  the  Home,  but  always  reserving  enough  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  Memorial  Day  and  keeping  the  cemetery  grounds 
in  order. 

After  a  time,  some  officers  of  the  Home  Association  seemed  to 
recognize  the  fact  that  faithful  Springfield  had  silently  and 
uncomplainingly  done  more  than  her  share,  and  told  our 
Association  that  if  we  would  send  one  hundred  dollars  more 
we  would  not  be  asked  again.  We  gladly  complied  with  those 
terms  and  could  hardly  wait  to  send  our  check.  We  were  free 
once  more  to  work  for  our  monument.  Many  of  us  who  had 
started  out  in  the  early  dawn  of  hopeful  youth  had  grown  gray 
in  the  cause  and  were  getting  hopeless  and  very  little  interest 
was  evinced  from  that  time  on  until  we  went  into  the  State 
Association  of  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  with  headquarters 
at  St.  Louis,  they  pledging  at  least  five  thousand  dollars  and 
that  our  monument  be  the  first  to  be  completed.  From  that 
time  on  a  new  impetus  was  given  to  the  monument  and  being 
brought  in  close  touch  with  many  prominent  and  enthusiastic 
ex-Confederates  and  others  interested  we  soon  grew  to  feel 
that  we  would  have  the  Monument,  and  as  our  success  increased 
our  ideas  expanded  and  we  worked  for  a  bronze  figure,  to  cost 
twelve  thousand  dollars,  and  we  got  it. 

Of  this  amount  we  think  the  Springfield  Association  can 
justly  claim  to  have  raised  about  one-fifth. 

On  August  10th,  1901,  our  monument  was  unveiled  with 
appropriate  ceremonies,  the  grounds  of  the  cemetery  having  been 
put  in  good  order,  the  wall  pointed  up,  the  cottage  painted,  and 
on  summing  up  the  amount  our  cemetery  had  cost,  including 
the  price  of  the  monument,  about  twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 

The  object  for  which  we  were  organized  being  now  attained 
we  will  continue  to  work  to  beautify  our  cemetery,  and  having 
in  April,  1901,  joined  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
Association,  will  assist  in  all  worthy  objects  brought  to  our 
notice. 

This  year  we  will  send  one  hundred  dollars  to  the  Jefferson 
Davis  monument  fund;  twenty  dollars  to  the  Memorial  Window 
in  Old  Blandford  Church,  Petersburg,  Virginia;  fifteen  dollars 
to  the  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  monument  fund;  and,  although 
we  hardly  hope  for  the  same  enthusiasm  and  interest  heretofore 
evinced  when  the  object  was  so  near  our  homes  and  our  hearts, 

—  223  — 


we  feel  safe  in  promising  all  the  assistance  possible  to  the 
success  of  the  grand  and  worthy  objects  for  which  the  Con 
federated  Southern  Memorial  Association  is  organized. 

We  can  not  close  this  interesting  history  of  Woman's  work 
in  Springfield  without  a  few  words  in  recognititon  of  the 
valuable  assistance  rendered  by  Mrs.  W.  J.  Haydon,  the  present 
President  of  the  State  Monument  Association.  Mrs.  W.  J. 
Haydon,  whose  picture  appears  in  this  history,  was  born  in 
Ander  County.,  Kentucky.  Her  parents  were  Jeremiah  and 
Artemesia  Ford.  She  was  educated  in  Kentucky,  completing 
her  education  in  the  Presbyterian  College  at  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky.  She  removed  with  her  parents  to  Missouri  in  1860, 
residing  in  Shelby  County.  She  was  married  to  the  Hon.  W. 
J.  Hay  don,  of  Mexico,  Missouri,  in  1867,  and  in  1868  they 
removed  to  Springfield,  Missouri,  where  they  have  since  resided. 
Mrs.  Hayden  was  one  among  the  first  to  engage  in  this  noble 
work,  and  from  that  time  to  the  present  writing,  she  has  never 
ceased.  In  every  enterprise  having  for  its  object  the  raising  of 
funds  to  complete  the  work  she  has  been  among  the  first. 

In  1883  she  called  a  meeting  of  the  ladies  of  Springfield, 
and  organized  a  monument  association,  she  being  elected 
President  and  serving  five  years.  A  cut  of  the  monument 
erected  by  the  help  of  this  Association  adorns  one  of  the  pages 
of  this  book.  In  1902  she  was  elected  President  of  the  State 
Monument  Association,  which  office  she  still  holds;  she  went  as 
a  delegate  to  the  Convention  of  the  Confederated  Southern 
Memorial  Association  at  Dallas,  Texas.  Mrs.  Haydon  is  a  woman 
of  large  experience  and  executive  ability,  of  a  fine  Christian 
character  and  a  helper  in  all  good  works. 

EETTA  HUDNALL, 

Secretary. 


—  224  — 


CONFEDEKATE  MEMORIAL  SOCIETY  OF  MISSOURI. 
ST.  LOUIS,  MISSOURI. 

The  Confederate  Memorial  Society  of  Missouri  was  organized 
May  30,  1900.  Many  of  its  charter  members  were  ladies  who 
had  partly  engaged  in  memorial  work  since  1865.  When  the 
need  of  ministering  to  the  wants  and  alleviating  the  sufferings 
of  their  soldiers  ceased,  they  took  up  the  holy  duty  of  memorial 
work.  This  work  has  never  languished  through  all  these  years, 
and  when  larger  fields  and  greater  scope  for  achievement  was 
offered  by  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association 
they  eagerly  responded  by  forming  a  strictly  Memorial  Society 
and  becoming  a  charter  member  of  that  body.  This  Society 
has  taken  the  liveliest  interest  in  organizing  memorial  societies 
throughout  the  State.  Our  President,  Mrs.  Leroy  B.  Valliant, 
effected  the  organization  of  the  Jefferson  City  Society  and  was 
complimented  by  an  honorary  membership.  The  Blandford 
Society  at  Mexico  also  owes  its  being  to  her  enthusiasm  and 
zeal.  Mrs.  Celeste  Pirn,  the  enthusiastic  Vice-President,  is  ever 
on  the  alert  to  assist  in  all  memorial  work.  She  is  a  native  of 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  a  descendant  of  the  earliest  French 
settlers.  During  the  war  she  gave  all  the  aid  and  comfort  in  her 
power  to  the  cause  of  the  South.  In  1865  she  married  Dr.  Louis 
Tousard  Pirn.  He  was  a  native  of  West  Chester,  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  but  was  identified  with  the  South  since 
childhood.  He  died  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis  on  the  24th  of 
June,  1888.  Mrs.  Pirn  held  the  office  of  Treasurer  for  many 
years  in  the  "Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  of  Missouri."  With 
untiring  zeal  she  assisted  in  the  movement  to  erect  a  Home  for 
Confederate  soldiers  at  Higginsville,  Missouri,  and  she  contri 
buted  largely  to  the  first  Confederate  monument  at  Springfield, 
Missouri.  Mrs.  Pirn  has  two  daughters,  Mrs.  Celeste  P.  Rose 
and  Mrs.  A.  Ha}^den  Kay,  of  St.  Louis,  and  three  sons,  Dr. 
Louis  T.  Pirn,  Jr.,  Robert  and  Howard  Pirn.  We  cannot  refrain 
from  mentioning  the  original  Memorial  Society  at  Springfield 
— organized  in  1865,  thus  becoming  the  nucleus  of  memorial 
work  in  the  State  of  Missouri.  These  dear  women  ministered 
to  the  wounded  and  dying  at  Wilson's  Creek,  and  it  must  always 
be  borne  in  mind  that  Missouri  was  bounded  on  three  sides  by 
the  enemy.  It  is  with  regret  that  we  have  to  acknowledge  that, 
while  our  society  has  been  enabled  to  raise  large  sums  of  money 


in  St.  Louis  by  amusing  the  people,  we  can  not  have  any  public 
celebration  or  speeches,  in  honor  of  our  beloved  President, 
Jefferson  Davis,  because  the  public  is  lacking  in  the  necessary 
sentiment.  Memorial  work  commends  itself  most  persuasively 
to  noble,  generous  spirits,  especially  memorials  to  those  who 
gave  their  lives  for  the  "Confederate  Cause."  Therefore,  it  is 
not  surprising  that  when  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of 
Petersburg,  Virginia,  asked  the  assistance  of  every  Camp  and 
Association  in  re-habilitating  "Old  Blandford  Church,"  our 
Society  responded  most  lovingly.  Five  hundred  dollars  was 
pledged  for  a  Missouri  Memorial  Window  in  that  historic 
Church,  and  three  hundred  dollars  for  the  Jefferson  Davis 
monument.  Our  efforts  to  raise  these  sums  have  been  crowned 
with  great  success,  and  the  Society  is  rounding  up  its  record 
year  of  organized  existence  with  a  large  membership,  fulfilled 
pledges,  and  the  courage  and  ambition  to  press  forward  to  yet 
greater  achievements. 

"Forgetting  the  things  which  are  behind  and  reaching  forth 
unto  these  things  which  are  before,  we  press  toward  the  mark 
for  the  prize  of  our  high  calling." 

The  State  of  Missouri  sent  $1,205.23  to  the  Confederate 
Bazaar  in  Richmond,  Va.,  in  April,  1903,  for  the  joint  benefit 
of  the  Confederate  Museum  and  the  Jefferson  Davis  Monument 
fund.  A  large  proportion  of  this  generous  sum  was  contributed 
by  the  Confederate  Memorial  Society  of  St.  Louis. 


—  22<>  — 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


LADIES'   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
RALEIGH,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Very  soon  after  the  conclusion  of  the  war  between  the  States, 
involving  as  it  did,  ruin  to  our  country  and  bitter  disappoint 
ment  and  humiliation  to  our  people,  the  hearts  and  minds  of 
the  women  of  the  South  turned  to  the  duty  of  caring  for  the 
bodies  of  our  soldiers  who  lay  on  a  hundred  battle  fields,  or  who 
were  scattered  in  cemeteries  rudely  laid  out  near  hospitals  or 
the  sites  of  former  camps,  in  many  cases  exposed  to  desecration, 
or  in  danger  of  being  confused  with  the  Federal  dead.  The  wom 
en  of  Raleigh  were  no  laggards  in  this  sacred  task,  and  at  a  meet 
ing  held  in  the  Senate  Chamber  of  the  Capitol,  May  23rd,  1866, 
a  society  was  formed  called  the  "  Wohe  County  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association,  the  object  of  the  Association  being  to  protect  and 
care  for  the  graves  of  our  Confederate  soldiers.  The  remains 
of  most  of  them  were  buried  in  the  vicinity  of  Raleigh,  chiefly 
on  the  grounds  of  the  present  Federal  Cemetery  which  was  con 
fiscated  by  the  United  States  authorities  when  in  command  at 
this  point.  This  movement  was  led  by  such  noble,  tried  and  true 
spirits  as  Mrs.  L.  0.  B.  Branch,  Mrs.  John  Devereaux,  Mrs. 
George  W.  Mordecai,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Miller,  Mrs.  William  R,  Cox, 
Mrs.  K.  P.  Battle,  Mrs.  E.  Graham  Hayand,  Mrs.  Annie  Bushel, 
Mrs.  Lucy  Evans,  Mrs.  Drusy  Lacey,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Husted,  Mrs. 
John  G.  Williams,  Mrs.  Chas.  E.  Johnson,  Mrs.  W.  G.  Hill,  Mrs. 
Ellen  Mordecai,  Mrs.  Henry  Mordecai,  Mrs.  T.  H.  Selby,  Mrs. 
H.  S.  Smith,  Miss  Sophia  Portridge,  Mrs.  May  Speight,  Miss 
Mildred  Comesau,  Miss  Sallie  Hayand  and  Miss  Annie  Law 
rence.  After  prayer  and  an  address  by  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Lacey, 
the  following  officers  were  chosen.  Mrs.  L.  0.  B.  Branch,  Presi 
dent;  Mrs.  Henry  Miller,  First  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Lucy  B. 
Evans,  Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Robert  Lines,  Third  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  Mary  Lacey,  Fourth  Vice-President;  Miss  So 
phia  Portridge,  Secretary;  Miss  Minnie  Mason,  Treasurer;  with 

—  227  — 


the  following  advisory  Council.  George  W.  Mordecai,  P.  F. 
Pescud,  H.  W.  Husted,  William  Grines,  B.  C.  Mouly,  and  Gen. 
W.  E.  Cox. 

It  was  in  the  mind  of  Miss  Sophia  Portridge,  a  lady  distin 
guished  for  her  purity,  refinement,  and  sympathetic  nature,  that 
the  thought  of  organizing  an  association  for  the  re-interment  and 
future  care  of  our  dead  Heroes  first  dawned,  and  it  is  to  her 
influence  and  persistent  exertions  that  the  first  Confederate 
Cemetery  in  the  late  Confederate  States  of  which  the  writer  has 
any  knowledge  was  organized,  and  no  mother  ever  nursed  her  first 
born  with  the  care  she  gave  to  keeping  the  Cemetery  in  good 
order,  and  to  making  the  Memorial  Association  a  success.  She 
loved  and  sympathized  with  every  plan  intended  to  alleviate  the 
sorrows  and  pains  of  the  sick  soldiers  during  the  war  and  when 
an  improvised  hospital  was  furnished  near  the  old  Fair  Grounds, 
she  was  preeminent  among  the  workers.  Until  the  close  of  the 
war  she  was  found  in  the  hospitals,  cheering  and  comforting  the 
sick  and  the  wounded,  and  when  these  died  she  saw  that  boards 
with  their  names  were  placed  at  the  heads  of  their  graves,  and 
thus  were  the  names  of  many  preserved. 

How  THE  LOT  WAS  SECURED. 

Having  no  lot  and  no  money  to  buy  one,  voluntary  contribu 
tions  were  made  by  the  ladies  and  Mrs.  Henry  Burgwyn  and 
Messrs.  George  Mordecai,  James  B.  Shepard,  Francis  Gilliam, 
Paul  C.  Comerin,  P.  F.  Pescud,  Father  McNamara  and  Gen. 
Thomas  Clingman  became  life  members  by  paying  one  hundred 
dollars  each.  Besides  these,  contributions  were  made  by  our 
citizens  generally,  and  many  ladies  became  life  members  by  pay 
ing  one  dollar,  through  the  efforts  of  a  committee  comprising 
some  of  the  most  charming  maidens  then  known  in  this  city. 
The  late  George  W  Mordecai,  whom  everybody  loved  and  whose 
memory  is  and  ever  will  be  cherished  by  all  who  knew  him, 
and  Mr.  P.  F.  Pescud,  another  patriotic  and  devoted  citizen,  were 
appointed  to  select  and  secure  a  suitable  lot.  After  devoting  an 
hour  or  two  every  day  for  some  weeks  to  a  survey  of  the  suburbs, 
the  premises  now  known  as  the  "Ladies'  Memorial  Cemetery"  was 
agreed  upon.  This  land  was  owned  by  the  late  Henry  Mordecai, 
and  this  gentleman  knew  that  Mr.  Pescud,  as  a  member  of  the 
City  Council,  had  for  years  advocated  the  necessity  of  a  larger 
and  more  suitable  cemetery  than  the  old  one  on  Horgelt  Street, 

—  228  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled   1895. 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 


and  insisted  that  one  should  be  secured  and  beautified. 
When  therefore,  in  company  with  Mr.  George  Mordecai  he  asked 
Mr.  Henry  Mordecai  to  make  a  donation  of  as  many  acres  as 
the  ladies  wanted,  and  as  an  inducement  for  such  liberality 
agreed  to  raise  a  joint  stock  company  to  purchase  his  land  ad 
joining  and  to  convert  it  into  a  cemetery  and  park,  the  gener 
ous  Mordecai  replied :  "Mr.  Pescud,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  is  welcome  to  as  many  acres  of  my  land  as  is  needed  for 
such  a  sacred  purpose  without  any  consideration,  and  not  only 
this,  but  concerning  the  enterprise  you  refer  to,  and  which  has 
been  so  long  on  your  heart,  I  will  aid  you  to  the  extent  of  my 
ability  in  the  price  of  the  land  wanted  for  the  purpose/'  With 
the  assistance  of  Col.  W.  E.  Anderson,  then  Cashier  of  the  State 
National  Bank,  and  who  was  for  years  the  faithful  Treasurer  of 
the  Association,  the  Oakwood  Cemetery  was  soon  organized.  Hence 
tc:  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  are  our  citizens  indebted 
for  that  most  beautiful  park  and  cemetery,  and  to  the  lamented 
George  W.  Mordecai,  whose  abounding  charity  God  only  knows 
are  they  chiefly  indebted  for  the  adornments  made  therein.  A 
part  of  nearly  every  day  until  his  last  fatal  illness  he  spent  in 
superintending  the  improvements  of  the  grounds. 

CONDITIONS  OF  THE  GROUNDS  WHEN  DONATED. 

The  land  was  covered  with  native  oaks  and  pines  and  was  full 
of  gulches.  On  the  west  side  was  a  deep  ravine  and  the  cost  of 
removing  superfluous  trees  by  the  roots,  grading,  terracing, 
opening  the  walks  and  graves  more  than  absorbed  all  the  money 
raised,  and  a  further  call  for  funds  had  to  be  made.  This  was 
liberally  responded  to.  The  work  of  preparing  the  grounds  was 
done  by  Mr.  John  Walters  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  P.  F.  Pes- 
cud. 

DlS-INTERRING  AND  EE-INTERRING  THE  BODIES  OF  OUR  DEAD. 

The  late  Geo.  W.  Whiting*  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  to 
ascertain  where  our  fallen  heroes  were  buried  and  to  have  their 
remains  dis-interred  and  removed  to  the  Cemetery.  He,  assisted 
by  Misses  Blanche  Brigg,  Annie  Lovejoy  and  Sue  B.  Pescud,  re 
marked  in  pencil  all  the  head-boards  at  the  graves  they  found  and 
prepared  a  list  of  the  names  written  thereon.  Before  the  graves 
were  opened  Mr.  P.  F.  Pescud,  aided  by  the  ladies,  received  and 
superintended  the  re-interment  of  the  remains,  which  work  occu- 

*The  late  George  W.  Whiting  has  long  since  passed  away ;  he  is  at  rest  in  the 
Confederate  Cemetery,  and  a  verse  from  one  of  his  poems  is  engraved  on  the  face  of 
a  Confederate  Monument,  which  stands  at  the  Northeast  corner  of  the  Cemetery. 


pied  several  weeks.  It  is  in  this  connection  proper  to  mention  that 
we  were  forced  to  re-inter  the  remains  of  our  noble  soldiers  be 
fore  the  Cemetery  was  in  readiness,  because  of  the  heartlessness 
of  the  wretch  sent  by  the  authorities  at  Washington  City  to  pre 
pare  a  Cemetery  for  the  Federal  dead  in  which  confiscated  ground 
most  of  our  dead  were  buried.  This  said  Nero  sent  insulting 
messages  to  the  Memorial  Association  insisting  on  the  removal 
of  the  Confederate  dead  before  the  cemetery  was  in  readiness  for 
the  graves  to  be  opened  and  finally  threatened  that  if  our  dead 
were  not  removed  in  twenty-four  hours  their  remains  would  be 
thrown  in  the  public  road. 

It  is  needless  to  say  this  inhuman  conduct  and  threat,  com 
ing  from  such  a  source.,  moved  to  activity  every  loyal  citizen  of 
the  town  and  with  commendable  alacrity  they  responded  to 
the  call  of  the  ladies  and  preparations  were  immediately  begun 
for  their  removal  to  the  Cemetery.  This  work  was  done  almost 
entirely  by  the  young  men  of  the  city  who  had  fought  side  by 
side  with  their  comrades.  It  was  a  "  labor  of  love."  They  came 
with  picks  and  wheel  barrows  determined  never  to  cease  until 
the  last  Southern  soldier  was  removed  to  a  place  of  safety. 
They  were  assisted  in  this  work  by  our  faithful  women  walking 
by  their  sides,  cheering  and  encouraging  them  as  they  trudged 
the  weary  distance  between  the  two  cemeteries  under  a  scorching 
summer  sun.  One  good  woman,  seeing  them  almost  overcome 
by  the  task,  begged  a  cask  of  beer  and  walking  by  their  side  gave 
it  out  as  she  saw  they  needed  it.  Just  here  a  touching  little  in 
cident.  One  of  the  coffins  had  been  a  little  strained  at  its  join 
ings,  by  handling,  allowing  a  long,  half  curled  lock  of  fair  hair 
to  escape,  which  hung  down  as  the  coffin  was  lifted  from  the 
wagon.  That  the  young  men  of  this  day  may  appreciate  the 
value  of  the  work  done  so  cheerfully  and  yet  with  so  much  sad 
ness  of  soul,  we  will  state  that  when  most  of  the  coffins  reached 
the  cemetery  they  were  sadly  in  need  of  repairs,  others  were 
half  full  of  a  most  offensive  fluid,  as  the  coffins  at  the  top  leaked 
badly.  In  removing  them  from  the  wagons  to  the  graves,  the 
persons  and  clothing  of  those  thus  emplo}Ted  were  thoroughly 
saturated,  but  such  was  the  love  of  our  noble  boys  for  their  late 
comrades  in  arms  and  so  heartily  did  they  sympathize  with  the 
ladies  in  their  work,  that  none  flinched  or  complained,  though 
some  were  physically  prostrated  by  excessive  fatigue.  The  work 
of  removing  our  dead  from  the  spot  where  they  were  so  obnox- 


EX-PRESIDENTS  OF  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATIONS. 


i.  Mrs.  Philip  Williams, 

Winchester,  Virginia. 

3.  Mrs.  Bettie  Walters  Flinn, 
Danville,  Virginia. 

5.  Mrs.  Thomas  J.  HamilUn, 
Thomson,  Georgia. 


2.  Mrs.  E.  D.  Wright, 

Vicksburg,  Mississippi. 

4.  Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Batchelor, 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina* 

6.  Mrs.  M.  R.  Barbour, 
Manassas,  Virginia. 


ious  being  accomplished,  attention  was  now  turned  to  gathering 
them  from  far  off  battlefields.  The  thirsty  soil  of  Gettysburg 
drank  in  some  of  the  best  blood  of  North  Carolina  and  from 
this  place  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  bodies  were  brought 
home  at  one  time,  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  graves,  with 
open,  hungry  mouths,  to  receive  a  like  number  of  bodies,  was 
a  scene  rarely  witnessed  by  human  eyes.  At  this  time  the  La 
dies'  Memorial  Association  was  formally  organized  and  work 
was  begun  putting  the  Cemetery  in  order.  The  walks  were  laid 
off,  grass  seed  sown,  flowers  and  shrubs  planted,  a  handsome 
Confederate  Monument  was  erected  and  a  beautiful  iron  pavil- 
lion  was  placed  in  the  center  of  the  grounds,  wooden  headstones 
were  exchanged  for  granite  ones  and  the  present  system  of 
marking  them  by  numbers  and  recording  both  name  and  num 
ber  in  a  register  was  adopted. 

We  have  in  our  Cemetery  handsome  and  imposing  monu 
ments  to  the  following  brave  and  distinguished  men:  Gen. 
George  B.  Anderson,  Col.  Harry  Burgwyn,  Col.  Turner  Mc- 
Loud,  Col.  Eandolph  A.  Shotnell  and  Capt.  W.  C.  Stronch.  In 
1883  one  hundred  and  seven  Confederate  dead  were  removed 
from  the  National  Cemetery  at  Arlington  and  with  all  the  sol 
emnity  befitting  the  occasion  were  laid  to  rest  in  their  own  na- 
iive  soil.  At  the  rate  of  one  per  month  the  Veterans  from  our 
Soldiers'  Home  near  the  city  are  transferred  to  our  "  City  of  the 
Dead,"  which  keep  the  number  ever  increasing.  We  now  num 
ber  about  one  thousand  graves  of  as  brave  men  as  ever  drew 
•sword  for  their  country.  Lying  side  by  side  with  our  North 
Carolina  dead  are  forty-six  South  Carolinians,  forty-four  Geor 
gians,  eight  Alabamians,  eight  Mississippians,  four  Virginians, 
two  Floridians,  two  Tennesseeans,  one  Texan,  hung  by  order  of 
Kilpatrick  for  firing  on  the  streets  of  Ealeigh  as  his  command 
approached  the  Capitol  on  the  morning  of  the  surrender),  one 
Louisianan,  one  from  Arkansas,  three  Confederate  States  Ma 
rines  and  one  hundred  and  six  unknown  dead.  The  cemetery  is 
divided  into  sections,  and  each  State  has  allotted  to  it  a  certain 
portion.  Granite  head  stones  have  been  placed  at  the  head  of 
each  grave  on  which  are  inscribed  the  name  of  the  soldier,  the 
State  from  which  he  came,  and  each  for  future  reference  has 
been  renumbered.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Association  held  May 
3d,  1867,  it  was  decided  that  the  10th  of  May,  being  the  anni 
versary  of  the  death  of  the  immortal  Stonewall  Jackson,  should 

—  231  — 


be  observed  as  "Memorial  Day"  and  that  the  exercises  should 
be  public  so  far  as  to  meet  in  the  Capitol  square  and  to  proceed 
from  thence  to  the  Cemetery.  The  older  members  of  the  Asso 
ciation  well  remember  the  meeting  in  the  room  at  the  Capitol 
square  of  a  number  of  faithful  men  and  women  who  walked  to 
the  cemetery  carrying  their  garlands  and  crosses  of  flowers,  and 
closely  followed  and  watched  by  several  Federal  officers  detailed 
by  the  military  authorities  who  then  governed  the  State,  to  see 
that  no  procession  was  formed.  "  Indeed  the  threat  was  made 
that  if  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  chiefly  women  and 
children  did  form  a  procession,  if  would  be  fired  on  without  fur 
ther  warning."  On  this  day  there  were  no  exercises  of  any  kind,, 
not  even  a  prayer,  and  it  demanded  some  courage  and  indepen 
dence  from  those  who  walked  under  the  dripping  skies,  through 
the  ankle  deep  mud  of  the  country  road  which  is  now  "Oakwood 
Avenue"  to  fulfill  this  poor  duty  to  the  dead.  Beautiful  Oak- 
wood  did  not  then  exist.  The  Confederate  Cemetery  was  a 
solitary  enclosure  in  the  woods  full  of  newly  made  graves, 
scarcely  giving  promise  of  the  neatness  and  order  which  now 
marks  the  sacred  spot. 

October  4th,  1869,  Mrs.  L.  0.  B.  Branch  resigned  the  office  of 
President,  which  she  had  exercised  with  great  ability,  contribut 
ing  greatly  to  the  success  of  the  Association,  and  Mrs.  T.  H.  Sel- 
by  was  elected  in  her  place.  Mrs.  Selby  died  in  1870  and  Mrs. 
H.  T.  Smith  was  elected.  At  her  death  Mrs.  Robert  Lewis  be 
came  President.  Since  that  time  the  Presidents  have  been  Mrs. 
Eobert  H.  Jones,  Mrs.  Leo  D.  Heorlt,  Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Batchelor 
and  Mrs.  Garland  Jones,  who  now  fills  the  office.  At  the  annual 
meeting  June  27th,  1883,  it  was  moved  by  Mrs.  W.  S.  Prim 
rose  and  adopted  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  that  in 
the  future,  the  subject  of  the  oration  on  Memorial  Day,  be  the 
war  services  of  one  of  the  generals  or  of  some  distinguished  offi 
cer  of  North  Carolina,  or  some  notable  event  connected  with 
the  State's  history,  that  the  orator  be  chosen  by  the  family  of 
the  officer,  who  should  be  selected  as  the  subject,  and  that  the 
orations  be  placed  among  the  archives  of  the  State  as  material 
for  history.  For  seventeen  years  this  rule  has  been  observed 
and  we  now  have  a  collection  of  most  valuable  orations  delivered 
by  some  of  the  States'  most  gifted  orators.  In  this  length 
of  time  the  lives  of  Generals  Branch,  Pender,  Bamseur,  Grimes, 
Pettigrew,  Hill,  Whiting,  Daniels,  Ransom,  Anderson,  Cling- 

—  232  — 


ham,  Laerenthorpe,  McEae  and  Gordon  have  been  subjects.  Also 
addresses  on  the  "  Junior  Eeserves  "  and  "  Private  Soldiers  "  of 
North  Carolina,  the  "Immortal  26th  Eegiment"  and  "The  events 
that  led  up  to  the  war  and  the  first  year  of  the  war." 

At  the  first  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  held  in  the 
Commons  Hall  in  the  Spring  of  1867,  a  large  assemblage  of  our 
citizens  were  addressed  by  that  gallant  gentleman  and  unusually 
gifted  orator,  the  late  Major  Seaton  Gates.  Since  then  the 
following  orators  have  had  the  honor  to  address  the  Association : 
Capt.  J.  J.  Davis,  Maj.  W.  M.  Bobbins,  Gen.  M.  W.  Eansom, 
Col.  Eobt,  H.  Cowon,  Gen.  Wade  Hampton,  Col.  W.  F.  Green, 
Gen.  W.  E.  Cox,  Capt.  Samuel  A.  Ashe,  Capt.  Samuel  T.  Wil- 
lins,  Capt.  E.  E,  Stamps,  Col.  Thomas  C.  Fuller,  Col.  Ed.  Gra 
ham  Hayand,  Col.  Wharton  J.  Green,  Maj.  John  W.  Moore,  CoL 
L.  L.  Polk,  Col.  W.  H.  H.  Cowles,  Col.  H.  A.  London,  Governor 
A.  M.  Scoles,  Judge  W.  E.  Bennett,  Honorable  B.  H.  Bunn, 
Judge  A.  C.  Avery,  Judge  W.  A.  Montgomery,  Hon.  Febiua 
H.  Busbee,  Capt.  C.  B.  Denson,  Col.  Edmond  Jones,  Col.  A. 
M.  Woddell,  Maj.  Graham  Daves,  and  Judge  Duncan  McEae. 
The  pastors  of  the  several  churches  of  the  city  have  alternately 
acted  as  Chaplains  and  some  of  the  most  distinguished  gentle 
men  of  the  city  have  gallanty  acted  as  Chief  Marshal. 

On  May  7th,  1893,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association 
an  auxiliary  was  formed  comprising  the  young  ladies  of  the 
city  with  the  following  officers  and  members:  Miss  Margie 
Busbee  (now  Mrs.  William  Shipp),  President;  Miss  Mabel  Hale, 
Vice-President ;  Miss  Allic  Gates,  Secretary;  Miss  Helen  Mc 
Eae,  Treasurer.  Members:  Misses  Mary  and  Elizabeth  Daniels 
Annie  Busbee,  Lizzie  Jackson,  Nannie  Jones,  Florence  Jonesr 
Lorie  Parks,  Xannie  Craig,  Ethel  Bogley,  Blanche  Blake,  Kate 
Stronck,  Mary  Shipp,  Mamie  Cowper,  Maggie  Cowper,  Louise 
Busbee,  Sophie  Busbee,  Nellie  Heart,  Mildred  Badger,  Lula 
Ellington,  Lizzie  Ellington,  Elizabeth  Hinsdale,  and  Mar 
garet  Hinsdale.  The  Association  feels  quite  satisfied  to  leave 
its  work  in  the  hands  of  these  worthy  young  women  feeling 
sure  the  trust  will  be  sacredly  guarded.  Mrs.  Joseph  B.  Batche- 
lor  was  elected  President  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 
During  her  term  of  office,  which  lasted  eight  years,  little  work 
of  importance  was  undertaken,  the  formative  period  of  the  As 
sociation  having  passed.  But  interest  in  the  work  was  kept 
alive  and  has  increased  and  much  was  done  at  the  cemetery  in 

—  233  — 


the  way  of  beautifying  the  grounds  and  planting  trees  and  flow 
ers.  Mrs.  Batchelor  resigned  her  office,  April  17th,,  1893,  and 
Mrs.  Garland  Jones  was  elected  to  fill  her  place,  and  Mrs.  F.  A. 
Olds  as  Secretary.  On  April  8,  1897,  Mrs.  Olds  resigned  and 
Miss  Annie  S.  Devereaux  was  elected  to  fill  her  place,  which 
position  she  still  holds  and  serves  with  fidelity  and  love.  Since 
Mrs.  Jones  assumed  the  duties  of  President,  the  work  of  the 
Association  has  been  continued.  All  the  records  of  the  Associa 
tion,  including  a  list  of  the  names  of  all  the  dead  in  the  ceme 
tery,  have  been  carefully  copied  and  deposited  in  the  citizens' 
book  in  the  vault.  The  graves  of  the  dead  brought  here  from 
Arlington  have  been  marked  by  suitable  stones  and  the  nucleus 
-of  an  endowment  has  been  placed  at  interest.  Some  slight 
changes  have  been  made  in  the  details  of  Memorial  Day  exercis 
es  which  it  is  hoped  will  make  these  services  more  solemn  and 
dignified  and  more  truly  in  harmony  with  the  feelings  of  those 
most  vitally  interested.  It  is  the  hope  and  the  prayer  of  the 
older  members  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  that  this 
work  be  not  allowed  to  die  with  the  passing  away  of  its  founders 
of  that  generation,  which  knew  the  birth  of  the  "storm  beaten 
nation/'  and  which  mourns  its  fall,  and  whose  hearts  cherish  the 
fadeless  glories  of  the  Confederate  flag;  but  that  the  younger 
women  to  whom  these  glories  are  only  a  tradition  will  keep  alive 
the  memory  of  the  men  who  died  for  the  "Southern  Cause,"  but 
who  died  not  in  vain,  for  they  died  for  a  great  principle  and 
their  blood  sends  a  message  down  through  all  time.  "The  re 
ward  is  in  heaven — and  their  works  do  follow  them."  Our  Con 
federate  Cemetery  is  the  exclusive  property  of  the  Ladies'  Mem 
orial  Association  and  within  the  enclosure  the  President  of  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  has  absolute  authority  in  all  mat 
ters.  We  have  no  appropriation  and  never  appeal  to  the  pub 
lic  for  aid,  but  depend  entirely  on  the  annual  dues  of  the  few 
faithful  and  devoted  members  for  support.  Death  has  sadly 
thinned  our  ranks,  until  now  only  about  seventy-five  of  the 
noble  band  of  women  who  organized  this  association  remain 
and  from  this  number  about  sixty-three  dollars  are  annually  col 
lected.  Out  of  this  amount  the  Cemetery  is  kept  in  order  and 
the  necessary  expenses  of  Memorial  Day  are  borne.  . 

To  keep  in  good  condition  a  lot  of  two  and  one-half  acres 
containing  about  one  thousand  graves  necessarily  requires  some 
expenditure  of  money.  The  hedges  and  shrubbery  are  to  be 

—  234  — 


kept  trimmed  and  in  order,  underbrush  cleared  away,  young  trees 
to  supply  the  fast  decaying  forest,  are  every  year  set  out,  and 
such  flowers  as  are  suitable  for  the  place  are  kept  growing. 
From  May  until  October  the  grass  is  cut  once  a  month.  A 
mound  of  beautiful  growing  flowers  has  been  made  of  a  once 
unsightly  spot.  The  walks  that  had  been  badly  mashed  have 
been  graded,  crushed  gravel  having  been  used  for  the  purpose 
and  about  eight  thousand  bricks  used  in  draining  them.  The 
pavillion  has  been  repaired  and  repainted.  In  fact  a  great  deal 
of  much  needed  work  is  done  every  year  at  the  cemetery,  and 
much  remains  to  be  done  before  we  can  make  the  last  resting 
place  of  our  fallen  heroes  the  beautiful  spot  we  would  have  it. 

The  history  of  the  "Wohe  County  Memorial  Association"  is 
perhaps  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  Xorth  Carolina  as  under 
its  auspices  much  outside  work  has  been  accomplished.  It  was 
through  its  efforts  the  Soldiers'  Home  was  built  and  through 
its  efforts  the  magnificent  monument  that  stands  at  the  Western 
gate  of  the  Capitol  was  erected,  the  "Monument  Association, 
having  been  formed  of  members  of  the  Memorial  Association. 
When  the  remains  of  our  beloved  President  Davis  were  carried 
through  the  State  for  re-interment  in  Eichmond,  the  Memorial 
Association,  acting  with  a  Committee  of  Confederate  Veterans, 
had  the  honor  of  receiving  and  caring  for  them  as  they  lay  in 
State  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol,  at  which  time,  leaving 
at  a  late  hour,  the  Governor  of  the  State,  was  not  authorized 
to  invite  State  troops  to  be  present.  The  President  of  the  Asso 
ciation  sent  out  invitations  to  each  military  organization  to  at 
tend.  Several  companies  accepted  the  invitation  and  were  hand 
somely  entertained  at  the  Yorbrough  House  by  the  Association. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  "Daughters  of  the  Confederacy" 
in  this  city,  the  Memorial  Association  has  always  united  with 
the  Daughters  in  all  patriotic  work  and  under  their  united 
effort  a  great  deal  has  been  accomplished,  both  for  the  Soldiers' 
Home  and  the  Confederate  Veterans.  The  very  successful  Baz 
aar  held  in  our  city  a  few  years  ago  for  the  Veterans  was  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Asociation  and  the  Daugh 
ters  of  the  Confederacy.  The  President  endeavors  conscien 
tiously  to  keep  up  the  good  work  commenced  by  her  predecessors 
and  for  this  purpose,  with  the  exception  of  the  necessary  expense 
of  Memorial  Day,  all  of  the  annual  dues  of  the  patriotic,  faith 
ful  members  of  the  Association  are  expended.  Very  few  of  the 


—  235  — 


charter  members  of  this  Association  are  left,  most  of  them  have 
crossed  over  the  river  to  their  reward  and  after  a  few  more  part 
ings,,  and  after  a  few  more  tears,  those  who  survive  will  likewise 
pass  over  to  meet  them  and  other  loved  ones  who  are  waiting  and 
watching  at  the  "beautiful  gate."  The  present  officers  of  the 
Ladies'  Memorial  Association  are:  Mrs.  Garland  Jones,  Presi 
dent;  Miss  Annie  L.  Devereaux,  Secretary;  Mrs  John  S.  Pullen, 
Treasurer.  Vice-Presidents :  Mrs.  A.  M.  McPheeters,  Mrs. 
Armistead  Jones,  Mrs.  Walter  Clarke,  Mrs.  C.  B.  Denson,  Mrs, 
W.  H.  Hughes,  Mrs.  John  Hinsdale,  Mrs.  Charles  Eoot,  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Moffit,  Mrs.  Margaret  Shipp,  Mrs.  Walter  Montgomery, 
Miss  Kate  McRemmon. 

Advisory  Board:  Dr.  P.  E.  Hines,  Col.  Thos.  S.  Kenon,  Mr. 
W.  S.  Primrose,  Hon.  Richard  H.  Battle,  Capt.  Saml.  A.  Ashe, 
Mr.  W.  H.  Hughes,  Mr.  R.  S.  Gray,  Mr.  A.  B.  Stronch,  Mr. 
Marshall  De  Lacy  Hayand.  With  the  co-operation  of  the 
patriotic  citizens  of  this  city  the  ladies  of  the  Memorial 
Association  will  continue  as  they  have  done  to  discharge  their 
duties  with  the  fidelity  that  has  ever  characterized  their  man 
agement. 

In  this  volume  will  be  found  the  picture  of  Mrs.  Joseph  B. 
Batchelor,  a  woman  deserving  of  special  mention  for  her  fine 
qualities  of  head  and  heart.  Mrs.  Batchelor  died  in  1900,  she 
was  greatly  beloved,  her  friends  were  numerous  in  all  sections 
of  the  country. 

Miss  Sophia  Partridge,  the  founder  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association,  passed  away  about  twenty-five  years  ago,  but  her 
spirit  is  still  with  us,  and  the  beautiful  work  inaugurated  by 
her  is  still  carried  on  with  loving  care. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
WASHINGTON",  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

When  the  dark  clouds  of  war  spread  over  this  beautiful 
Southland  of  ours  in  1861,  the  women  of  the  South  enlisted  in 
a  cause  from  which  there  is  no  discharge.  Young  and  old,  gray 
haired  matron,  as  well  as  blushing  womanhood,  were  enrolled 
in  a  cause  that  is  written  upon  the  heart  of  every  truly  loyal 
Southern  woman.  'Tis  true  we  marched  not  forth  in  martial 
line,  but  we  taught  to  the  world  the  beautiful  lesson  of  patient 

—  236  — 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1888. 
Washington,  North  Carolina. 


endurance  and  unyielding  faith,  and  by  our  hope  and  sympathy 
inspired  a  great  principle  within  the  bosom  of  every  Confeder 
ate  Soldier,,  which  can  never  die. 

'Tis  said  that  Stephen  D.  Lee  was  asked  after  his  surrender 
at  Vicksburg,  why  did  not  the  Southern  people  give  up,,  he  re 
plied,  "The  women  of  the  South  would  never  agree  to  it."  Gen. 
Lee  said,  "  If  it  had  not  been  for  the  devotion  of  the  Southern 
women  the  war  would  not  have  lasted  over  two  years." 

"  The  brightest  star  upon  our  shield, 

Undimmed  without  a  stain, 
Is  that,  we  refused  to  yield — 
Refused  alas — in  vain." 

Ours  was  a  fight  of  watching,  cheering,  weeping  and  pray 
ing,  and  when  all  was  lost,  we  sat  alone  in  our  defeat  and  with 
""  a  sorrow  which  never  flitting  "  still  is  written  on  the  tablets  of 
the  heart.  Our  greatest  victory  began  at  Appomattox  a  "scene 
upon  which  no  Confederate  Soldier  ever  enters  without  uncov 
ered  head  and  no  truly  Southern  woman  except  on  bended 
knee."  When  husband  and  father  lay  down  shield  and  buckler 
near  the  apple  tree  and  with  parole  placed  next  to  the  heart,  un 
der  the  threadbare  and  faded  old  gray  jacket,  as  they  returned 
to  our  desolate  home,  then  and  there  we  gained  our  greatest  vic 
tory — that  of  heroic  patience.  We  sing  no  loud  oratorios  of  vic 
tory,  we  celebrate  no  national  jubilees,  we  sing  of  our  great 
suffering  in  a  low  minor  strain.  We  wreathe  no  graves  with 
victor's  laurels,  but  mournfully  mingle  the  laurels  with  cypress 
and  deck  their  last  resting  place.  When  the  end  came,  did  we 
•sit  with  folded  hands?  Nay,  with  uncomplaining  fortitude,  we 
"accepted  the  situation"  and  though  our  once  beautiful  town 
that  had  nestled  so  peacefully  upon  the  historic  banks  of  the 
Pamlico,  lay  now  a  blackened  ruin,  the  tall  chimneys  like  lone 
.sentinels  stood  guard  over  once  happy  homes.  We  cheerfully 
went,  some  of  us,  from  cushioned  parlors  to  hard  washboards; 
from  pleasant  homes  to  distant  cities,  to  live  among  strangers, 
thereby  supporting  aged  mothers  and  sometimes,  crippled  fath 
ers.  The  silken  gown  was  exchanged  for  the  homespun  dress, 
and  fair  hands  became  the  bent  and  wrinkled  hands  of  toil.  So  we 
then  began  our  struggles  and  have  thus  fought  a  valiant  bat 
tle,  until  within  almost  every  Southern  home  dwells  a  heroine. 
While  thus  engaged  had  we  forgotten  our  dead?  Oh,  no,  with 
the  cry  of  need  daily  in  our  ears,  many  without  homes,  no 

—  237  — 


churches  in  which  to  worship  our  God,  we  could  not  reach  be 
yond  ;  but  were  utterly  powerless  financially. 

The  women  of  Beaufort  County,  North  Carolina,,  are  multi 
millionaires  in  self-sacrifice  and  devotion  to  that  which  they 
conceive  to  be  right.    True  to  their  nature,  they  cling  to  their 
loved  and  lost,  with  a  devotion  that  is  undying ;  out  of  such  love 
sprang  the  Memorial  Association  of  Beaufort  County,  which 
was  organized  at  Washington,  N.  C.,  in  September,  1893,  with 
the  following  officers:     Mrs.   Bryan   Grimes,   President;   Mrs. 
J.  G.  Bragaw,  Vice-President;  Miss  Maggie  Sparrow,  Secretary; 
and  Miss  E.  M.  B.  Hoyt,  Treasurer.     Since  the  President  was 
a  non-resident  of  the  town,  the  arduous  work  of  the  Association 
fell  upon  the  Vice-President  and  most  faithfully  did  she  per 
form  her  duty.    To  her  untiring  zeal  is  due  much  of  the  success. 
She  continued  in  office  until  God's  finger  touched  her  and  she 
slept.     Our  dead  were  in  every  cemetery  of  the  town,  so  on 
every  Memorial  Da}r,  a  march  was  made  to  every  grave ;  and  right 
here  I  must  call  a  few  names  of  that  faithful  company:     Mrs, 
J.  G.  Bragaw,  Mrs.  Frank  Havens,  Mrs.  Sarah  Eedding,  Mrs. 
Nat.   Harding,   Mrs.    Charles   Gallagher,   Mrs.   Blchard   Lewis, 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Payne,  Mrs.  Sallie  Gallagher,  Mrs.  Charles  Thomas, 
Mrs.  Oliver  Jarvis,  Mrs.  Christine  Jarvis,  Mrs.  Mary  MacDon- 
ald,  Misses  Sallie  Midgett,  Sallie  Cowell,  Mattie  Fowle,  Bettie 
Hoyt,  Eleanor  and  Mary  Moules,  Mrs.  Waldron,  Mrs.  Joseph 
Saunders,  Mrs.  T.  J.  Harding,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Morton,  Mrs.  Mar 
garet  Arthur  Call,  and  others.     Through  rain  and  heat,  many 
old  and  feeble,  they  marched  just  in  the  rear  of  the  military; 
they  never  faltered  and  no  grave  was  neglected.     Some  years 
ago,  as  we  passed  down  the  street  in  one  of  the  marches,  on 
Memorial  Day  an  ex-Confederate  remarked  to  another,  "  I  saw 
endurance  and  fortitude  during  the  war  but  that  is  about  as 
good  marching  as  I  have  ever  seen."     As  prosperity  began  to 
smile  upon  us  we  desired  something  more  lasting  than  flowers. 
We  wanted  to  erect  a  monument  to  those  who  live  in  fame,  but 
not  in  life.    We  began  to  solicit  contributions  and  many  of  the 
merchants  and  citizens  responded  liberally.     We  gave  dinners 
and  other  entertainments;  with  the  aid  of  the  young  ladies  and 
gentlemen  we  held  a  concert  and  realized  over  two  hundred  dol 
lars,  the  largest  amount  raised  at  one  time  here  since  the  war, 
up  to  that  time,  thus  showing  that  if  you  want  to  touch  the 
hearti  of  Beaufort  County,  speak  of  her  heroes.    The  Memorial 

—  238  — 


Associations  throughout  the  whole  South  have  done  a  noble  and 
grand  work. 

We  love  the  old  South,  we  love  her  for  the  victories  she  has 
won  and  the  history  she  has  made,  which  is  not  only  the  admira 
tion  of  her  own  country,  but  also  beyond  the  seas.  We  stood  by 
her  in  her  suffering,  and  with  her  have  worked  up  from  defeat 
to  prosperity.  Dixie  land  now  blossoms  like  a  rose,  she  has 
trampled  disaster  under  her  feet.  The  busy  hum  of  the  Confeder 
ate  Soldier's  hammer  has  made  music  as  she  rose  from  her  ashes. 
Our  more  fortunate  brothers  have  erected  costly  monuments  of 
stone  and  enduring  brass  to  immortalize  the  ashes  of  their  dead, 
while  we,  in  most  cases,  have  only  been  able  to  erect  ours  in 
tender  hearts  and  sacred  memory.  A  granite  shaft  surmounted 
by  the  statue  of  a  private  soldier  stands  upon  a  beautiful  plat 
in  the  center  of  Oakdale  Cemetery.  In  this  plat  we  inter  the 
sacred  dust  of  Veterans,  if  so  requested.  The  monument  cost 
$2,250.00.  When  the  corner  stone  was  laid,  May  10,  1888,  Gov 
ernor  Daniel  Fowle,  a  native  of  our  city,  was  the  orator;  Gen 
eral  Lewis  was  the  Chief  Marshal;  F.  H.  Busbee,  Grandmaster 
of  Masons,  officiated .  Here  the  dogwood  pitches  her  white  tent 
in  the  Springtime  and  daises  whiten  hill  and  dale  with  fragrant 
snow.  Blue  birds  and  robins  trill  their  love  songs  in  woodland 
bower.  Gentle  winds  from  Pamlico's  gentle  bosom  sing  soft  re 
quiem. 

White-winged  angels  sing  a  lullaby 

O'er  the  sacred  dust  where  heroes  lie, 
With  folded  wings  and  bending  low 
They  sweetly  sing  where  flowers  grow 
Above  our  sleeping  dead. 

After  the  completion  of  the  monument,  the  Confederate  dead 
in  surrounding  cemeteries  were  interred  at  the  monument.  The 
remains  of  seventeen  of  Georgia's  soldiers,  who  were  killed  in  de 
fence  of  the  city,  September  1863,  were  tenderly  placed  under 
its  welcome  shadow  through  the  tender  ministrations  of  Mrs. 
W.  H.  Call. 

Charter  Members:  Mrs.  J.  G.  Bragaw,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Brady, 
Mrs.  H.  0.  Handy,  Mrs.  A.  B.  Foreman,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Hoyt,  Mrs. 
Charles  Gallagher,  Misses  Annie  Gallagher,  E.  M.  B.  Hoyt, 
Sallie  Midgett,  Annie  Demille,  E.  S.  Sparrow,  Caddie  Sparrow, 
Mamie  Cowell,  M.  J.  Sparrow,  Sallie  Cowell. 

Ere  I  close,  let  me  lay  a  spray  of  Mignonette  for  love's  sake, 
upon  the  grave  of  one  who  may  truthfully  be  called  the  father 

—  239  — 


of  the  Memorial  Association  in  our  city,  the  late  Maj.  Thos.  J. 
Sparrow.  Like  the  fragrance  of  the  Mignonette  his  devotion 
to  this  sacred  cause  still  lingers  with  us.  His  tender  loving 
heart  always  beat  responsively  to  the  call  of  the  care-worn  and 
needy,  as  he  looked  into  the  seamed  and  wrinkled  faces  of  his 
old  comrades ;  he  wanted  to  help  them,  and  to  the  women  of  our 
patriotic  old  city  he  came  with  his  burden.  Love  took  it  gladly, 
he  knew  where  to  go  and  to  whom  to  come.  To  his  memory  and 
the  company  he  commanded  we  have  named  our  Chapter  of  the 
Children  of  the  Confederacy,  The  Washington  Gray  Chapter — 
the  first  chapter  organized  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina  and 
the  third  in  the  South. 

The  dear  old  flag  is  furled, 
The  eleven  stars  are  shining  still, 
Upon  the  field  of  azure  blue, 
The  crimson  bars  we  loved  so  well, 
The  rainbow  claims  their  scarlet  hue ; 
The  dove  of  peace  has  perched  once  more 
Upon  our  shields,  and  days  of  yore 
Live  over  in  our  hearts  again. 

MARGARET  ARTHUR  CALL, 
Secretary. 


—  240  — 


MRS.  AMARINTHA  SNOWDEN, 
Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


LADIES'  MEMOKIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
CHARLESTON,  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

On  May  14th,  1866,  a  meeting  of  the  Ladies  of  Charleston 
was  held  in  the  parlor  of  the  Mills  House,  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  an  Association  to  perpetuate  the  martyrdom  of  the 
Confederate  dead.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Backman  was  requested  to  act 
as  Chairman  of  the  meeting  and  commenced  the  ceremonies 
with  an  earnest  prayer  and  the  reading  of  the  31st  Psalm,  fol 
lowed  by  a  very  chaste  and  appropriate  address,  reviewing  the 
object  for  which  the  Association  was  about  to  be  organized.  Af 
ter  organization,  officers  were  elected,  President,  Vice-President, 
Secretary,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Treasurer,  and  a  Board 
of  Directresses.  Mrs.  Mary  Amarintha  Snowden,  who  had  been 
at  the  head  of  the  Soldiers'  Relief  Association  of  Charleston 
during  the  war,  was  chosen  as  President,  which  position  she 
held  until  her  death  in  February,  1898.  It  was  resolved,  "That 
the  Ladies  of  this  Association  visit  the  graves  of  the  Confed 
erate  dead  on  the  16th  of  June,  the  anniversary  of  the  Battle  of 
Secessionville  on  James  Island,  near  Charleston."  At  the  second 
meeting  it  was  resolved,  "That  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Associa 
tion  of  Charleston,  inspired  by  a  sacred  love  for  their  honored 
dead,  most  respectfully  invite  the  ladies  of  every  town  and  vil 
lage  throughout  the  State  to  unite  with  them  on  the  16th  of 
June  in  assembling  at  the  graves  of  Confederate  dead,  wherever 
one  should  sleep,  from  the  mountains  to  the  seaboard,  for  the 
purpose  of  strewing  with  garlands,  accompanied  with  suitable 
exercises,  the  cherished  resting  places  of  the  brave  and  noble 
martyrs  of  the  State.  Every  paper  in  the  State  was  requested 
to  publish  the  above  resolutions,  and  to  call  special  attention  to 
them.  The  day  was  generally  observed  throughout  the  State. 
Business  was  suspended  in  the  city  and  several  thousands  of 
the  citizens  attended  the  ceremonies  at  Magnolia  Cemetery. 

—  241  — 


After  an  oration,  and  during  the  singing  of  an  ode  composed  for 
the  occassion,  the  graves  were  solemnly  decorated.  In  1867  it 
was  impossible  to  follow  the  program  of  the  previous  year,  it  be 
ing  inadvisable  in  the  position  of  our  public  affairs ;  it  was  there 
fore  resolved,  "That  all  addresses,  odes,  and  so  forth  be  omitted, 
the  graves  of  our  noble  dead  to  be  quietly  and  unobtrusively 
decorated,  so  as  to  prevent  all  excuse  for  interference  or  collision 
with  what  would  prove  annoying." 

June  being  so  late  in  the  season  it  was  determined  to  change 
the  day  for  Memorial  services  to  the  10th  of  May,  the  anniver 
sary  of  the  death  of  "Stonewall  Jackson."  The  Board  of  Trustees 
of  Magnolia  Cemetery  had  given,  during  the  war,  a  plat  of 
ground  where  soldiers  who  were  killed  or  had  died  in  or  near 
Charleston  were  interred.  It  was  the  desire  of  our  Association 
to  place  a  suitable  monument  in  the  center  of  this  holy  spot. 
In  1869  designs  were  called  for  and  the  corner  stone  of  the 
monument  was  laid  on  "Memorial  Day,"  in  1870.  The  Legisla 
ture  of  South  Carolina  came  liberally  to  the  aid  of  the  Associa 
tion  and  gave  $1000.00 — and  a  large  quantity  of  granite  and 
marble,  left  from  the  building  of  the  State  House  in  Columbia. 
By  the  time  the  Association  was  ready  to  receive  it  the  govern 
ment  of  the  State  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  those  who  had 
no  sympathy  with  the  objects  of  the  Association.  To  overcome 
this  obstacle  required  the  unwearied  perseverance  of  the  Presi 
dent  of  this  Association,  and  she  finally  extorted  from  Governor 
Scott  an  order  for  the  delivery  of  a  part  of  the  material  which 
the  Legislature  had  granted.  It  is  from  the  material  thus  ob 
tained  that  more  than  800  headstones  and  the  granite  base 
which  forms  the  pedestal  of  that  monument  which  now  stands 
in  the  center  of  the  Soldier's  Plat  have  been  erected.  The  Con 
federate  Dead  who  fell  at  Gettysburg  early  attracted  the  atten 
tion  of  this  Association.  Those  who  fell  and  who  lay  in  the 
battlefields  of  Virginia  and  Maryland  we  felt  reposed  among 
friends  and  sympathizers,  but  it  was  not  so  with  those  who  fell 
in  Pennsylvania.  There  the  graves  were  regarded  as  those  of 
rebels  and  traitors,  and  it  was  earnestly  desired  to  bring  home 
the  soldiers  of  South  Carolina  who  lay  on  the  field  of  Gettys 
burg.  Here  was  a  new  case  calling  for  the  active  energy  of  the 
President.  She  visited  Gettysburg,  where  she  found  a  gentleman, 
Mr.  Weaver,  who  had  looked  with  a  friendly  eye  upon  the 
Southern  soldiers  and  who  had  taken  such  notes  that  the  graves- 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT? 

Unveiled  1882, 
Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


could  be  identified.  Some  of  the  soldiers  were  interred  on  the 
field  of  battle  and  the  owners  of  the  ground  refused  to  give  up 
the  bodies  unless  they  were  paid  for.  The  perseverence  of  the 
President,  and  it  should  be  added,  of  the  farmer's  wife,  finally 
obtained  his  consent  to  their  removal.  A  large  number  were 
lying  in  a  field  since  set  apart  as  a  Union  Cemetery,  and  it  was 
necessary  to  obtain  permission  for  their  removal.  This  was 
obtained  after  some  delay.  Before  the  work  of  disinterment 
could  be  effected  Mr.  Weaver  died,  but  his  son,  Dr.  E.  B.  Weaver, 
superintended  the  removal  and  interment  of  more  than  eighty 
South  Carolinians.  The  remains  arrived  in  Charleston,  and  on 
the  10th  of  May,  1871,  were  buried  in  Magnolia  Cemetery. 

Headstones  were  also  placed  over  the  remains  of  thirty  Con 
federate  Marines  buried  in  the  Seamen's  burying  ground  on  the 
Ashley  Eiver.  The  monument,  the  corner  stone  of  which  had 
been  laid  in  1870,  was  not  ready  for  unveiling  until  the  Fall  of 
1882,  when  it  was  unveiled  with  suitable  ceremonies.  This 
association  paid  $1,000  to  the  Trustees  of  Magnolia  Cemetery, 
they  agreeing  to  secure  in  perpetuity  the  proper  care  and  atten 
tion  to  those  honored  graves.  It  has  always  responded  to  all 
calls  for  aid  in  the  raising  of  monuments  to  the  dead  of  South 
Carolina,  and  assisted  in  rescuing  from  oblivion  the  neglected 
graves  of  our  Confederate  soldiers  who  died  in  prison  at  John 
son's  Island.  A  contribution  was  sent  in  1892  to  the  Jefferson 
Davis  Monument  fund,  and  one  to  the  Confederate  Museum  at 
Eichmond,  Virginia. 

At  first  the  wreaths  were  made  at  a  Public  Hall  by  the  citizens 
generally,  but  for  some  years  they  have  been  made  at  the 
Confederate  Home,  by  the  young  ladies  of  the  Confederate  Home 
College,  assisted  by  pupils  from  the  Public  Schools,  and  by  some 
of  the  "  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy."  Evergreens 
and  moss  are  furnished  free  by  friends,  and  wagons  are  lent 
for  conveyance  of  wreaths  and  crosses  to  the  cemetery.  No  fees 
are  collected,  but  boxes  are  held  at  the  gate  of  the  Cemetery,  by 
two  maimed  veterans,  for  contributions.  The  Veterans  attend 
in  a  body,  escorted  by  most  of  the  volunteer  military  companies 
of  the  City,  the  Cadets  of  the  South  Carolina  Military  Institute, 
and  of  the  Porter  Military  Academy,  headed  by  a  brass  band. 
After  the  delivery  of  a  prayer,  the  reading  of  an  ode,  an  oration, 
and  the  firing  of  a  salute,  just  before  the  setting  of  the  sun 
"  in  a  spot  overlooking  the  waters  which  were  never  parted  by  a 

—  243  — 


hostile  keel  so  long  as  an  artillery-man  remained  with  his  port 
fire  behind  the  guns  which  guarded  them;  and  in  sight  of  Fort 
Sumter,  the  once  battered  and  ragged  fortress,  which,  though 
often  assaulted  was  never  carried  by  storm,"  the  graves  are 
decorated  to  the  strains  of  martial  music.  The  solemn  and 
beautiful  exercises  being  ended,  the  large  concourse  departs, 
leaving  the  honored  dead  crowned  with  the  tokens  of  an  undying 
remembrance.  Our  Association  consists  now  of  the  officers  and 
directresses,  many  of  whom  we  can  not  expect  to  have  with  us 
very  much  longer,  but  as  our  ranks  are  thinned  we  bring  in  some 
"  daughter  or  grandaughter,"  thereby  hoping  to  preserve  our 
identity  as  an  Association,  and  to  keep  up  the  honored  custom 
and  sacred  duty  of  repairing  once  a  year  to  lay  garlands  on  the 
graves  of  the  martyrs  of  the  Southern  Cause. 

ALICE  A.  GAILLARD  PALMER, 

President. 


LADIES'    CONFEDERATE   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
FORT  MILL,  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

While  heaven  and  earth  were  yet  the  requiem  ringing,  and 
wires  throughout  the  world  flashing  the  mournful  message: — 
"The  great  executive  of  the  Southern  Confederacy  has  been 
released  from  martyrdom  and  his  broken  spirit,  now  healed  in 
glory,  basks  in  the  Eternal  rest  of  God,"  citizens  assembled  to 
revere  and  honor  his  great  memory,  the  Veterans  forming  an 
Association  in  his  name — likewise,  at  the  same  time,  a  few 
patriotic,  sympathetic  women  banded  together  to  aid,  with  heart 
and  hand,  in  all  the  interests  and  endeavors  of  the  "Jefferson 
Davis  Memorial  Association."  It  was  the  impulse  of  the  hour, 
not  one  realizing  it  was  a  thread  on  history's  page  she  was  weav 
ing.  Our  first  records  were  lost,  unfortunately.  In  two  years  our 
membership  increased  to  thirty-two;  resolutions  were  adopted 
and  a  new  basis  of  government  formed.  An  Executive  Com 
mittee  of  five  were  added  to  the  controlling  board.  Our  by-laws 
constitute  the  usual  formula.  In  1901  we  were  incorporated  in 
the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association. 

Miss  Nan  Thornwell,  Miss  Bessie  White  and  Mrs.  W.  A. 
Watson  have  each  served  as  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  There  has 
been  but  one  President,  and  she  has  gently  and  efficiently  guided 
this  band  of  earnest  women.  Long  may  she  fill  the  chair  she  so 

—  244  — 


i.  Confederate  Monument.  2.  Woman's  Monument. 

CAPTAIN  SAMUEL  E.  WHITE. 

3.  Slave  Monument.  4.  Catawba  Indian  Monument. 

Fort  Mill.  South  Carolina. 


gracefully  and  lovingly  occupies.  By  death  and  removals  our 
list  is  shortened  and  to-day  our  roll  numbers  but  twenty-five. 
The  governing  board  is  composed  as  follows :  Mrs.  J.  B.  Mack, 
President;  Mrs.  S.  E.  White,  first  Vice-President;  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Spratt,  second  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  E.  F.  Grier,  third  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  J.  W.  Ardery,  fourth  Vice-President;  Mrs.  L. 
P.  Fulp,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

While  in  1897  quite  a  large  chapter  of  the  United  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  was  formed  here,  to  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association  belongs  the  sacred  privilege  of  leading  the  multitude 
in  the  annual  Memorial  Day  services  in  honor  of  our  heroic 
dead,  the  host  who  in  valor  sleep,  whose  wondrous  deeds  we  keep 
as  trophies  of  a  stirring  past  in  the  shrine  of  our  hearts  held  fast. 
To  the  day  when  all  shall  be  crowned,  a  victor  of  true  renown, 
for  each  "a  crown  shall  wear  because  of  the  cross  they  bear." 

In  1890  the  first  monument  to  the  soldiers  of  61-65  was 
erected  in  Confederate  Park  by  the  Jefferson  Davis  Memorial 
Association.  Five  years  later,  through  the  veneration  and  love 
of  our  esteemed  townsman  and  comrade,  Capt.  Samuel  E. 
White,  a  monument  to  the  women  of  the  Confederacy,  stood  side 
by  side  with  the  soldiers'  shaft,  on  whose  tablet  many  local 
names  of  "heroines  in  the  strife"  are  written  in  gilt  engraving 
for  all  time,  that  while  the  Confederacy  was  young  in  years,  no 
age  shall  dim  the  memory  of  our  holy  love.  Col.  Jno.  P.  Thomas, 
of  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  was  the  orator  of  the  occasion.  A 
copy  of  the  united  thanks  of  our  Association  was  read,  calling 
forth  modest  depreciation  of  his  worth  from  the  magnanimous 
donor.  It  is  added  to  the  fame  of  Capt.  Samuel  E  White  as  a 
builder,  that  he  is  the  first  to  crystallize  into  enduring  marble, 
the  Southerners'  debt  of  gratitude  to  those  faithful  slaves  who, 
in  keeping  the  trust  lain  upon  them  to  guard  the  homes,  the 
property  and  honor  of  their  masters  who  were  serving  the  South 
on  the  field — will  ever  deserve  forbearance  from  the  people  of 
the  South.  At  the  unveiling  of  this  monument  to  the  Faithful 
Slaves,  Mr.  Polk  Miller  of  Eichmond,  Va.,  made  a  unique  and 
inspiring  address  in  eulogy  of  the  slaves. 

Our  Park,  which  has  been  thus  dedicated,  has  passed  into 
memorial  ground  of  an  honored  antiquity,  for  in  1900  Capt. 
Saml.  E  White  and  Mr.  Jno.  M.  Spratt  erected  a  fourth  monu 
ment,  dedicated  to  the  "Catawba  Indians,"  which  is  a  handsome 
and  fitting  testimonial  to  their  friendly  relations  with  the  white 
race,  many  of  whom  served  as  "high  privates"  in  the  Confederate 

—  245  — 


ranks.  Capt.  Saml.  E.  White  deserves  to  appear  in  this  history 
in  recognition  of  his  beautiful  tribute,  to  the  "Women  of  the 
Confederacy,"  for  his  testimonial  to  the  Faithful  Slaves  and  his 
devotion  to  Southern  memories.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  a 
description  of  these  unique  monuments  does  not  accompany  the 
sketch. 

In  April,  1903,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  was  called 
on  to  mourn  the  death  of  their  first  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Saml. 
E.  White.  Her  death  was  sudden,  and  expressions  of  sympathy 
were  forwarded  to  her  bereaved  husband  and  family  by  old  and 
young,  rich  and  poor,  who  thus  paid  tribute  to  'the  loveliness  of 
her  character,  the  gentleness  of  her  disposition  and  purity  of  her 
life.  The  ladies  of  the  Memorial  Association  of  Fort  Mill,  in 
paying  tribute  to  her  memory,  say:  "She  was  our  first  Vice- 
President  and  the  most  ardent  and  influential  member  of  the 
Association.  Her  wise  counsel,  prudent  forethought  and  prompt 
liberality  made  her  our  moving  spirit  and  popular  leader.  Sad 
indeed  are  our  hearts,  when  we  feel  that  no  more  will  we  have 
her  dear  presence  with  us  and  no  more  hear  her  sweet  words  of 
wise,  loving  counsel.  By  inheritance  her  veins  were  filled  with 
patriotic  blood,  and  so  she  ably  seconded  her  husband's  efforts 
in  erecting  the  monuments  to  the  Soldiers,  the  Women,  the 
Faithful  Slaves  and  the  Catawba  Indians  that  adorn  Confed 
erate  Park,  and  very  much  of  the  beauty  and  grace  of  the 
marble,  as  well  as  of  the  eloquent  and  thrilling  inscriptions,  are 
the  products  of  her  taste  and  fluent  pen.  May  Eternity  set 
her  seal  on  all  that  is  held  highest  in  perpetuating  the  brave,  the 
noble,  the  faithful  and  the  good,  meeting  a  just  reward  of 
recompense  for  the  bonds  of  the  flesh,  and  in  Heaven  may  their 
praise  eternal  fill  the  everlasting  city  of  our  God." 

'Till  earth  and  sea  shall  be  no  more, 
Let  marble  and  brass  their  deeds  enshrine, 
The  laurel  and  cypress  their  memory  entwine. 
Our  heart  and  tongue  cease  not  to  tell, 
Of  those  who  live  and  those  who  fell. 

MRS.  L.  P.  FULP, 

Secretary. 


—  246  - 


TENNESSEE 


BETHEL  CEMETERY  AND  LADIES' 
MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
KNOXVILLE,  TENNESSEE. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  had  its  origin  in  the 
natural  and  affectionate  desire  of  the  Southern  women  of  Knox- 
ville,  that  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  soldiers  who  are  buried 
here  should  not  be  neglected.  The  Federal  Government  had 
collected  the  remains  of  the  Union  soldiers  from  all  parts  of 
Northern  East  Tennessee  into  the  beautiful  National  Cemetery 
in  North  Knoxville,  which  with  praiseworthy  munificence  it 
carefully  keeps  and  adorns. 

Sixteen  hundred  or  more  Confederate  soldiers,  representing 
every  Confederate  State,  including  Kentucky,  Maryland  and 
Missouri,  died  in  hospitals  or  fell  in  battle  in  the  vicinity  of 
Knoxville.  Many  of  them  were  buried  in  the  County  Cemetery. 
The  graves  of  others  were  mere  trenches,  shallow  and  hastily 
made  in  the  environs  of  the  city.  Fortunately  a  death  and 
burial  record  was  preserved,  and  when  after  the  war  the  ladies 
of  the  Memorial  Association  began  their  work  of  love,  they  were 
able  in  most  instances  to  identify  the  dead.  The  Association 
was  organized  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1868,  in  the  old  Union 
Bank  building,  on  Main  street. 

ORIGINAL  MEMBERS. 

Mrs.  I.  L.  French,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Rayl,  Mrs.  W.  M.  Beorden,  Mrs. 
H.  L.  McClung,  Mrs.  W.  M.  House,  Mrs.  E.  Fletcher,  Mrs.  J. 
M.  Boyd,  Mrs.  M.  Buck-well,  Mrs.  W.  Morrow,  Mrs.  M.  L.  Rogers, 
Mrs.  Haynes,  Mrs.  L.  C.  Shepard,  Mrs.  W.  P.  Elliott,  Mrs.  L. 
Gillespie,  Miss  R.  O'Conner,  Miss  E.  Ledgewick,  Miss  Anna 
Peed,  Misses  Fannie  Moses,  Lucy  Alexander,  Fannie  Alexander, 
Amanda  White,  Mary  Ault,  Missie  Ault,  Fannie  House,  Hattie 
Craig,  Miss  McClung,  E.  McClung,  Lizzie  Welcker,  Sophie  Park, 
Ella  Cocke,  Sophie  Kennedy. 

"—247  — 


THE  FIRST  OFFICERS. 

President,  Mrs.  H.  L.  McClung;  Vice-President,  Miss  Fannie 
Alexander;  Secretary,  Miss  Sophie  Park;  Treasurer,  Miss 
E.  O'Connor.  The  primary  purpose  of  its  founders  was  to  collect 
the  remains  of  the  Confederate  soldiers,  and  to  watch  over  and 
protect  the  graves.  In  pursuance  of  this  design,  very  soon  after 
the  organization  was  effected,  the  Association  made  application 
to  the  County  Court  of  Knox  County  to  be  allowed  the  custody 
of  that  portion  of  the  public  cemetery  in  which  so  many  Con 
federate  soldiers  were  buried.  The  request  was  readily  granted. 

THE  CHARTER. 

On  October  7,  1872,  a  charter  was  granted  to  the  Ladies'" 
Memorial  Association  by  the  Chancery  Court  of  Knox  County. 
The  charter  members  were:  Mrs.  Jos.  L.  Gaines,  Miss  Moody 
White,  Miss.  Sophie  Kennedy,  Mrs.  W.  P.  Elliott  and  Mrs.  L.  C, 
Shepard.  January  30,  1873,  a  deed  was  executed  by  Knox 
County  to  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  that  part  of  the 
County  Cemetery  containing  the  graves  of  Confederate  soldiers, 
and  since  that  time  it  has  been  known  as  "Bethel  Cemetery."1 
During  all  the  time  since  the  establishment  of  the  Association 
the  ladies  have,  with  unfailing  devotion,  diligently  prosecuted 
their  noble  purpose.  The  premises  have  been  enclosed,  a  house 
erected,  and  a  tenant  and  watchman  secured.  To  the  full  extent 
of  the  limited  means  at  the  command  of  the  Association,  the 
grounds  have  been  improved  and  adorned.  Every  year,  upon 
Memorial  Day,  the  graves  have  been  decorated  with  flowers, 
and  without  ostentation  or  parade  appropriate  exercises  have 
been  held  in  honor  of  the  dead  and  of  the  cause  for  which  they 
died.  About  the  year  1882  the  Association  had  increased  in 
strength  to  an  extent  which,  in  the  opinion  of  its  members, 
justified  them  in  undertaking  to  erect  a  monument.  They  had 
long  cherished  this  design  but  had  not,  until  this  time,  felt 
assured  of  their  ability  to  accomplish  it.  At  first  they  met 
with  but  little  encouragement.  Southern  men  had  not  much 
to  give.  They  were  rebuilding  their  homes  and  broken  fortunes. 
But  they  were  willing  and  the  ladies  were  patient  and  perse 
vering.  The  fund  grew  gradually  but  surely  and  at  last  it  was 
completed,  and  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  1891,  more  than  twenty- 
six  years  after  the  end  of  the  war,  they  laid  the  corner-stone  of 
a  monument  which  shall  be  a  visible  token  to  posterity  of  the 

—  248  — 


love  and  veneration  of  the  people  of  the  South  for  the  brave- 
men  who  gave  their  lives  to  a  sacred  cause. 

THE  LAYING  OF  THE  CORNER-STONE. 

The  following  account  of  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the 
monument  appeared  in  the  Knoxville  Daily  Tribune  of  May  22,, 
1891 :  "Yesterday  was  Confederate  Memorial  Day.  Yesterday 
afternoon,  amid  hundreds  of  tear-stained  eyes,  in  Bethel  Ceme 
tery,  the  corner-stone  of  the  monument  to  Tennessee  Confed 
erate  Dead  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  A  long  line 
of  battle  scarred  veterans,  whose  eyes  beamed  with  that  gallantry,, 
bravery  and  loyalty  that  characterized  their  career  in  the  war, 
surrounded  the  scene  to  cast  a  flower  in  loving  remembrance  on 
the  urn  of  the  sacred  tomb  of  their  dead  comrades.  With  tender 
touch,  dainty  hands  distributed  the  beautiful  and  fragrant 
flowers  along  the  lines  of  soldiers'  graves,  while  with  soft  step 
they  gently  trod  on  the  sacred  city  of  the  dead.  Many  and 
many  were  the  flowers  that  fell  to  the  earth  wet  with  tears  as  a 
mother,  sister,  daughter  and  wife's  heart  bled  as  she  mourned 
the  loss  of  the  dead  hero  who  slept  so  sweetly  beneath  her  feet. 
One  felt  like  removing  his  hat  and  bowing  his  head  in  reverence 
as  he  walked  over  the  flower-strewn  grounds.  J.  W.  L.  Frierson 
acted  as  master  of  ceremonies.  The  ceremonies  of  laying  the 
corner-stone  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Frank  A.  Moses. 

"The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  was  assisted  in  the  exer 
cises  and  ceremonies  by  the  'Fred  Ault  Bivouac  Zollicoffer  Camp/ 
The  ceremonies  were  opened  with  an  eloquent  and  sincere  prayer 
by  Rev.  Carter  Helm  Jones,  after  the  assembly  call  had  been 
sounded  on  a  bugle  by  Mr.  H.  S.  Jones.  The  male  chorus, 
composed  of  Messrs.  Charles  N"eal,  Fred  Ault,  Tom  Davis  and 
Arthur  E.  Davis,  assisted  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Williams,  rendered  most 
beautifully  the  popular  old  air,  'Oft  in  the  Stilly  Night/  This 
was  followed  by  the  most  touching  and  able  oration  of  Rev.  W.  C. 
Grace,  which  is  produced  below  in  full.  As  the  oration  was 
being  delivered  many  eyes  were  wet  with  tears. 

'(  Ladies j  Members  of  the  Confederate  Memorial  Association, 
and  Gentlemen,  Veterans  of  the  '  Lost  Cause! — I  desire  to  thank 
you  for  the  kind  invitation  given  me  to  participate  in  the  exer 
cises  of  this  day,  and  to  contribute  whatever  of  interest  I  may 
be  able  to  this  occasion.  To  you,  ladies,  especially  this  must  be 
an  hour  of  supreme  satisfaction.  The  toils  and  sacrifices  of 
weary  years  are  about  to  fructify  in  the  consummation  of  your 

—  249  — 


long  cherished  purpose  to  erect  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
those  who  perished  in  the  cause  they  believed  to  be  just.  For 
more  than  twenty  years  past,  I  am  told,  your  steadfast  purpose 
has  been  to  accomplish  this  result;  cold  indeed  would  be  the 
heart  that  could  not  rejoice  with  you  at  this  auspicious  moment 
when  your  hopes  are  about  to  be  realized.  We  are  not  here  this 
afternoon  to  say  one  word  or  to  do  a  single  deed  intended  to 
awaken  bitter  recollections,  nor  to  tear  open  a  fresh  wound 
which  the  balm  of  years  has  healed.  Years  have  elapsed  since  the 
booming  of  Fort  Sanders'  cannon,  and  the  heavy  tread  of  con 
tending  soldiery,  the  animosities  engendered  then  should  be 
buried  now.  We  come  here  to  do  an  act  of  simple  justice;  to 
lay  in  the  earth  this  stone,  upon  which  a  shaft  of  marble  shall 
stand  to  help  preserve  from  oblivion,  and  perhaps  calumny,  the 
memory  of  the  heroic  dead  who  lie  buried  around  it;  to  per 
petuate  the  memory  of  men  and  deeds  of  valor  of  which  any 
nation  may  well  be  proud. 

"I  am  persuaded  that  you  will  not  find  anywhere  to-day,  and 
especially  in  this  enlightened  Christian  community,  any  one  so 
base  as  to  with-hold  his  sympathy  from  you.  I  rejoice  to  believe 
that  the  sentiment  of  a  noble  and  patriotic  people,  of  whatever 
section  of  our  great  country  they  may  be,  will  approve  your  devo 
tion  and  your  act.  There  is  nothing  which  makes  me  feel  prouder 
of  being  an  American  citizen  than  the  fact  that  the  true  and 
noble  of  every  section  of  our  common  country  are  doing  what 
they  can  to  destroy  sectional  strife  and  to  recognize  the  sincerity 
and  honesty  of  their  late  enemies.  In  my  intercourse  with  the 
true  soldier  of  both  armies,  I  find  they  entertain  profound  respect 
for  one  another.  When  you  hear  any  man  traducing  the  char 
acter  and  uttering  bitter  maledictions  against  'the  cowardly 
knaves'  of  the  other  army,  you  may  set  it  down  as  a  fact  that  he 
is  one  who  never  looked  down  the  sights  of  a  shining  gun-barrel 
into  the  blazing  eyes  of  an  advancing  foe,  nor  saw  the  flash  of  a 
sabre  as  it  gleamed  in  the  hands  of  his  enemy  in  actual  combat. 
Such  vituperation  is  the  peculiar  province  of  the  micro 
scopic  politician  who  has  no  virtues  to  commend  him  to 
the  suffrage  of  his  constituency  and  can  thrive  only  on 
the  food  of  vultures.  The  true  Federal  soldier  feels  it 
would  be  a  disgrace  to  have  been  successfully  resisted  for 
four  long  years  and  frequently  defeated  by  a  half-fed, 
badly  uniformed  and  badly  equipped  army  of  subalterns 

—  250  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1892. 
Knoxville,  Tennessee. 


and  cowards,  and  the  Confederate  soldiers  would  feel  equally 
mortified  to  have  been  overcome  by  an  army,  however  numerous, 
that  possessed  none  of  the  elements  of  true  manhood.  The  truth 
is  both  armies  were  Americans,  and  the  deeds  of  daring,  the 
prowess  of  each  alike  are  the  heritage  of  our  country. 

"The  sword  of  Lee  should  be  as  much  the  pride  of  the  nation 
as  that  of  Grant.  The  historian  will  soon  recognize  the  prin 
ciples  for  which  both  armies  contended  and  will  ascribe  to  each 
the  sincere  motives  by  which  it  was  controlled.  Already,  as  the 
clouds  of  war  have  rolled  away  and  the  blindness  of  passion  has 
subsided,  leaving  the  perspective  clear,  the  world  begins  to  see 
more  definitely  the  position  occupied  by  the  two  opposing  forces, 
and  I  believe  the  day  will  come  when  it  will  be  admitted  that 
the  North  was  contending  for  the  Union  even  if  the  Constitution 
must  be  sacrificed,  and  the  South  was  contending  for  the  Con 
stitution  even  though  the  Union  should  perish,  each  division 
regarding  its  principle  the  most  vital.  It  is  not  difficult  to 
understand  how  the  two  political  schools  originated.  One  wha 
has  carefully  read  the  proceedings  of  the  Convention  held  in 
Philadelphia  in  1787,  where  the  Constitution  was  framed,  will 
readily  understand  the  difficulties  confronting  them.  They  first 
endeavored  to  so  amend  the  articles  of  confederation,  under 
which  the  colonies  had  been  united  during  the  revolutionary  war, 
so  as  to  make  the  strong  government  desired  by  many.  And  when 
it  was  agreed  to  cast  this  aside  and  frame  an  entirely  new  con 
stitution,  great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  formulating  such 
articles  as  would  be  acceptable  to  those  who  were  in  love  with 
the  liberal  privileges  granted  the  states  under  the  articles  of  the 
Confederation  and  also  to  meet  the  approval  of  those  who  were 
in  favor  of  a  more  compact  government.  In  every  State  of  the 
Union  there  was  a  strong  party  opposed  to  the  Constitution,  led 
by  men  whose  patriotism  was  unquestioned.  Patrick  Henry 
opposed  its  ratification  by  the  assembly  of  his  State  with  his 
gigantic  powers.  The  annulling  to  some  extent  of  State  Eights 
and  basing  the  sovereignty  too  absolutely  on  the  popular  will 
were  his  chief  objections  to  the  instrument,  'despotism  forms 
a  centralization  of  power  on  the  one  hand  and  anarchy  incident 
to  the  instability  of  democracy  on  the  other/  were  the  prominent 
features  presented.  There  were  politicians  in  those  days,  just  as 
there  are  now.  In  order  to  get  the  approval  of  the  legislature 
and  the  indorsement  of  the  people  of  the  nine  States, 

—  251  — 


which  was  necessary  to  make  the  Constitution  valid,  great 
stress  was  laid  on  those  parts  referring  to  the  privileges 
of  the  States  where  that  motion  was  approved  by  the 
people.  In  other  sections  great  emphasis  was  laid  on  those 
portions  referring  to  the  authority  of  the  general  govern 
ment  for  the  same  reason.  Thus  originated  two  political 
parties,,  and  in  the  very  beginning  of  the  government  the  doctrine 
of  States  Rights  was  taught,  which  was  supported  by  many  of 
the  ablest  men  the  nation  had  produced. 

"Therefore  the  Southern  soldier  believed  his  allegiance  was 
due,  first  to  his  State  and  then  to  the  general  government.    He 
believed  this  with  all  his  heart,  and  so  when  his  State  called  for 
his  service  he  responded,  believing  it  to  be  a  sacred  duty  to  do 
so.     Taking  this  view  of  his  position  no  one  can  justly  charge 
him  with  treason.    He  can  never  consent  to  be  called  a  traitor,  or 
that  his  children  should  be  taught  to  regard  him  as  such,  for  it 
would  be  untrue.     His  opinions  were  honestly  held  and  his  con 
victions  so  true  he  was  willing  to  seal  them  with  his  blood. 
Surrendering  to  the  decision  of  these  issues  as  determined  by 
the  result  of  the  war,  like  a  true  man  he  proposed  to  abide  by  it. 
'These  differences  he  regards  forever  settled,  and  I  am  persuaded 
that  the  soldier  from  Mississippi  or  Louisiana  to-day  would  give 
his  life  in  defence  of  his  country  as  freely  as  the  one  from 
Massachusetts  or  Maine.    Legends  and  facts  connected  with  the 
resolution,  where  our  forefathers  fought  for  liberty,  were  as 
iamiliar  at  the  hearthstones  of  South  Carolina  as  to  those  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  the  inborn  love  of  our  common  country  was 
developed  as  seduously  by  the  mothers  of  Virginia  as  of  Ver 
mont.     These  lessons  were  lasting,  and  people  reared  under 
their  influence  were  filled  with  patriotism  from  their  cradle. 
Such  were  Lee,  Johnston  and  Stonewall  Jackson,  and  such  were 
the  men  who  were  with  them  in  the  bivouac  and  on  the  battle 
fields.    The  luster  of  such  names  will  adorn  the  history  of  any 
nation,  and  their  honor  and  bravery  united  with  that  of  Grant, 
Sherman  and  Sheridan  with  the  men  who  followed  them  will  go 
down  to  posterity  as  the  common  heritage  of  a  united  people. 
Here,  in  the  presence  of  these  nameless  graves  this  afternoon 
some  of  the  tenderest  memories  of  our  lives  are  awakened — 
memories  that  are  dear  because  they  are  embalmed  in  suffering 
and  sacrifice.     There,  in  that  grave,  perhaps  is  the  dust  of  a 
i\oble  boy  who  went  out  from  the  bosom  of  a  happy  Georgia  home. 

—  252  — 


"His  fond  mother  blessed  him  and  looked  up  above, 
Commending  to  Heaven  the  child  of  her  love; 
What  anguish  was  hers  her  mortal  tongue  may  not  say, 
When  he  passed  from  her  sight  in  the  Jacket  of  Gray. 

"  But  her  country  called  him — she  would  not  repine, 
Tho'  costly  the  sacrifice  placed  on  its  shrine. 
Her  heart's  dearest  hopes  on  its  altar  she  lay, 
When  she  sent  out  her  boy  in  the  Jacket  of  Gray. 

'"Following  with  brave  hearts  and  unfaltering  steps  the  banner 
of  his  gallant  leader  he  rushes  on  the  bristling  bayonets  of  Fort 
Sanders  and  goes  down  to  death  in  the  face  of  a  gallant  foe. 
Through  the  almost  angel  ministry  of  womanly  hands,  by  unre- 
mitted  labor  and  unstinted  sacrifice  this  cemetery  has  been  pre 
pared;  and  by  the  agency  of  these  hands, 

"  He  was  laid  to  rest  in  his  cold,  narrow  bed ; 
They  may  grave  on  the  marble  they  placed  o'er  his  head, 
As  the  proudest  of  tributes  their  sad  hearts  can  pay, 
He  never  disgraced  the  Jacket  of  Gray." 

''Who  then  will  forbid  that  these  hands  which  have  toiled,  and 
these  hearts  which  have  prayed,  may  to-day  unitedly  scatter  these 
flowers  as  tokens  of  love  upon  the  bosom  of  this  lifeless  dust  and 
bid  it  sleep  ? 

"What  need  of  question  now,  if  he  were  wrong  or  right? 

He  knows  ere  this  whose  cause  was  just  in  God,  the  Father's  sight, 
He  wields  no  warlike  weapons  now,  returns  no  foeman's  thrust; 
Who  but  a  coward  would  revile  an  honored  soldier's  dust?" 

"It  would  be  a  contradiction  of  a  woman's  nature  untrue  to  the 
memory  of  those  she  so  nobly  encouraged  in  the  days  'that  tried 
men's  souls.'  Thousands  of  veterans  to-day  remember  times, 
goaded  almost  to  despair  by  galling  wounds,  by  bitter  cold  and 
by  tormenting  hunger,  they  were  nerved  to  heroic  endurance  of 
all  these  by  the  recollection  that  mother,  sister  or  sweetheart 
would  expect  to  hear  that  their  soldier  boy  faltered  not  even  in 
the  face  of  death.  I  myself  have  seen  the  snow  and  the  frozen 
ground  crimson  with  the  blood  of  men  with  naked  feet  marching 
boldly  in  the  line  of  duty.  It  is  right  that  you  should  preserve 
and  perpetuate  the  memory  of  such  heroism.  Patriotism  every 
where  will  commend  you  for  it.  In  conclusion  will  you  allow 
me  to  express  the  hope  that  soon  your  cherished  purpose  will 
materialize  in  the  beautiful  monument  contemplated.  This  will 
do  what  love  and  marble  can  to  preserve  unsullied  the  names 
.and  motives  of  the  heroes  who  died  for  the  cause  they  loved. 

—  253  — 


When  in  the  years  to  come  the  children  of  future  generations 
passing  this  way  shall  say  to  their  fathers:  'What  mean  you  by 
these  stones?'  let  them  be  told  the  truth  concerning  the  cause 
for  which  these  soldiers  died,  and  let  no  one  cast  foul  aspersions 
on  their  names.  May  this  monument  stand  like  a  veteran  senti 
nel,  who  keeps  vigil  day  and  night  over  these  graves,  quietly 
saying  to  those  who  are  buried  here : 

"  Rest  on,  embalmed  and  sainted  dead, 

Dear  as  the  blood  ye  gave; 
No  impious  footstep  here  shall  tread, 

The  herbage  of  your  grave; 
Nor  shall  your  glory  be  forgot, 

While  fame  her  record  keeps, 
Or  honor  points  the  hallowed  spot, 

Where  valour  proudly  sleeps. 
This  marble  minstrels'  voiceless  stone, 

In  deathless  song  shall  tell, 
When  many  a  vanished  age  hath  flown, 

The  story  how  ye  fell ; 
Nor  wreck,  nor  change  nor  winter's  blight, 

Nor  time's  remorseless  doom 
Shall  dim  one  ray  of  glorious  light 

That  gilds  your  deathless  tomb." 

THE  CORNER-STONE. 

Mr.  F.  A.  Moses  then  stepped  forward  and  conducted  the 
ceremonies  of  laying  the  corner-stone.  He  concluded  the  cere 
monies  by  saying:  "According  to  an  ancient  and  honorable 
custom,  we  deposit  in  this  box  the  following  articles.  May  the 
monument  to  be  raised  on  this  foundation  remain  unimpaired 
through  ages  to  come." 

Names  and  history  of  Ladies'  Memorial  Association. 
Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  "  Fred  Ault  Bivouac  and 

Zollicoffer  Camp." 

Two  Confederate  Flags.     Confederate  Money. 

Speech  of  Judge   Turney  on  the   Civil   War. 

Pamphlets  of  Knoxville  Confederate  newspapers. 

Knoxville  daily  papers.     Programme  of  the  ceremonies. 

Confederate  postage  Stamps.     Photograph  of  Generals. 

List  of  Confederate  soldiers  buried  in  Bethel  Cemetery,  six  hundred 

unknown  dead  killed  at  Fort  Sanders. 

Copy  of  pension  law  of  Tennessee. 
Minie  balls   and  bullets   from  battle-field  of   Chickamauga. 

Photographic  views  of  Knoxville. 
History  of  battle  of  Fort  Sanders. 

Roll  of  "  Fred  Ault  Bivouac,  Zollicoffer  Camp,"  and  all  soldiers  on 
Tennessee  Division.  Minutes  first  annual  Convention  United  Con 
federate  Veterans.  Cut  of  monument  to  be  built.  Knoxville  City 
Directory. 

Oration  of  Rev.  W.  C.  Grace,  D.  D.,  delivered  upon  this  occasion. 

—  254  — 


Mrs.  George  M.  White,  a  venerable  lady  of  eighty-one  years, 
deposited  the  articles  in  a  copper  box  as  the  list  was  read. 
After  the  box  was  closed  and  hermetically  sealed,  Mr.  Moses 
delivered  it  to  Mrs.  White,  and  spoke  as  follows:  "This  box, 
which  contains  the  relics  and  souvenirs  of  times  that  are  past 
and  hopes  that  are  dead,  will  now  be  deposited  beneath  this 
corner-stone.  This  duty  is  assigned  to  one  who  never  shirks  any 
duty  imposed  upon  her,  or  sacrifice  required  of  her — one  of  those 
noble,  true-hearted  Southern  mothers  who,  when  the  tocsin  of 
war  sounded,  with  tears  in  their  eyes,  love  and  patriotism  in 
their  hearts  and  prayers  on  their  lips  sent  sons  out  to  battle  for 
home  and  country.  May  God's  richest  blessings  rest  upon  her 
and  all  like  her."  After  the  box  was  deposited  in  the  receptacle, 
the  services  were  concluded.  The  ceremonies  of  laying  the 
corner-stone  were  then  concluded  with  a  beautiful  prayer  by 
Eev.  G.  W.  Brewer.  "Tenting  on  the  Old  Camp  Ground,"  by 
the  male  chorus  was  one  of  the  sweetest  and  most  appropriate 
features  of  the  ceremonies.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  present 
officers  and  members  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association : 

Officers — Miss  Missie  Ault,  President;  Mrs.  J.  E.  Mitchell, 
Vice-President;  Mrs.  0.  ]ST.  Payne,  Secretary;  Mrs.  B.  P. 
Elliott,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Miss  Moody  White,  Treasurer. 
Members — Miss  Missie  Ault,  Miss  L.  Jourolmon,  Mrs.  0.  N". 
Payne,  Mrs.  P.  W.  Lambright,  Mrs.  J.  W.  McTeer,  Mrs.  B.  P. 
Elliott,  Mrs.  F.  S.  Moses,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Wilcox,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Dabney, 
Mrs.  S.  M.  Churchwell,  Mrs.  Ned  Akers,  Mrs.  T.  L.  Moses,  Mrs. 
E.  S.  McClung,  Mrs.  A.  P.  White,  Mrs.  W.  Hawn,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Michie,  Mrs.  J.  A.  McKeldin,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Caldwell,  Mrs.  C.  0. 
AVard,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Newman,  Mrs.  T.  S.  Webb,  Mrs.  G.  P.  McTeer, 
Mrs.  W.  Caswell,  Mrs.  Mary  Plant,  Mrs.  S.  L.  Goodrich,  Mrs. 
Mary  Carter,  Mrs.  Mary  Lloyd,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Fulcher,  Mrs.  A. 
Allison,  Mrs.  Rep  Jones,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Crozier,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Glenn, 
Miss  Orr,  Mrs.  Breck,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Charlton,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Cleage> 
Mrs.  T.  S.  Devant,  Mrs.  H.  Hudgins,  Mrs.  Sharp,  Mrs.  Sam 
McKinney,  Mrs.  J.  Williams,  Mrs.  Tom  Caldwell,  Mrs.  A.  K. 
Seldon,  Mrs.  Agnew,  Mrs.  C.  Brownlow,  Miss  Ida  Hood,  Miss 
Catherine  Castul,  Miss  Moody  White,  Mrs.  R.  Page,  Mrs.  F. 
Sammons,  Mrs.  Sophie  Hunter,  Mrs.  Lucy  Finnegan,  Mrs, 
Flippen,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Campbell,  Mrs.  J.  McGuive,  Mrs.  Andrew 
R.  Humes,  Mrs.  Lizzie  Turner,  Mrs.  G.  R.  McCormick,  Mrs. 
Maxwell,  Mrs.  Camood,  Mrs.  James  Hall,  Mrs.  Haynes,  Mrs.  J. 

—  255  — 


L.  Boyd,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Boyd,  Mrs.  Iva  Boyd,  Miss  E.  Davis,  Mrs. 

W.  B.  Lockett,  Sr.,  Mrs.  Luckey,  Miss  Sallie  Jackson,  Mrs. 

Tapley  Portlock,  Mrs.  John  McGrath,  Mrs.  Henry  Heavener, 

Mrs.  Lizzie  Hicks,  Mrs.  Litten  Thomas,  Mrs.  W.  C.  McCoy,  Mrs. 

Maggie  Gillespie,  Miss  Mattie  Camden,  Mrs.  C.  Deaderick,  Mrs. 

Lewis  Hall,  Mrs.  E.  A.  Keller,  Mrs,  J.  A.  McMchols,  Mrs.  H.  L. 

Mizner,  Mrs.  Eliza  Postle,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Steel,  Mrs.  C.  0.  Word, 

Mrs.  Andrew  Navem,  Mrs.  N.  B.  Haynes,  Miss  Pattie  Boyd,  Mrs. 

Klutz,   Mrs.   Kern,   Mrs.   Geo.   Miller,   Mrs.   Joe   Porter,   Mrs. 

A.  P.  White,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Hill,  Mrs.  Sam  McLillian,  Mrs.  Geo. 

Henderson,   Miss  Mamie   Henderson,  Mrs.   Laura   Snift,  Miss 

Eose  Badget,  Mrs.  Laura  Lewis,  Mrs.  M.  Buckwell,  Mrs.  Charles 

(VLutz,  Mrs.  Daniel  Briscoe,  Mrs.  William  Hazen,  Mrs.  George 

W.  White,  Mrs.  Alice  D.  Eoberts,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  A.  Gibson,  Mrs. 

Susie  Howard  McCalla,  Miss  Margaret  Lewis  McCalla.     The 

officers  at  present:  Mrs.  Wm.  Caswell,  President;  Miss  Missie 

Ault,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Mary  Lloyd,  Secretary;  Mrs.  S.  P. 

Hunter,  Corresponding  Secretary ;  Miss  Moody  White,  Treasurer ; 

Mrs.  J.  T.  McTeer,  Chairman  of  Executive  Committee.     The 

names  of  many  ladies  who  have  assisted  in  the  noble  work  do 

not  appear  in  the  list.     Some  have  changed  their  residence  and 

some  have  passed  away.    Among  the  latter  we  especially  recollect 

Mrs.  L.  C.  Sheppard,  a  noble  woman,  to  whose  untiring  efforts 

much  of  the  success  of  the  Association  is  due. 

THE  MONUMENT. 

The  contract  for  the  erection  of  the  monument  was 
awarded  to  a  Knoxville  firm,  Messrs.  Geo.  W.  Callahan 
&  Bros.,  and  right  well  have  they  discharged  their  duty.  They 
have  not  only  erected  a  monument  which  is  an  honor  to  the  brave 
men  who  sleep  under  its  shadow  and  an  ornament  to  the  city 
of  the  dead  in  which  it  stands,  but  they  have  liberally  contributed 
to  the  cost  of  its  construction,  and  have  done  what  they  could  to 
make  it  what  it  is.  The  statue  was  designed  by  Mr.  Lloyd  Bran 
son  of  Knoxville,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  expression  of  quiet 
courage  and  disciplined  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Branson  has  been  ex 
ceedingly  fortunate  in  this  statue,  and  it  will  be  a  monument 
to  his  genius  as  well  as  to  the  brave  souls  whose  death  it  com 
memorates.  The  pedestal  and  shaft  on  which  the  heroic  statue 
stands  is  exactly  the  correct  height  to  show  the  figure  of  the 
Confederate  private  as  he  stands  at  "parade  rest"  to  advantage. 

—  256  — 


The  shaft  of  the  monument  is  twelve  feet  square  at  the  base  and 
forty-eight  feet  high.  On  the  north  side  is  the  inscription : 

Our 

Confederate 
Dead. 

On  the  South  of  it  is  a  longer  inscription,  which  reads  thus : 

This  Shaft 

Placed   here   with    reverent    hands,    May    19,    1892, 
By  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Knoxville,  Tennessee, 

Commemorates 
The  heroic  courage  and  the  unshaken  constancy 

of  more  than  1,600  soldiers  of  the  South, 
Who,  in  the  great  war  between  the  States,  1861  to  1865, 

Were  inspired 

By  the  holiness  of  a  patriotic  and  impersonal  love, 
And  in  the  mountain  passes  of  Tennessee,  whether  on  stricken 

field  or  in  hospital  ward, 
Gave  ungrudgingly  their  lives  to  their  country. 

"And  their  deeds,  proud  deeds  shall  remain  for  us, 
And  their  names,  dear  names  without  stain  for  us, 
And  the  glories  they  won  shall  not  wane  for  us, 

In  legend  and  lay, 

Our  heroes  in  gray 
Though  dead,  shall  live  over  again  for  us." 

On  the  East  side  is  this  poetry: 

"  Forgotten !     No  !     We  can  not  all  forget, 

Or  when  we  do,  farewell  to  honor's  face, 
To  hope's  sweet  tendence,  valor's  unpaid  debt, 

And  every  noblest  grace 

Which  nursed  in    love  might  still  benignly  bloom 
Above  a  nation's  tomb." 

The  entire  monument  is  constructed  of  Tennessee  gray  marble 
quarried  almost  withing  sight  of  the  place  where  it  now  stands. 
The  contract  price  was  $4,500,  a  very  low  estimate  indeed  for 
a  monument  which  will  compare  favorably  with  any  Confederate 
monument.  The  money  was  raised  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Association,  with  the  assistance  of  their  friends,  by  means  of 
suppers,  festivals,  etc.,  and  by  subscriptions  ranging  from  25 
cents  to  $250.00.  We  are  glad  to  note  that  among  the  liberal  sub 
scribers  were  several  gallant  ex-Federal  soldiers,  who  by  these 
and  many  similar  acts  have  shown  their  respect  for  their  former 
ioes  and  have  endeared  themselves  to  the  ladies  of  the  Memorial 
Association  and  all  friends  of  the  Confederate  Soldier.  As  the 
monument  neared  completion  it  was  decided  that  the  unveiling 
should  take  place  on  Thursday,  May  19,  1892,  Memorial  Day. 
A  joint  meeting  of  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  Felix  K 


Zollicoffer  Camp  and  Fred  Ault  Bivouac  was  held,  and  an  Execu 
tive  Committee  was  appointed,  which  was  charged  with  the  duty 
of  making  all  arrangements  for  the  ceremonies  of  unveiling  the 
monument.  The  committee  was  composed  of  J.  W.  S.  Frierson, 
Miss  Missie  Ault,  Mrs.  J.  T.  McTeer,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Caldwell, 
John  F.  Howe,  Chas.  Ducloux,  C.  H.  Thomas,  F.  A.  Moses,  E. 
W.  Crozier,  J.  L.  Khea,  M.  J.  Condon,  J.  W.  Green,  Eev.  Carter 
Helm  Jones  and  Hayne  Davis. 

Appropriate  sub-committees  were  appointed,  composed  of 
members  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  others,  who  aided 
materially  in  making  the  occasion  the  grand  success  it  was. 
Major  General  Wm.  B.  Bate,  United  States  Senator  from  Ten 
nessee,  was  invited  to  deliver  the  address,  and  General  E.  Kirby 
Smith  of  Sewanee,  Tennessee,  was  appointed  Chief  Marshal  of 
the  occasion.  A  staff,  composed  of  prominent  Confederate  sol 
diers,  was  selected  for  General  Smith.  The  day  set  for  the 
occasion  was  everything  to  be  desired  except  for  the  prevalence 
of  a  high  wind  whicfi  interferred  with  the  carrying  out  of  some 
features  of  the  programme.  The  following  account  of  the  exer 
cises  of  the  day  is  compiled  from  the  city  papers  of  the  next  day : 

From  the  Daily  Journal. 

Memorial  Day  dawned  bright  and  clear.  It  was  a  model  day 
in  every  particular.  The  morning  trains  brought  into  the  city 
floral  tributes  from  every  little  town,  both  up  and  down  the  road. 
Flowers  came  in  abundance,  most  beautiful  ones,  but  not  more 
beautiful  than  that  memory  in  which  the  fallen  heroes  were  held 
by  those  who  gathered  at  the  cemetery  to  do  them  homage.  The 
time  for  all  the  programme  events  had  been  moved  up  just  one 
hour.  Shortly  before  two  o'clock  the  procession  began  to  form 
on  Main  street,  and  but  a  few  minutes  later  Gen.  E.  Kirby 
Smith,  accompanied  by  his  staff,  came  in  sight  on  Gay  street. 
All  down  that  thoroughfare  to  the  court  house  General  Smith 
was  compelled  to  raise  his  hat  to  the  crowds  upon  the  sidewalks 
who  sought  to  do  him  honor.  What  a  picturesque  sight  too  he 
was  as  he  rode  his  bay  charger  down  the  streets.  How  different 
he  appeared  to  those  old  citizens  who  saw  him  when  he  was  here 
"on  business"  during  the  recent  "ball  game."  Then  he  was  a 
dashing,  brave  general,  in  the  very  prime  of  life.  Yesterday  he 
appeared  as  the  brave  and  dashing  citizen  once  General,  but 
time  has  not  dealt  lightly  with  him.  He  has  passed  through 
many  winters,  and  their  snows  have  fallen  upon  him  not  without 

—  258  — 


leaving  their  trace.  A  sparely  built,  square  shouldered,  thin 
faced  gentleman,  with  a  pair  of  keen  eyes  that  shine  like  dia 
monds  in  their  expression  of  his  words,  snow-white  hair  and 
flowing  beard,  that  is  General  E.  Kirby  Smith.  Past  the  pro 
cession  on  Main  street  he  rode  with  uncovered  head.  The  heads 
of  all  these  veterans  were  also  bared,  and  as  if  one  man  they 
cheered  him  to  the  echo.  At  2 :15  o'clock  the  procession  began 
to  move,  Chief  Atkins  and  Lieutenant  Eeeder,  with  a  detach 
ment  of  police,  led  the  way.  Then  followed  General  Smith  and 
staff.  Next  came  Knoxville's  pride,  the  city  band,  under  the 
leadership  of  Prof.  E.  W.  Crozier.  From  their  instruments  came 
the  notes  of  that  beautiful  old  musical  number,  "The  Officer's 
Funeral,"  which  was  especially  arranged  for  them  by  Prof. 
Knobe  of  this  city.  Following  the  band  of  music  were  two 
carriages  containing  the  gentlemen  to  take  part  in  the  exercises 
at  the  Cemetery,  Gen.  Bate,  Dr.  Jos.  Park,  Col.  Jas.  E.  Carter. 
Behind  them  came  on  foot  the  members  of  the  Fred  Ault  Bivouac, 
Zollicoffer  Camp,  J.  E.  B.  Stuart's  Camp  Sons  of  Confederate 
Veterans,  with  their  many  guests  from  other  towns  to  the  num 
ber  of  four  hundred.  On  the  breasts  of  many  were  handsome 
badges  showing  to  what  command  they  belonged,  but  on  each 
were  pretty  red  badges,  each  of  which  bore  a  picture  of  the 
monument  to  be  unveiled,  furnished  by  the  Committee  of  Ar 
rangements.  Following  behind  the  veterans  and  their  sons,  who 
have  but  recently  banded  themselves  together,  came  a  procession 
of  carriages  that  took  full  twenty-five  minutes  to  pass  a  given 
point,  the  carriages  containing  members  of  the  Ladies'  Memo 
rial  Association,  to  whom  is  due  all  credit  for  the  erection  of  the 
monument,  a  number  of  representative  citizens  of  Knoxville 
with  their  wives  and  children  and  guests  from  the  surrounding 
territory  to  this  city.  It  was  a  few  minutes  after  3  o'clock  when 
the  exercises  at  the  Cemetery  began.  Around  the  speaker's  stand 
stood  thousands  with  their  upturned  faces.  The  brass  howitzer 
that  stood  outside  the  gate  had  thundered  forth  its  peal  of 
thunder.  After  the  band  had  beautifully  rendered  "Safe  in  the 
Arms  of  Jesus,"  Col.  J.  W.  S.  Frierson,  Chairman  of  Executive 
Committee,  announced  Eev.  Jas.  Park,  who  offered  up  a  most 
beautiful  prayer  to  Almighty  God.  During  the  course  of  his 
invocation  he  said:  "Almighty  God,  we  are  gathered  here  for  a 
patriotic  purpose.  Our  minds  revert  to  those  troublous  times  of 
carnage  and  blood,  times  that  tried  men's  souls,  with  gratitude 

—  259  — 


for  the  manly  pride  and  heroism  displayed  on  the  battlefield  for 
our  country.  We  beseech  thee,  Oh  God !  to  let  Thy  benediction 
rest  upon  the  Veterans  of  the  Confederate  Army  who  are  here 
to-day  to  dedicate  the  memorial  to  the  honor  of  the  dead.  Let 
thy  blessings  rest  upon  the  mothers  and  sisters  of  those  who 
wore  the  gray,  who  have  spent  their  efforts  in  erecting  this  monu 
ment  to  the  memory  of  the  Confederate  Dead."  "Tenting  on  the 
Old  Camp  Ground"  was  next  rendered  by  the  band,  after  which 
Hon.  H.  H.  Taylor  stepped  forward  to  deliver  the  address  of 
welcome.  It  was  as  follows: 

"The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Bethel  Cemetery  have 
commissioned  me  to  extend  to  you  a  cordial  welcome  to  these 
sacred  precincts,  to  invite  you  to  join  with  them  in  the  exercises 
about  to  take  place,  and  to  enjoy  with  them  the  full  fruition  of 
their  long  and  anxious  labors  of  love  to  the  heroic  dead  who 
rest  about  this  monument.  It  is  now  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago 
since  this  labor  of  love  and  duty  was  commenced,  and  many  a 
sainted  member  of  the  old  band  has  fallen  by  the  way,  but  the 
long  night  has  passed  and  the  noontide  of  their  hopes  and 
prayers  realized.  The  Association  has  been  greatly  aided  in  its 
labors  by  Federals  as  well  as  by  Confederates,  and  to-day  these 
noble  women,  with  hearts  full  of  gratitude  to  all,  bid  me  extend 
to  every  one  a  most  heartfelt  welcome.  Twenty-one  years  ago 
I  had  the  honor  to  deliver  the  first  memorial  address  ever  de 
livered  in  this  country.  In  that  address  I  quoted  from  the  sweet 
singer  of  South  Carolina  these  couplets : 

"Sleep  sweetly  in  your  humble  graves, 

Ye  martyrs  of  a  fallen  cause! 
Though  no  marble  monument, 

Crave  the  pilgrim  here  to  pause. 
In  seeds  of  laurel  in  the  earth 

The  blossom  c  f  your  fame  in  bloom, 
And  somewhere  waiting  for  its  birth, 

The  shaft  is  in  the  stone." 

Thanks  to  the  devotion  and  energies  of  the  ladies  of  this  Asso 
ciation  and  to  the  beneficence  of  the  many  generous  men  of  the 
community  who  so  liberally  contributed  to  the  good  work,  we 
are  able  to  proclaim  the  completion  of  the  monument  and  show 
that  the  sentiment  of  the  sweet  couplets  of  twenty-two  years  has 
"been  reversed ;  that  a  monument  does  now  ( crave  the  pilgrim 
here  to  pause;'  that  to-day  the  shaft  is  not  in  the  stone,  but  the 
stone  in  the  shaft.  Again  I  welcome  you  to  the  grounds  and  to 
participation  in  the  further  exercises  of  the  hour/' 

—  260  — 


The  next  event  on  the  programme  was  the  unveiling  of  the 
monument,,  but  this  ceremony,  which  had  been  delegated  to  the 
beautiful  little  Miss  Moody  McTeer,  necessarily  had  to  be  dis 
pensed  with,  for  nature  herself  had  torn  the  veil  from  the  Con 
federate  soldier,  who  stands  at  "parade  rest"  at  the  top  of  the 
high  marble  column.  The  band  struck  up  that  inspiring  piece  ol 
music  to  Southern  men,  "  Dixie."  The  minute  guns  roared  during 
the  playing  of  Dixie,  and  the  enthusiasm  of  the  crowd  was 
unbounded,  yells  followed  one  another  in  rapid  succession.  Then 
Col.  James  E.  Carter  arose,  and  in  a  brief  speech  introduced 
Gen.  W.  B.  Bate,  U.  S.  Senator  from  Tennessee.  Said  Col. 
Carter :  "I  am  here  to  introduce  Gen.  Bate.  As  a  leader  in  the 
Confederate  Army  none  were  braver.  He  had  the  unbounded 
confidence  of  his  men  and  led  them  to  many  victories.  As  Gov 
ernor  of  our  historic  State  he  left  an  untarnished  record.  After 
serving  two  terms  he  was  called  to  the  more  exalted  position,  one 
that  was  approved  by  all  the  State.  As  United  States  Senator 
he  had  the  respect  and  esteem,  not  only  of  his  State,  but  his 
fellow  Senators.  As  a  citizen  and  a  man  he  holds  the  warmest 
place  in  our  hearts,  in  every  walk  of  life  as  a  man  and  citizen,  as 
a  husband  and  a  father.  This  is  the  man  I  introduce  to  you  to 
day  as  the  orator  of  this  auspicious  occasion." 

This  Association  continues  to  increase  in  number.  In  1897 
a  marble  wall  was  placed  around  the  cemetery. 

MOODY  WHITE, 
Secretary  pro  tern. 

On  January  13th,  1902,  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association 
was  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  Miss  Sophia  Moody  White,  one 
of  its  most  active  and  faithful  members.  The  following  resolu 
tions  were  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Association: 

IN  MEMORIAM. 

Whereas:  In  the  Providence,  of  God,  the  angel  of  death  has 
entered  our  ranks  and  taken  from  our  little  band  of  workers, 
one  of  our  noblest,  most  loyal  members,  in  the  recent,  unex 
pected  demise  of  Sophia  Moody  White,  and 

Whereas:  Our  Society  deeply  deplores  the  death  of  this  true, 
Christian  woman,  and  most  zealous  adherent  to  the  cause  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy: 

Be  it  Resolved,  That  bowing  to  the  will  of  the  all-wise  Father, 
who  doeth  all  things  for  the  good  of  His  children,  we  pray  for 

—  261  — 


His  grace  to  aid  us,  and  His  hand  to  guide  us,  as  hitherto  He 
aided  and  guided  our  dear  friend  in  her  work  among  us. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Sophia  Moody  White,  our 
beloved  friend  and  co-worker  in  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Associa 
tion,  each  member  of  our  Society  feels  a  sense  of  keen,  personal 
loss  and  that  the  Association  has  sustained  the  loss  of  one  of 
its  truest,  most  cherished  members,  one  who  was  ever  ready,  in 
word  and  work,  to  aid  in  the  noble  cause  of  keeping  green  the 
memory  of  the  heroic  dead  whose  lives  were  freely  sacrificed 
upon  their  country's  hallowed  altar. 

Resolved,  That  a  page  of  the  minutes  be  dedicated  to  a  memo 
rial  of  our  friend  and  lamented  fellow-worker,  and  a  copy  of 
these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to  the  family  of  the  deceased. 

SOPHIE  H.  HUNTER, 
KATHERINE  H.  NEWMAN, 
IVA  McM.  BOYD, 

Committee. 


SOUTHERN  MOTHERS, 
MEMPHIS,  TENNESSEE. 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1861,  a  call  was  made  to  the  ladies 
of  Memphis  to  meet  at  the  residence  of  Mrs.  LeRoy  Pope,  to 
organize  a  society  to  assist  the  soldiers  then  being  enlisted  for 
the  defence  of  the  South.  Many  ladies  responded,  and  the 
"  Southern  Mothers "  were  organized,  with  Mrs.  S.  C.  Law, 
President  (the  aunt  of  General  J.  B.  Gordon),  Mrs.  W.  S. 
Piekett,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Lockhard,  Treasurer,  and  Mrs. 
LeRoy  Pope,  Secretary. 

The  intention  was  to  go  to  the  camps  near  the  city  and  see 
to  the  wants  of  the  sick  soldiers. 

A  short  time  afterward  General  Hindman,  of  Arkansas,  on 
his  homeward  journey  from  Richmond,  telegraphed  to  some 
gentleman  of  the  city,  that  he  had  thirty  soldiers  who  were 
too  ill  to  travel  and  whom  he  was  unwilling  to  take  back  to 
Arkansas,  and  he  asked  that  some  provision  be  made  for  them. 
Sunday  at  midnight,  the  President,  Mrs.  Law,  was  aroused  and 
asked  if  the  "  Southern  Mothers  "  could  meet  the  emergency, 
she  replied,  "yes."  Mr.  James  Flaherty,  whose  wife  was  a 
member  of  the  society  was  notified,  also  Mr.  Oliver  Greenlaw. 
The  latter  gave  the  use  of  a  large  vacant  store.  Mr.  Flaherty 

—  262  — 


SOUTHERN  MOTHERS, 

Memphis,  Tennessee. 

i.  Mrs.  J.  W.  Fowler.  2.  Mrs    J  'Hi  Humphreys. 

3.  Mrs.  Emily  Ball.  4.  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Pope/ 


supplied  beds,  mattresses  and  feather  pillows.    The  ladies  made 
sheets,  pillow  cases  and  hospital  shirts.  They  appointed  Dr.  Curry 
as  surgeon.    When  General  Hindman  arrived  at  noon  complete 
provision  for  his  sick  men  awaited  them  and  before  night  thirty 
men  were  lying  in  fresh,  clean  beds,  and  the  "Southern  Mothers" 
Hospital  was  opened.     Here  we  worked  all  summer,  until  the 
number  of  sick  soldiers,  asking  for  our  help,  demanded  larger 
accommodations,  and  a  store  in  the  East  end  of  the  Irving 
Block  was  offered  us.     In  this  building  we  cared  for  over  two 
thousand  men,  with  a  mortality  of  less  than  3%%.    The  entire 
country  came  to  our  aid  with  provisions,  clothing  and  money, 
and  the  men  were  well  cared  for.     In  response  to  our  request 
President  Davis  appointed  Dr.  Curry  "  Surgeon  of  the  Army,"" 
in  recognition  of  the  work  which  was  being  done.     Federal 
prisoners  were  cared  for  as  well  as  our  own  sick  and  wounded. 
The  first  man  who  died  was  buried  in  a  lot  in  Elmwood,  donated 
by  Col.  Lenow.    Mr.  Hoist,  Mrs.  Flaherty  and  Mrs.  Pope  buried 
the  dead  soldier.  As  we  were  unable  to  get  a  clergyman,  Mrs.  Pope 
read  the  Service  of  the  Dead  at  the  grave.    The  next  soldier  who 
died  was  buried  by  the  Eev.  Dr.  White,  of  Calvary  Church.    One 
of  our  brave  Confederate  soldiers  who  died  in  Missouri,  at  his 
own  request,  was  sent  to  Mrs.  Pope  for  burial.     She  buried 
him  in  her  own  lot  in  Winchester  Cemetery.     One  evening  in 
planting  flowers  over  his  grave  night  over-took  her.    She  started 
up,  to  find  a  strange  man  gazing  at  her.    Seldom  had  this  brave 
woman  known  such  fear,  being  alone  with  her  little  girl.     The 
man  advanced,  called  her  by  name,  saying  that  he  had  seen  her 
often  in  the  Hospital,  and  had  remained  late  to  escort  her  home, 
in  honor  of  the  good  Southern  Mothers.     In  the  prosecution  of 
our  work  we  met  with  unvarying  appreciation  from  our  citizens. 
We  could  narrate  incidents  sufficient  to  fill  a  volume.     On  one 
occasion,   when   a   soldier  was   about  to   leave  the  hospital,   a 
soldier  in  the  next  cot  whispered  to  us  that  the  man  had  no 
socks.     We  secured  a  pair  from  our  well  filled  wardrobe  and 
gave  them  to  him,  he  blushed  and  said:  "I  brought  no  socks 
here."     We  told  him  how  they  came  to  us  and  he  then  put 
them   on.     A  week  later  we   received   from   that   Confederate 
soldier  a  hundred  dollar  bill  for  our  treasury,  marked :  "  The 
price  of  a  pair  of  socks."     Finding  the  work  growing  beyond 
the  management  of  this  more  than  spartan  band,  the  hospital 
was  turned  over  to  the  government,  a  short  time  before  Memphis 

—  263  — 


fell,  and  we  continued  to  nurse  in  the  military  hospital.  When 
Memphis  was  surrounded  the  sick  were  taken  to  the  City  Hospi 
tal,  then  outside  the  city  limits  where  the  Sisters  of  St.  Agnes 
cared  for  them.  We  received  a  message  from  the  Sisters,  asking 
us  to  get  them  some  dainties  for  the  sick.  From  our  pantries 
in  the  Irving  Block  we  obtained  what  could  be  taken  in  a 
carriage.  The  next  day  when  we  called  to  procure  more,  we 
found  a  Federal  soldier  at  the  door,  and  were  refused  admit 
tance.  Our  old  hospital  was  turned  into  a  prison.  Here  those 
of  us  who  remained  in  the  city,  continued  our  labors,  feeding 
the  Southern  prisoners  to  the  very  limit  of  our  slender  resources. 
Some  of  us,  I  am  afraid  at  times  assisted  them  to  escape.  Those 
who  escaped  always  came  to  us,  and  of  course,  we  did  not  give 
them  up  to  the  Federal  authorities,  but  did  the  best  we  could  to 
get  them  outside  the  lines. 

The  Southern  Mothers  Association  is  now  but  a  name,  only 
a  few  of  the  noble  women  being  left  who  originally  joined  their 
forces  to  soothe  with  womanly  help  and  sympathy,  the  sick 
and  dying,  a  task  that  naturally  comes  easy  to  women,  and  in 
this  case  doubly  so,  as  we  watched  over  the  friends  of  our  dear 
Southland. 

The  Southern  Mothers  had  but  one  President,  and,  as  we  laid 
her  gently  to  rest  in  Elmwood  Cemetery  only  a  little  hill  divid 
ing  her  grave  from  those  of  the  soldiers,  whom  she  loved  and 
nursed  so  tenderly,  we  resolved  never  to  have  another  President. 

Mrs.  Fanny  Barker  Galloway,  one  of  this  faithful  band  of 
women,  died  recently  in  Memphis  at  the  age  of  eighty-one  years. 
She  was  a  devoted  Confederate  and  practical  in  her  manifesta 
tions  of  patriotism.  Herself  childless,  she  reared  and  educated 
twenty  orphan  children  of  Confederate  parentage  and  left  them 
provided  for  at  death.  The  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Ten 
nessee,  was  petitioned  by  the  Ladies  Memorial  Association,  to 
to  change  the  date  of  Memorial  Day,  and  to  fix  upon  June  3rd, 
the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Jefferson  Davis,  the  President  of 
the  Confederate  States  of  America,  as  Confederate  Memorial 
Day  for  the  State.  In  this  patriotic  movement,  Hon.  T.  J. 
Collier,  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  assisted.  The 
measure  finally  passed  and  became  a  legal  enactment.  Mr. 
Collier  is  the  son  of  a  distinguished  Confederate  Veteran  and  he 
feels  a  justifiable  pride  in  having  been  the  medium  of  procur 
ing  the  passage  of  this  bill,  thus  affording  an  opportunity  to 

—  264  — 


SOUTHERN    MOTHERS,-,  ,  ,V,  :  '    \J  \\ 

Memphis,  Tennessee. 

i.  Mrs.  Mary  Elizabeth  Cummings.  2.  Mrs.  Phoebe  Frazer  Edmonds. 

3.  Mrs.  America  Weaver  Bruce.  4.  Mrs.  S.  C.  Law. 


the  loyal  and  devoted  people  of  the  State  to  honor  the  name 
of  the  South's  greatest  Chieftain,,  Jefferson  Davis,  whose  name 
and  memory  should  never  be  allowed  to  die.  During  the  past 
}rear  two  of  this  noble  band  were  called  to  their  final  reward — 
Mrs.  America  Weaver  Bruce  and  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Edmunds. 
The  following  is  taken  from  the  Memphis  Scimitar :  "  Mrs 
Edmunds  was  born  in  North  Carolina  eighty-five  years  ago, 
but  has  lived  in  Memphis  for  the  greater  part  of  her  life.  She 
was  greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew  her.  She  took  great  interest 
in  Confederate  Memorial  work  and  was  thoroughly  Southern  in 
her  sympathies.  She  was  one  of  the  original  "  Southern 
Mothers,"  whose  noble  self-sacrificing  work  in  the  interest  of 
the  sick  and  wounded  Confederates  made  them  a  notable  body 
of  women.  Of  these  there  are  now  since  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Edmunds  only  seven  left.  The  memory  of  their  noble  work, 
however,  will  be  alive  for  years  in  the  hearts  of  the  Memphis 
people  long  after  they  have  passed  away." 

Seven  only  now  remain,  their  heads  wreathed  with  the  snowy 
garlands  of  age,  their  hearts  bound  by  the  ties  of  common  pur 
pose  and  experience.  A  unique  Spartan  group,  their  strong, 
yet  maternal  faces,  reflecting  a  charming  womanliness  combined 
with  un-faltering  courage.  It  is  a  source  of  regret  that  all  of 
their  pictures  do  not  appear.  They  are  types  of  a  race  that  is 
vanished  from  the  world's  stage. 

The  surviving  members  are  here  named:  Mrs.  J.  H.  Hum 
phreys,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Pope,  Mrs.  Emily  Ball,  Mrs.  H.  A.  Fowler, 
Mrs.  Mary  Elizabeth  Cummmgs,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Wormley,  Miss 
Bettie  Yancy.  These  ladies  reside  in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  and, 
although  advanced  in  years,  are  still  active  in  the  daily  pursuits 
of  life  and  are  deeply  interested  in  all  that  tends  to  preserve  the 
memories  of  the  valor  and  heroic  fortitude  of  the  Confederate 
soldier. 

MRS.  J.  H.  HUMPHREYS. 


LADIES'    CONFEDERATE   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
MEMPHIS,  TENNESSEE. 

"  Blest  ashes ! — keep  the  dust  the  mother  loves, 
As  she  in  solemn  grandeur  keeps  their  shields, — 
The  dead  who  died  with  victory  in  their  ears, 
Who  never  knew  their  daring  issue  failed! — 
Rest  lightly,  as  a  curtain  spun  of  mist, — 
Let  no  rude  zephyr  tell  the  story  there, — 
Unto  the  dead,  whom  all  the  world  has  crowned, — 
Who  never  felt  the  woe  the  vanquished  feel !" 

More  than  thirty  years  ago,  some  of  the  women  who  had 
nursed  and  ministered  to  the  sick  and  wounded  Confederate 
soldiers  in  the  Irving  Block  and  in  their  own  homes  in  Mem 
phis,  met  at  Elmwood  to  put  flowers  on  the  graves  of  our 
soldiers,  who  are  buried  in  the  Confederate  lot. 

They  and  their  children  continued  this  ceremony  each  year, 
without  a  single  omission,  the  only  bond  being  a  loving  interest 
in-  the  Cause,  until  May  16th,  1889,  when  believing  that  they 
could  do  more  work  if  organized,  they  became  a  formal  body 
under  the  charter  of  the  Confederate  Historical  Association, 
which  was  one  of  the  earliest  organized  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  incidentally,  the  only  Confederate  Association  of  which 
President  Davis  was  an  active  member.  Since  which  time,  the 
Ladies  Confederate  Memorial  Association  have  continued  their 
annual  Memorial  services,  acting  as  auxiliary  to  the  Confederate 
Historical  Association. 

This  faithful  band  of  women  has  shown  upon  its  rolls,  most 
of  the  prominent  names  well  known  to  Memphis,  especially  of 
the  old  regime,  and  has,  on  several  occasions,  held  a  membership 
of  two  hundred,  but  the  work  and  the  tastes  of  the  women  who 
compose  it,  have  made  of  it  a  quiet,  dignified  body,  of  whom 
the  outside  world  does  not  often  hear,  but  strong  and  faithful 
to  the  purposes  of  its  being;  the  fitting  observance  of  Memorial 
Day,  the  building  of  monuments  and  the  placing  of  headstones, 
and  responding,  when  practicable  to  calls  for  help  from  other 
Associations  who  are  trying  to  do  rescue  work  in  reclaiming 
Confederate  graves,  in  preservation  of  records,  and  establishing 
the  truth  of  history. 

Changes  and  death  have  reduced  the  ranks,  but  each  spring, 
they  close  up  with  renewed  tenderness  one  toward  another,  and 
meet,  to  weave  their  more  than  one  thousand  evergreen  wreaths, 
that  each  white  headstone  may  be  remembered,  and  the  monu- 

—  266  — 


MRS.  FANNIE  BARKER  GALLOWAY, 
(Southern    Mothers) 
Memphis,'  Tennessee. 


merit  twined  with  garlands.  At  the  close  of  the  services  on 
Memorial  Day,  just  before  "  Company  A — United  Confederate 
"Veterans "  fires  its  military  salute  and  "  taps "  are  sounded, 
these  wreaths  are  placed  by  a  hundred  and  fifty  little  children, 
who  march  two  by  two,  led  by  a  young  ensign  bearing  a  Confeder 
ate  flag,  directed  by  Mrs.  Thomas  Day,  who  has  made  this  work 
of  marshalling  the  children  a  labor  of  love,  for  the  past  ten 
years. 

The  Association  has  numbered  among  its  Presidents,  Mrs. 
Charles  W.  Frazer,  Mrs.  Luke  E.  Wright,  Mrs.  Kellar  Anderson, 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Wormley,  Mrs.  J.  C.  McDavitt,  Mrs.  Hugh  L. 
Bedford  and  Mrs.  C.  B.  Bryan  (now  presiding).  Mrs.  Charles 
W.  Frazer  was  its  organizer  and  first  President,  and  two  daugh- 
iers  of  Admiral  Semmes,  Mrs.  Wright  and  Mrs.  Bryan,  have 
served  the  Association  in  that  capacity.  A  sketch  of  the  Ladies' 
Confederate  Memorial  Association  of  Memphis,  would  be  incom 
plete  without  a  mention  of  its  efficient  Treasurer,  Mrs.  J.  H. 
Moyston,  who  has  filled  this  position  by  unanimous  election, 
for  many  years,  consecutively. 

Modest  and  unostentatious  in  its  methods,  but  always  alert 
io  any  call  for  the  perpetuation  of  Southern  memories,  a  glance 
over  the  records  of  the  Association,  shows  the  following  contri 
butions  : 

To  The  Battle  Abbey  Fund $850.00 

To  The  Jefferson  Davis  Monument  Association 500.00 

To  Confederate  Bazaar  at  Eichmond 250.00 

To  Soldiers  and  Sailors'  Home,  Eichmond 160.00 

To  Sam  Davis  Monument 150 . 00 

Believing  that  the  memories  and  personal  experiences  of 
women  who  have  lived  and  served  through  the  stormy  period 
of  '61  to  '65,  however  homely  or  thrilling,  may  be  of  interest 
to  the  future  historian  of  our  people,  as  well  as  to  the  rising 
generation,  it  has  been  the  custom  of  this  Association  to  hold 
social  meetings  through  the  winter,  on  the  first  Monday  after 
noon  of  each  month,  at  which  meetings,  a  story  or  incident 
of  the  war  recollections  of  one  of  the  members  is  read,  as 
the  others  gather  around  the  cheerful  open  fires,  for  these 
meetings  are  always  held  in  the  homes  of  the  members.  The 
Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Association,  which  is  a  child 
of  the  original  Southern  Mothers'  Association,  holds  in  its 

—  267  — 


membership  all  of  the  remaining  Southern  Mothers,  and 
sometimes,  through  direct  descent,  four  generations  are  repre 
sented  at  these  meetings.  In  some  instances,  where  age  or 
feebleness  prevent,  the  usual  story  is  told,  rather  than  written, 
notes  of  which  are  taken  by  one  of  the  younger  members 
without  the  knowledge  of  the  reciter  however,  whose  spark 
ling  eyes  and  impassioned  speech,  relieved  now  and  then  by 
a  reminiscent  laugh,  are  conclusive  evidences  that  "There's 
Life  in  the  Old  Land  Yet!"  Under  such  an  environment,  as 
under  no  other,  the  storehouse  of  memory  is  opened,  and  every 
incident  is  carefully  preserved,  after  enjoyment  by  the  faith 
ful  circle,  from  the  thrilling  adventures  of  "running  the 
blockade"  down  to  the  humorously  pathetic  history  of  the  old 
army  mule,  whose  grave  is  yearly  decorated  in  loving  commemo 
ration.  Some  of  the  papers  are  sketches  of  childish  recollec 
tion,  rich  in  atmosphere  and  legend,  that  can  be  found  in  no 
other  quarter.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Association  to  gather 
these  stories  in  book  form  at  some  future  day,  as  a  legacy  to 
its  children,  the  younger  members  of  the  organizatiton.  With 
feelings  of  pride,  this  Association  records  that  it  was  one  of 
the  charter  members  of  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
Association,  which  was  organized  several  years  ago  by  our 
patriotic  President,  Mrs.  W.  J.  Behan,  for  it  realizes  that  only 
by  Confederation  can  its  tender  work  of  years,  which  no  like 
organization  can  afford  to  lose,  be  perpetuated  and  its  archives 
be  preserved,  distinct  and  separate.  Though  other  and  newer 
bodies  of  women  may  take  up  a  similar  work  (for  there  is 
room  for  all  of  them)  and  spread  a  strong  and  helpful  influence 
along  the  lines  of  history,  patriotism  and  the  building  of  monu 
ments,  to  these  thinning  bands,  proven,  tried  by  fire  in  the  leaden 
hail  of  war,  and  to  their  children  after  them,  belongs  the  cere 
monial  of  this  purely  Memorial  work.  Sweet  be  the  sleep  of 
our  low-tented  heroes, — dreamless,  calm  and  sweet ! — for  while 
all  time  shall  last,  these  sentinels  of  peace  shall  stand,  the 
vestals  of  an  altar,  old  as  God,  whose  living  flame  is  love ! 


—  268  — 


TEXAS 


SUL  ROSS  MEMORIAL  ASOCIATION". 
WACO,  TEXAS. 

Ruskin  says,  "  every  nation's  vice  or  virtue  is  written  in  its 
art;  the  soldiership  of  early  Greece;  the  sensuality  of  late  Italy; 
the  visionary  religion  of  Tuscany;  the  splendid  human  energy 
of  Venice."  To  this  we  will  add  the  unequaled  heroism  of  our 
Southland,  and  for  this  purpose  the  Ross  Memorial  and  Foun 
tain  Association  has  been  organized,  and  will  erect  an  equestrian 
statue  of  Governor  Ross,  around  which  will  flow  pure  water  from 
mythological  figures,  to  allay  the  thirst  of  man  and  beast,  and 
will  forever  remind  posterity  of  the  purity  that  adorned  the  life 
of  L.  S.  Ross.  It  will  be  in  the  park  that  the  fragrance  of 
flowers  will  rise  in  incense  to  his  memory  and  to  the  memories 
of  every  one  who  has  assisted  in  erecting,  "this  marble  minstrel 
who  will  sing  to  eternal  tune."  There  will  not  only  be  songs 
of  heroism,  but  of  gratitude.  For  it  will  be  beneath  the  cool 
shade  and  soft  strains  of  music  that  the  tired  clerks,  workmen 
and  dusty  travelers,  will  send  forth  their  grateful  melodies 
until  angels  will  draw  aside  the  curtains  and  the  bended  heavens 
will  stop  to  listen.  Thus  a  voice  will  be  heard  saying,  "  To  build 
with  stone  is  well,  but  with  flesh  better,  temples  not  made  with 
hands,  but  riveted  of  hearts,  and  that  kind  of  marble  crimson 
veined  is  indeed  eternal."  It  was  Mrs.  Sterling  Robertson,  nee 
Miss  Lorena  Westbrook,  who  first  suggested  that  a  statue  be 
erected  in  honor  of  Lawrence  Sullivan  Ross,  Indian  warrior, 
Confederate  soldier  and  ex-Governor  of  Texas. 

The  Texas  "Sul"  Ross  Memorial  Association  was  organized 
in  1902,  Mrs.  Sterling  C.  Robertson  was  re-elected  President 
the  second  year;  the  women  of  Texas  are  enthusiastic  over  the 
erection  of  this  statue.  At  the  name  of  Lawrence  Sullivan 
Ross,  every  man's  heart  is  thrilled  with  love  and  admiration,  for 
there  is  reflected  on  the  canvas  of  the  past  a  panoramic  view 

—  269  — 


of  his  heroic  deeds,  and  acts  of  mercy.  If  L.  S.  Ross,  the  man 
we  all  delight  to  honor,  could  lean  from  the  battlements  of 
heaven,  we  would  hear  the  echo  of  his  voice  saying:  Prepare  to 
meet  that  last  enemy!  Take  the  sword  of  the  spirit  (which  is 
the  Bible)  put  on  the  breast-plate  of  faith,  and  helmet  of  salva 
tion,  and  on  the  wings  of  our  Saviour's  love  rise  upward  to 
God  and  heaven,  light  and  glory,  happiness  and  enternity."  Mrs. 
Robertson's  noble  and  patriotic  work  is  already  assured  of  suc 
cess.  It  seems  indeed  incredible  that  one  gentle,  delicate  woman 
could  accomplish  a  deed  at  once  so  noble  and  so  colossal.  Her 
work  is  to  secure  a  lasting  memento  of  the  great  hero  all  Tex- 
ans  delight  to  honor,  and  at  the  base  of  the  statue  (equestrian 
shaft  of  General  Ross)  will  be  a  drinking  fountain  for  both  man 
and  beast.  Mrs.  Robertson's  enthusiasm  has  enlisted  the  aid 
and  support  of  all  influential  and  patriotic  Texans,  men,  women, 
and  children  of  both  high  and  low  degree;  and  she  now  believes 
that  the  statue  will  be  unveiled  before  the  close  of  1904. 

A  SKETCH  or  LAWRENCE  SULLIVAN  Ross. 

It  would  take  the  pen  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  portray  the  chiv 
alry  of  our  Bruces,  Douglasses,  Wallaces  and  Ravenwoods  for 
there  is  a  romantic  legend  connected  with  almost  every  moun 
tain  gorge  and  flowered  plain  in  Texas.     Lawrence   Sullivan 
Ross  was  born  in  Bentonsport,  Iowa,  in  1838.    His  father  moved 
to   Texas   in    1839,   and   many  were   the   thrilling   adventures 
related  in  his  presence  during  his  childhood.     We  cannot  be 
surprised  to  see  our  soldier  of  twenty  years  of  age  with  135 
friendly  Indians  charging  into  a  Comanche  village.     Look!  He 
is  surrounded  by  twenty-five  warriors;  hear  their  yell  of  victory 
as  they  see  him  fall,  and  the  glittering  scalping  knife  over  his 
head.     A  signal  of  retreat  is  sounded  and  the  fiendish  work 
is   left   undone.       In   this   battle   of   the   Wichita   Mountains, 
young  Ross  won  his  laurels  and  shed  his  first  blood  for  Texas. 
It  was  his  gallantry  on  this  battlefield  that  called  forth  the 
following  eulogy  from  General  Sam  Houston.     "  I  am  satisfied 
with  the  same  opportunities  you  will  rival,  if  not  excel,  the  great 
est  exploits  of  McCullough  or  Jas.  R.  Hays.     Continue  to  repel, 
pursue  and  punish  every  body  of  Indians  coming  into  the  State 
and  the  people  will  not  withhold  the  praise."     General  Winfield 
Scott  in  an  autograph  letter  complimented  him  and  tendered  him 
his  assistance.     Captain  Ross  proved  himself  worthy  of  their 

—  270  — 


^jpt.^* 


GEN'L  LAWRENCE  SULLIVAN  ROSS, 
Waco,  Texas. 


friendship.  He  surprised  Peta  Nocona  on  Pease  River;  killed 
the  chieftain  and  captured  his  wife  (the  long  lost  Cynthia 
Ann  Parker).  This  battle  of  Pease  River  prevented  many 
depredations  during  the  Civil  War.  As  soon  as  Texas  seceded 
Captain  Ross  joined  his  brother's  company  as  a  private,  but 
he  was  soon  elected  Major.  In  Arkansas  he  protected  General 
Price's  retreat  with  such  gallantry,  that  he  was  promoted 
Colonel. 

After  bearing  his  escutcheon  of  honor  untarnished  from  many 
battle-fields  in  Mississippi,  we  find  him  charging  the  fire  breath 
ing,  death  dealing  battery  Robinett.     The  ramparts  are  reached 
and  guns  silenced,  but  two  hundred  brave  Texans  lay  in  a  space 
of  three  hundred  yards.     Then  the  Confederate  army  began  to 
retreat,  Colonel  Ross  went  to  the  assistance  of  General  Moore 
who  was  commanded  to  hold  the  bridge  over  Natchez  River. 
Our  hero  saw  the  salvation  of  the  army  was  hanging  on  a  pivot. 
The  Federals  with  ten  times  as  many  men  had  possession  of 
the  bridge.     Colonel  Ross  drove  them  back  again  and  again, 
until  the  last  wagon  had  passed  in  safety.     In  commenting  on 
his  conduct,  General  Maury  says,  "During  the  battle  of  Natchez 
Colonel  Ross  commanded  his  brigade  and  evinced  such  conspicu- 
•  ous  gallantry,  that  when  called  upon  to  report  to  the  war  depart 
ment  the  name  of  the  officers  especially  distinguished  there,  and 
at  Corinth,  I  reported  the  name  of  Colonel  L.  S.  Ross  to  Gen. 
Cooper."    Other  letters  were  written  by  Generals  J.  E.  Johnston, 
and  S.  D.  Lee.     Colonel  Ross  then  received  his  Commission  as 
Brigadier  General.    There  was  no  one  in  all  that  galaxy  of  glory 
who  wore  the  wreathed  stars  during  the  war  more  deserving  the 
honor,  than  Lawrence  Sullivan  Ross.    It  devolved  on  Gen.  Ross 
to  cover  General  Hood's  gloomy  retreat.    The  Texans  knew  that 
the  hand  of  fate  had  written  the  epitaph  of  the  Confederacy 
above  the  hopes  of  her  people,  yet  the  last  call  of  the  bugle 
found  them  as  ready  to  mount  as  did  the  first,  when  cheered 
by  the  smiles  of  wives  and  lovers.     Like  Napoleon,   General 
Ross  had  never  taught  his  drummer  boy  to  beat  a  retreat,  but 
now  the  testing  time  of  his  soul  had  come,  for  the  death  knell 
of  the  Confederacy  was  sounded  in  the  bugle  notes,  yet  the  sul 
len,  slow  retreat  was  crowned  with  victories  to  the  world.    The 
South  was  not  conquered,  but  over-powered.     In  the  last  charge 
near  Murfreesboro,  General  Ross  captured  three  hundred  and 
fifty  prisoners  and  a  train  of  commissary  supplies.     After  our 

—  271—- 


hero  returned  home  he  battled  with  adversity  as  he  did  with 
the  enemy,  and  his  victories  were  as  brilliant  as  those  of  Yazoo 
City,  Liverpool  and  Latartia.  For  five  years  he  was  sheriff  of 
McLennan  County.  It  was  there  that  Texas  needed  such  men 
as  Lawrence  Sullivan  Eoss,  for  Anarchy  reigned  supreme,  Mercy 
shrieked  and  Justice  hid  her  face. 

Like  Cincinnatus,  he  was  called  from  his  farm  to  fill  the  high 
est  office  of  his  State.  The  prosperity  of  Texas  during  his 
administration  speaks  in  more  eloquent  terms  than  inspired 
words  of  his  devotion  to  duty  and  the  love  of  our  Southland. 
Governor  Eoss  was  engaged  in  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  battles 
and  skirmishes,  captured  twenty  stands  of  colors  and  had  seven 
horses  shot  from  under  him.  He  was  as  loyal  to  his  friends  as  to 
his  country.  An  extract  from  a  letter  of  B.  P.  Simmons  will 
give  an  insight  into  the  loving,  tender  character  of  our  hero. 
"When  I  was  wounded  at  Corinth,  General  Eoss  placed  me  on 
his  own  horse,  and  carried  me  out  of  danger.  God  bless  him." 
Before  his  nomination  for  Governor,  Colonel  John  Henry 
Brown  said,  "Why  may  not  his  thousands  of  friends  present 
his  name  for  the  position  of  chief  magistrate  of  the  state 
he  has  no  nobly  defended?  His  friends  claim  the  right  to 
mention  his  name.  Ask  the  people  of  the  frontier,  ask  his  neigh 
bors,  ask  the  thirty  thousand  ex-soldiers  who  knew  his  deeds, 
and  see  what  they  say.  They  will  send  up  one  grand  shout 
for  Eoss."  Hundreds  of  similar  eulogies  could  be  produced. 
Does  not  his  name  deserve  a  place  in  history  with  Stonewall 
Jackson,  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  Henry  of  Navarre  and  Sir 
Philip  Sidney  ?  We  know  that  it  does  and  will  bring  our  tribute 
of  love  in  branches  of  laurel  and  twine  them  around  his  sacred 
memory. 

MRS.  C.  A.  WESTBROOK, 

Lorena,  Texas. 


—  272  — 


"A  TEXAS  HERO." 


Ah !  all  the  world  loves  a  hero. 
There's  never  a  heart  so  craven 
That  hath   not  in  its  confines 
Some  secret,  obscure  haven 
Where  bravery  is  rewarded 
And  there's  love  for  a  noble  deed ; 
And  homage  for  true  heroes, 
Of  whatever   faith  or  creed. 

Of  the  bravery  of  the  Spartans, 
All  hearts  thrill  with  the  story; 
But  the  Southland  hath  its  heroes 
Surpassing  these  in  glory. 
Far  away  back  in  the  thirties, 
Texas  was  the  far  West,  still, 
O'er  her  broad  extended  prairies 
The  wild  Indian  roamed  at  will. 

Hardly  dared  the  pale-face  venture 
In  this  realm  of  savage  men, 
And   the   screams    of   frightened   women 
Rent  the   air   oft   and   again, 
As  their  homes  were  devastated, 
Or,  perchance,  some  loved  one  slain, 
Or  their  little  children  kidnapped, 
Breaking  mothers'  hearts  in  twain. 

But  the  women  and  the  children 
In  those  perilous  days  of  yore, 
Found  in  Ross  such  a  protector 
As  they'd  never  known  before. 
In  his  youth  the   Indian-fighter, 
Brave  of  heart  and  strong  of  arm, 
With  his  bold  scouts  ever  ready 
At  the  tocsin's  first  alarm. 

When  the  Red-men  became  hostile 
On  the  war-path  bent  their  way, 
When  Ross  met  them  with  his  army, 
'Twas  for  them  a  sad,  sad  day. 
Hardly  was  the  Indian  vanquished, 
'Till  the  war  of  civil  strife 
Called  Ross  out  again  to  battle, 
From  his  happy  pastoral  life. 

Here  again  his  noble   courage 
Made  h:m  leader  among  men, 
First  a  private ;  at  the  war's  close 
He  was  Major  General  then. 
Manner  gentle  as  a  woman, 
Heart  as  tender  as  a  child, 
Hardly  could  you  guess  his  courage 
Did  you  hear  his  voice  so  mild. 

—  273  — 


But  in  battle  could  see  him, 

Bravest  patriot !  beardless  boy, 

You'd  have  thought  some  god  was  fighting, 

As  they   fought  of  old  at   Troy. 

Then  the  threatening  war-cloud  vanished, 

Leaving  ruin  in  its  train, 

And  the  South  her  broken  hearth-stones, 

Must  rebuild  with  might  and  main. 

General  Ross,  like  Cincinnatus, 
Then  returned  unto  his  farm. 
But  a  numerous  band  of  robbers 
Caused  the  country  new  alarm. 
Peace  and  safety  had  departed, 
Treasure,  life  was  common  loss, 
All  hearts  turned  then  for  deliverance, 
To  the  hero,  General  Ross. 

Then  the  robber-band  was  routed, 
As  the  Indian  was  before, 
And  in  fair  McLennan  County 
Peace  and  safety  dwelt  once  more. 
Then  the  Gubernatorial  honors 
Called  a  man  that  place  to  fill, 
And  the  warrior  as  the  Governor, 
Was  the  glorious  hero  still. 

After  this  a  great  school  called  him 
There  to  fill  the  executive  chair, 
And  his  labors  there  for  Texas, 
Did  with  his  whole  life  compare. 
Then  there  came  a  time  of  darkness, 
On  a  still  and  solemn  night, 
Gently  as  a  falling  snow-flake 
His  great  spirit  took  its  flight. 

And  there's  now  one  duty  left  us, 
We  who  call  fair  Texas  home — 
Rear  now  to  his  glorious  mem'ry 
A  great  shaft  of  Texas  stone. 
Let  it  tell  to  future  children 
Of  this  land  of  sun  and  flowers, 
That  this  bravest,  best  of  heroes, 
Lived  for  this  grand  State  of  ours. 

KITTIE  ET.LTS  HJI.L. 
Waco,  Texas,  December  5,  1903. 


—  274  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1878. 
Danville,  Virginia. 


VIRGINIA 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
DANVILLE,  VIRGINIA. 

On  the  fifth  of  June,  1872,  a  number  of  young  ladies  of  Dan 
ville  formed  an  Association  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  monu 
ment  to  the  memory  of  the  beloved  and  honored  Confederate 
Dead.  The  membership  comprised  about  forty  unmarried  ladies. 
The  organization  was  styled,  The  Ladies7  Memorial  Association 
of  Danville,  Virginia,  and  the  officers  were  as  follows :  President, 
Miss  Settle  Walters  (afterwards  Mrs.  C.  M.  Minn) ;  Vice- 
President,  Miss  Nannie  Wiseman ;  Secretary,  Miss  Alice  Shelton 
(now  Mrs.  F.  J.  Burton)  ;  Treasurer,  Miss  Ella  Yates  (now 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Aiken).  The  founder  of  the  Association  was  Miss 
Augusta  Yates.  All  of  the  officers  continue  to  hold  the  same 
offices  with  the  exception  of  the  beloved  and  faithful  President, 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Flinn,  who  died  November  22nd,  1901.  At  a  subse 
quent  meeting  of  the  Association  Mrs.  .A.  M.  Aiken  was  elected 
President  and  Miss  Augusta  Yates,  Treasurer.  Being  organ 
ized  at  a  time  when  the  whole  South  was  groaning  beneath  a 
burden  of  financial  distress  and  mercantile  stagnation,  it  required 
the  exercise  of  determination  and  perseverance,  to  raise  sufficient 
money  for  the  desired  object.  After  five  years  the  Association 
was  in  a  position  to  give  the  contract  for  the  obelisk  to  Mr. 
Maurice  J.  Soner,  of  New  York.  He  furnished  the  bronze 
medallions  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee  and  General  Thomas  J. 
Jackson  ("Stonewall"  Jackson),  and  transferred  the  contract 
for  the  granite  work  to  Mr.  M.  Hayes,  of  Richmond,  Virginia. 
It  is  made  of  Virginia  granite  from  the  quarries  near  Richmond, 
and  the  faces  which  bear  inscriptions  are  polished  to  the  smooth 
ness  of  plate  glass.  It  is  erected  upon  an  eminence  in  the 
Southeastern  portion  of  Green  Hill  Cemetery,  at  the  end  of 
the  main  avenue  leading  from  Lee  street,  and  in  full  view  of 
all  trains  on  the  Southern  Railway.  The  mound  upon  which  it 

—  275  — 


stands  is  six  feet  high.  Its  base  is  a  solid  block  of  granite  seven 
feet  square  and  fourteen  inches  high.  The  height  of  the  shaft 
above  the  base  is  twenty-five  feet.  It  weighs  sixteen  tons  and 
oost  two  thousand  dollars.  The  devices  and  inscriptions  upon 
it  are  as  follows: 

North  face — 

(Medallion  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee  in  bronze). 
General  Robert  E.  Lee. 
Confederate  Dead. 
Memorial  Tribute. 
Of  Virginia's  Daughters 
To  the  Fallen  Brave. 
Danville,  Virginia. 

South  face — 

(Medallion  of  "Stonewall"  Jackson  in  bronze). 
General  Thomas  J.  Jackson. 

They  Died 

as  men  who  nobly  contend  for  the  cause  of  Truth  and  Right. 
"They  softly  lie  and  sweetly  sleep." 

West  face — 

Patriots. 
Know  that  these  fell 

In  the  effort 
To  establish  just  government 

and 
Perpetuate  Constitutional  Liberty. 

Who  thus  die 
Will  live  in  lofty  example. 

East  face — 

Quidquid  ex  his  amavimus, 
Quidquid  mirati  sumus, 
Manet  mansurumque  est  in 
Animis  hominum,  in 
yEternitate  temporem  fama  rerum. 

This  is  quoted  from  Tacitus  (Agricola),  and  may  be  freely 
translated  thus: 

"  Whatsoever  we  have  found  to  love  in  these  men — whatsoever 
we  have  held  in  veneration — still  lives  in  the  memory  of  man 
and  will  endure  through  the  eternal  ages,  in  the  roll  of  glorious 
achievements."  The  unveiling  of  the  monument  took  place  on 
Tuesday,  September  3rd,  1878.  In  respect  to  the  occasion  all 
the  business  houses  in  the  town  were  closed  and  the  principal 
streets  were  handsomely  decorated  with  flags,  mottoes  and  fes 
toons.  The  occasion  attracted  crowds  of  visitors  from  the  sur 
rounding  country,  as  well  as  from  the  neighboring  cities  and 
towns  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  In  addition  to  the 

—  276  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1882. 
Front  Royal,  Virginia. 


Danville  military  and  masonic  and  other  benevolent  orders  the 
procession  included  the  military  of  Knights  Templar  of  Lynch- 
burg.  The  Mayor  and  members  of  the  common  council,  the 
clergy,,  and  Judge  of  the  Corporation  Court,  Captain  John  S. 
Wise,  who  delivered  the  oration  on  the  occasion,  and  other  distin 
guished  invited  guests  occupied  carriages  at  the  head  of  the 
procession,  of  which  Captain  Harry  Harding  was  Chief  Marshal. 
Cornet  bands  from  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  and  Salem,  North 
Carolina,  supplied  the  music.  At  the  monument  the  ceremonies 
were  opened  with  prayer  by  Reverend  Alexander  Martin,  D.  D., 
after  which  Colonel  Thomas  S.  Flournoy  introduced  the  orator 
of  the  day,  Captain  Wise,  who  delivered  an  eloquent  and  touching 
address.  Taken  altogether  this  was  probably  the  grandest 
pageant  ever  witnessed  in  Danville  and  was  highly  gratifying 
to  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association.  The  chief  work  done  by 
the  Association  during  the  past  several  years  has  been  the  observ 
ance  of  Memorial  Day,  when  with  an  abundance  of  flowers  they 
beautify  their  section  in  Green  Hill  Cemetery. 

AUGUSTA  YATES. 


WARREN  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
FRONT  ROYAL,  VIRGINIA. 

The  Warren  Memorial  Association  of  Front  Royal,  Warren 
County,  Virginia,  was  organized  in  1868  with  an  original 
membership  of  sixty-one  ladies  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  our 
memorial  societies. 

The  locality  which  we  represent  is  limited  in  material 
resources,  but  rich  in  memories  of  our  great  struggle  for  Southern 
Independence,  this  vicinity  having  been  the  scene  of  some  of 
the  most  gallant  exploits  of  that  stirring  period. 

Thus  we  are  deeply  interested  in  preserving  the  records  and 
traditions  pertaining  to  those  heroes  who  fought  and  died  in 
defence  of  their  dearest  principles. 

Our  Association  has  by  individual  efforts  raised  and  expended 
thousands  of  dollars  in  collecting  and  re-interring  the  remains 
of  our  dead  soldiers — known  and  unknown.  We  have  secured 
and  beautified  an  ideal  resting  place  for  these;  have  caused 
marble  stones,  inscribed  with  their  names,  to  be  erected  over 
the  graves  of  those  who  could  be  identified;  while  over  a  large 


central  mound  where  sleep  one  hundred  and  sixty  unknown 
patriots,  we  have  reared  a  handsome  shaft  in  commemoration 
of  their  unselfish  heroism. 

Although  our  body  has  decreased  in  numbers  by  the  death  or 
removal  of  some  of  the  older  members  it  was  never  more  devoted 
or  earnest  in  its  efforts  than  now. 

Aware  that  we,  too,  before  the  lapse  of  many  years  must  cease 
from  our  labors,  we  are  anxious  that  the  succeeding  generation 
should  be  stimulated  to  continue  the  pious  work  we  have  begun. 
To  this  end  we  are  drawing  our  auxiliary  committees  from  the 
younger  members  of  the  community,  thus  giving  them  a  personal 
interest  in  the  work,  and  training  them  in  the  methods  required 
for  its  successful  accomplishment. 

This  is  but  one  phase  of  what  has  been  accomplished  by  our 
Association.  Aside  from  preserving  the  relics  and  memories 
of  the  past,  we  are  discharging  the  duties  usually  devolving  upon 
the  "  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy "  by  aiding  the  Camp  of 
Confederate  Veterans  located  here.  This  Camp  is  a  weak  one, 
growing  less  able  every  year  to  maintain  itself.  We  raise  an 
annual  amount  for  its  benefit,  helping  to  pay  rental  of  a  hall 
for  their  use  where  their  archives  may  be  kept,  and  assisting  the 
poorer  members  to  pay  their  fees  which  they  could  not  do  other 
wise.  In  fact  our  Association  might  be  called  the  "conservatory" 
of  the  Veterans'  Camp,  and  of  all  relating  to  the  honor  of  our 
cherished  "  Confederacy." 

As  an  evidence  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  our  Association 
by  the  Confederate  Veterans,  we  wish  to  state  that  the  beautiful 
monument  erected  here  three  years  ago  in  loving  memory  of  seven 
of  "  Mosby's  men,"  who  were  massacred  by  order  of  General 
Ouster,-  has  been  solemnly  committed  to  our  care,  by  the  surviv 
ing  members  of  that  command,  and  on  every  Memorial  Day  we 
decorate  this  monument  with  flowers  and  wreaths  of  evergreeen. 

The  officers  serving  at  present  are : 

Mrs.  S.  M.  Davis-Koy,  President;  Miss  Lucy  E.  Buck,  Vice- 
President;  Mrs.  Robert  Brockett,  Second  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
W.  C.  Weaver,  Secretary. 

I  trust  that  this  brief  record  may  be  worthy  of  a  place  in  the 
annals  of  our  Confederation  and  that  all  our  Councils  shall  be 
guided  by  Divine  Wisdom. 

MRS.  S.  M.  DAVIS-ROY, 

President. 


f   • 


TO  THE  MEMORY  OF   THE  V.  M.  I.  CADETS. 
Unveiled  1903,   Lexington,  Virginia. 


NEW  MARKET  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
LEXINGTON,  VIRGINIA. 

"  Sleeping,  but  glorious, 

Dead  in  Fame's  portal, 
Dead,  but  victorious, 
Dead,  but  immortal." 

JAMES  BARRON  HOPE. 

Since  the  glorious  victory  of  the  V.  M.  I.  Cadets  at  New 
Market,  May  15th,  1864,  it  has  been  the  sad  pleasure  of  the 
women  of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  to  decorate  the  graves 
of  these  heroes.  Only  a  few  were  doing  this  work  so  it  was 
decided  to  form  an  association  and  give  all  a  chance  to  do  them 
honor.  Our  efforts  met  with  success.  A  meeting  was  called 
on  May  28th,  1897,  at  Mrs.  GL  D.  Letcher's,  at  which  time  officers 
were  elected  and  sixty-one  members  enrolled. 

Officers :  Miss  Margaret  W.  Freeland,  President ;  Mrs.  Thomas 
Semmes,  First  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  Robert  Marr,  Second  Vice- 
President;  Miss  Rosa  Brooke,  Secretary. 

The  officers  of  said  Association  asked  the  Board  of  Visitors 
to  let  the  day  be  made  a  more  notable  one,  which  they  granted, 
with  directions  that  the  following  ceremonies,  which  are  most 
beautiful  and  impressive,  be  carried  out. 

That  hereafter,  as  in  the  past,  the  15th  of  May  in  each  year 
be  observed  as  Memorial  Day.  Suspension  of  all  Academic 
duties,  and  in  the  afternoon  in  place  of  Battalion  Parade,  the 
cadets  be  marched  to  the  Cadet  Cemetery  and  fire  three  volleys 
over  the  graves.  Ranks  are  then  broken;  the  band  plays,  at 
which  time  the  First  Class  form  in  column  of  twos  and  place 
flowers  on  the  graves;  then  the  entire  Corps  of  Cadets  and  the 
Citizens  of  Lexington  place  their  flowers  on  the  graves  of  the 
heroic  dead.  Eight  guns  are  fired  in  commemoration  of  the 
number  killed,  with  Minute  guns  during  the  ceremony. 

The  monument  which  was  unveiled  on  June  23rd,  1903,  is 
largely  due  to  the  untiring  efforts  of  the  ladies  of  the  New 
Market  Memorial  Association,  and  the  V.  M.  I.  Alumni  Com 
mittee  of  which  Mr.  G.  D.  Letcher  was  Chairman;  they  wrote 
to  all  the  Alumni  asking  aid.  Among  the  ladies  especial  credit 
is  due  Miss  Margaret  W.  Freeland,  who  unaided  raised  nearly 
one  thousand  dollars,  and  inspired  the  V.  M.  I.  Alumni  Associa 
tion  to  carry  the  work  forward.  Mrs.  R.  A.  Marr  threw  her 
energy  and  enthusiasm  into  the  movement  and  personally  raised 
considerable  funds.  The  Chairman  of  the  Alumni  Committee 


wrote  to  Sir  Moses  Ezekiel,  the  famous  Sculptor,,  who  was  one 
of  the  Cadets  in  the  battle,  and  he  gave  his  time  and  work,  which 
amounted  to  seven  thousand  dollars,  in  his  magnificent  work  of 
"  Virginia  Mourning  Her  Dead,"  which  he  had  kept  in  plaster 
all  these  years.  This  statue  in  bronze  is  placed  on  the  Parade 
Ground  in  front  of  Jackson  Memorial  Hall.  The  Eoster  Eoll 
is  on  bronze  tablets,  on  which  are  the  names  of  those  engaged  in 
the  battle. 

Every  cadet  in  that  Batallion  which  faced  death  in  the  terrible 
charge,  that  won  the  victory,  made  without  faltering  or  losing 
step  under  murderous  fire,  which  cut  down  about  a  fourth  in 
killed  and  wounded — every  cadet  in  it  wras  a  hero,  and  in 
this  design  a  hero's  monument  awaits  him. 

This  is  perhaps  the  only  monument  in  the  history  of  the 
world's  wars  commemorating  a  victory  won  by  a  battalion  of 
boys,  and  it  is  characteristic  of  the  heroism  and  devotion  of 
the  entire  South. 

"  They  gave  us  great  glory, 

What  more  could  they  give? 
They  left  us  a  story, 
A  story  to  live." 


LADIES'  BELIEF  HOSPITAL, 
LYXCHBUEG,  VIRGINIA. 

The  President  of  this  noble  institution,  born  of  the  war,  was 
Mrs.  Lucy  Mina  Otey  of  this  city,  a  woman  of  strong  character 
and  charming  personality.  Here  indeed,  she  has  left  behind 
a  splendid  record  of  her  usefulness  and  gentle  deeds.  Where 
in  the  whole  South,  is  her  name  not  known  and  mentioned 
with  reverence  and  love.  For  four  years  she  devoted  herself 
with  a  zeal  and  energy  that  never  wavered  to  the  care  and 
comfort  of  our  poor,  weary,  sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  Endowed 
with  administrative  talents  at  once  rare  and  wonderful,  and 
which  might  have  reflected  credit  and  honor  upon  one  of  the 
sterner  sex,  she  took  charge  of  the  Hospital  in  its  infancy 
in  the  year  1862,  and  when  it  was  but  a  struggling  institution, 
dependent  solely  upon  public  charity,  and  in  the  face  of  diffi 
culties  that  would  have  appalled  and  discouraged  one  of  weaker 
resolution,  she  succeeded  in  attracting  to  it  the  special  notice 
and  favor  of  the  Government,  and  establishing  for  it  a  name 

—  280  — 


MRS.  LUCY  MINA  OTEY, 

President  Ladies'  Relief  Hospital,  1862, 

Lynchburg,  Virginia. 


and  fame  replete  with  glory  of  noble  deeds,  and  sweet  womanly 
charities.  Truly,  a  debt  of  gratitude  was  created  throughout 
the  Confederacy,  for  her  unwearied  and  tender  care  of  sons, 
husbands,  fathers  and  brothers,  who  in  the  helplessness  of  dis 
ease  and  suffering  were  consigned  to  her  charge,  and  some  of 
whom  she  soothed  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death, 
when  there  was  no  mother  near  to  smooth  their  pillow,  and  no 
sister's  hand  to  wipe  the  cold  dew  from  their  dying  brows. 
With  a  courage  and  cheerfulness,  that  amounted  to  Spartan 
heroism,  she  gave  up  her  family  of  sons,  and  her  son-in-law, 
Capt.  John  Stewart  Walker,  to  the  active  service  of  her  beloved 
Southland.  Full  of  patriotism,  fortitude  and  courage,  she 
bade  each  of  them,  "Fight  first,  last  and  all  the  time  for  the 
glorious  flag  of  your  Country,  never  surrender,  but  in  death  or 
victory." 

With  noble  fortitude  and  endurance,  she  continued  her  labors 
at  the  Hospital  until  Southern  arms  were  at  last  laid  down 
and  Southern  hands  folded  before  the  conqueror.  When  the 
struggle  ended,  only  four  remained  of  the  seven  gallant  sons 
she  had  given  to  her  country's  service — three  noble  lives  were 
sacrificed  on  the  altar  of  duty — yet  she  was  never  heard  to 
utter  a  murmur,,  her  Christian  courage  was  equal  to  her  patrio 
tism.  In  her  church  she  was  conspicuous  for  the  zeal  and 
energy  with  which  she  nursed  every  scheme,  having  for  its 
object  the  advancement  and  welfare  of  the  Zion  she  loved. 
Prominent  in  all  benevolent  enterprises  and  social  reforms,  she 
left  a  name  eminently  associated  with  whatever  pertained  to 
the  good  of  her  race,  to  Temperance,  Patriotism  and  Charity. 
Mrs.  Lucy  Mina  Otey  was  the  widow  of  Captain  John  M. 
Otey. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION". 

Soon  after  the  war,  the  Ladies  of  Lynchburg,  organized  a 
Memorial  Association;  the  object  dear  to  the  hearts  of  every 
Southern  woman,  was  the  care  of  the  graves  of  the  Confederate 
Soldiers,  who  died  here,  or  who  were  brought  from  distant  bat 
tlefields.  Mrs.  Lucy  Mina  Otey  conceived  the  noble  purpose 
of  securing  an  appropriate  place,  and  setting  it  apart  for  the  last 
resting  place  of  Soldiers  of  the  Confederate  Army.  A  hand 
some  monument  was  erected  in  the  early  seventies  by  the  ladies 

—  281  — 


interested  in  this  niovment,  many  of  whom  have  long  since  past 
to  their  reward.  This  monument  stands  in  the  center  of  the 
soldiers7  section,  marking  the  graves  of  the  fallen  heroes,  from 
Maryland  and  Missouri,  to  Texas  and  Florida.  Three 
thousand  soldiers  sleep  here,  and  the  Memorial  Association,  of 
which  Mrs.  Kirkwood  Otey  is  President,  and  Mrs.  John  H. 
Lewis,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  will  have  head  stones  placed 
over  many  of  these  before  the  annual  Memorial  Day.  We  trust 
that  the  States  will  take  up  this  work,  as  assistance  should 
be  rendered  now,  as  we  fear  the  lessening  of  interest  in  the 
hearts  and  minds  of  those  who  were  not  participants.  We  com 
mend  this  thought  to  the  Legislators  of  the  different  States,  that 
they  may  have  an  interest  in  this  work,  and  the  Memorial 
Association  would  soon  be  enabled  to  complete  this  noble  work, 
of  preserving  and  protecting  the  graves  of  men,  from  very  South 
ern  State. 


LADIES'  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
MANASSAS,  VIRGINIA. 

The  "Ladies'  Memorial  Association"  of  Manassas  was  organ 
ized  May  25th,  1867,  with  Mrs.  Sara  Fewell,  President;  Mrs. 
Hannah  Lindsley,  Eecording  Secretary;  Mrs.  B.  D.  Merchant, 
Corresponding  Secretary;  Miss  Sallie  Johnson,  Treasurer;  and 
Miss  Mollie  Weedon,  Sub-Treasurer.  Articles  of  a  constitution, 
were  drawn  up  and  adopted.  The  object  of  the  society  being 
to  care  for  the  Confederate  Dead  and  to  instruct  children  as  to 
the  sacred  duty  of  remembering  and  caring  for  the  graves  of 
the  loved  and  lost — of  the  land  we  love;  and  the  duty  of  each 
officer,  or  any  one  who  might  hereafter  become  a  member,  should 
be,  to  urge  others  to  become  members.  Miss  Mary  Lipscomb, 
paid  the  first  dollar  to  the  Association,  making  her  an  Annual 
Member.  The  first  of  July  following,  the  pupils  of  "Clover 
Hill  School/'  taught  by  Mrs.  H.  Lindsley,  gave  an  entertain 
ment,  and  turned  $30.00  into  the  Treasury,  and  by  the  united 
voice  of  the  officers,  the  scholars  were  made  "Life  Members." 
The  following  is  a  list  of  their  names:  Annie  M.  Johnson, 
Howison  Hooe,  Eliza  A.  Corbett,  Virginia  Merchant,  Maggie 
Foley,  George  W.  Weedon,  Joseph  B.  Johnson,  Isabella  Corbett, 
Sallie  Cannon,  Willie  Merchant,  Mary  Foley,  Fannie  Fewell, 
Martha  Warren,  John  Fitsgerald,  Rebecca  Mankin,  Michael 


MRS.  KIRKWOOD  OTEY, 

President  Ladies'  Memorial  Association, 
Lynchburg,  Virginia. 


Fitsgerald,  Charles  E.  Brawner,  and  Ernest  Lindsley.  The 
same  month  there  were  added  to  our  number  as  Life  Members : 
Mrs.  Emily  E.  Johnson,  Mrs.  Jane  Merchant,  Miss  Josephine 
S.  T.  Cockrell,  Mrs.  Elmina  Cockrell,  Mrs.  B.  D.  Merchant,  and 
Judge  Charles  E.  Sinclair.  At  this  time,  the  late  W.  S.  Fewell, 
Esq.,  donated  to  the  Association,  one  acre  of  land  to  be  used  as 
a  "Confederate  Cemetery."  The  "Constitution"  of  the  organiza 
tion,  calling  for  an  "Advisory  Board,"  the  following  gentlemen 
were  elected:  W.  S.  Fewell,  Dr.  Carter  Berkley,  Lewis  Butler. 
F.  A.  Weedon,  J.  J.  Cockrell  and  William  C.  Merchant.  At  the 
first  regular  meeting  a  letter  of  thanks  was  received  by  the  Asso 
ciation  from  General  Eobert  E.  Lee  for  conferring  upon  him  an 
"  Honorary  Membership."  This  letter  is  treasured  among  the 
archives  of  the  Association. 

May  25th,  1868,  Mr.  J.  J.  Cockrell  was  made  "General 
Superintendent  of  the  Cemetery  and  Memorial  Affairs,"  and 
under  his  supervision  during  the  following  year,  the  ground 
was  plowed  and  harrowed  and  graded  with  two  wide  avenues, 
crossing  each  other  in  the  center,  dividing  the  acre  into  four 
squares,  with  two  wide  gateways,  surmounted  with  arches,  with 
the  inscriptions,  "  Confederate  Cemetery,"  painted  in  large, 
shaded  letters.  The  lot  was  inclosed  with  a  paling  or  picket 
fence,  painted  white  and  tipped  with  black;  there  were  two 
hundred  and  fifty  bodies  removed  and  re-interred  there;  the  re 
mains  of  soldiers  who  had  died  in  camp,  hospitals  or  adjacent 
farmhouses,  during  the  fall  of  '61  and  the  winter  of  '62.  No 
remains  were  brought  here  from  the  battle-field,  they  were  cared 
for  by  the  Groveton  Association  of  Prince  William  County.  Mr. 
J.  J.  Cockrell  tendered  to  the  Board  of  Officers  his  resignation 
April  16th,  1869,  and  Mr.  C.  H.  A.  Weedon  was  appointed  in  his 
stead. 

During  the  summer  of  this  year  the  young  ladies  and  gentle 
men  of  Manassas  and  vicinity  formed  a  Dramatic  Club,  known 
as  the  "  Memorial  Aid  Society,"  their  object  being  to  raise  funds 
to  help  the  "Memorial  Association"  in  their  laborious  under 
taking;  and  after  a  series  of  entertainments  given  in  Manassas, 
Dumfries  and  Occoquan,  they  turned  over  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Association  sixty-three  dollars  and  thirty-five  cents 
($63.35).  The  members  of  this  "Aid  Society"  who  were  not 
connected  with  the  Association  as  "  Life  Members,"  were :  Dr. 
J.  W.  Hornbaker,  Eobert  Waters,  W.  H.  Wigginton,  J.  E. 

—  283^- 


Brawner,  George  W.  Johnson,  Miss  Annie  Weir,  Miss  Cattie 
Hickerson,  Bertie  Weir,  Lizzie  Weir  and  Mary  Weir.  By  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  Association,  these  were  made  "  Life 
Members."  Under  the  supervision  of  Superintendent  C.  H.  A. 
Weedon,  the  headboards  for  marking  the  graves  were  set,  painted 
white  with  name  and  regiment  in  black  letters,  wherever  they 
could  be  ascertained.  When  a  stone  was  found  with  a  letter  or 
inscription,  the  stone  was  moved  and  reset  in  place  of  a  new 
headboard.  Over  one-half  were  marked  "  Unknown." 

A  large  circular  mound  was  built  in  the  center  of  the  lot 
where  the  avenues  were  intersected  with  three  terraces  on  which 
to  plant  flowers,  a  border  three  feet  wide,  and  a  walkway  were 
made  around  the  entire  cemetery,  next  to  the  fence;  the  border 
was  also  intended  for  flowers,  and  the  ladies  of  the  Association 
planted  many  there.  Among  the  donations  of  shade  trees  that 
wore  planted  were  six  white  pines  by  Mr.  Moses  Hixon,  a  gray- 
haired  father,  who  had  lost  a  son  in  battle.  He  brought  them  in 
his  arms  and  planted  them  with  his  own  hands;  to-day  there  is 
only  one  standing  uninjured. 

The  Cemetery  up  to  this  time  had  cost  $626.16.  Money  raised 
by  entertainments,  life-member  fees,  donations,  and  one  dinner 
given  by  a  number  of  gentlemen  on  July  21st,  1868.  As  an  or 
ganization  or  society,  the  ladies  of  Manassas  have  had  a  great 
deal  to  contend  with;  their  homes  and  the  surrounding  country 
left  a  barren  waste  by  the  devastating  hand  of  war — nothing  but 
blackened  chimneys  marked  the  site  of  once  happy  homes.  The 
necessity  of  re-building  was  a  heavy  burden  on  the  impover 
ished  people,  yet  under  many  difficulties  they  never  ceased  in 
their  efforts  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  those  who  had  "  passed 
over  the  river  "  and  were  resting  under  the  shade  of  the  trees. 

In  1873  a  bill  passed  the  General  Assembly  of  Virginia  (in 
troduced  by  George  C.  Eound,  of  Prince  William  County),  and 
called  "  House  Bill  94,"  that  "  Hannah  L.  Johnson,  Harriet 
Hixon,  Sallie  E.  Johnson,  Josie  S.  T.  Brawner,  Mollie  H.  Weedon 
and  the  life  members  associated  with  them,  are  hereby  incorpor- 
cited  under  the  name  and  style  of  Ladies'  Memorial  Associa 
tion  of  Manassas,  and  shall  be  invested  with  perpetual  succession 
and  in  all  respects  shall  be  invested  with  rights  and  privileges 
conferred  and  subject  to  the  restrictions  and  regulations  pre 
scribed  for  corporations  in  the  Code  of  Virginia.  The  said 
Association  shall  have  power  to  receive  donations,  and  to  hold 

—  284  — 


any  land,  heretofore  or  hereafter  conveyed  to  them,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  maintaining  a  cemetery  for  the  Confederate  Dead,  with 
power  to  remove,  bury  and  properly  care  for  the  same,  and  with 
power  to  dispose  of  any  land  conveyed  to  them  not  necessary 
for  the  purpose  aforenamed,  and  to  appropriate  the  proceeds 
thereof,  to  effect  the  objects  of  the  Association  as  herein  be 
fore  named." 

During  the  year  of  1874,  the  officers  of  the  Association  found 
that  their  beautiful  fence  and  arches  were  beginning  to  decay — 
that  the  palings  in  several  places  along  the  railroad  had  to  be 
replaced.  In  April  of  this  year  the  Association  was  approached 
with  a  proposition  from  the  Town  Council  of  Manassas  for  the 
control  of  the  vacant  ground,  or,  in  other  words,  the  whole 
Cemetery,  to  direct  how  it  should  be  beautified  and  fenced,  as 
they  proposed  to  purchase  the  land  lying  between  the  Memorial 
Cemetery  and  the  County  road  for  a  Citizens'  Cemetery,  if  the 
Association  would  give  up  to  them  the  control  of  the  Confed 
erate  Cemetery,  as  they  wished  to  beautify  them  alike.  A  meet 
ing  was  called  as  "  per  request/'  but  the  proposition  was  unani 
mously  rejected.  The  Spring  of  187G  found  the  Cemetery  in- 
closure  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  the  whole  line  of  fence  along 
the  railroad  was  gone.  Acting  with  the  advice  of  the  Chair 
man  of  the  Advisory  Board  (Mr.  William  S.  Fewell)  the  Asso 
ciation  sold  two  family  lots  to  citizens  and  replaced  the  palings 
with  a  "  White  Oak  "  plank  fence. 

May  25th,  1879,  found  the  Cemetery  without  any  enclosure — 
palings  and  planks  all  gone,  and  the  Association  seeing  the  ne 
cessity  of  something  more  substantial  than  wood,  appointed  a 
committee  to  solicit  subscriptions  in  different  sections  of  the 
State  and  elsewhere,  to  enclose  it  with  a  stone  wall  or  iron  fence ; 
it  was  thought  that  a  wall  would  cost  less,  as  suitable  stone  could 
be  obtained  from  the  Brown  Stone  Quarries  near  by. 

May  25th,  1882,  the  Constitution  was  amended,  and  Article 
III.  made  to  read  "Application  for  membership  shall  be  sub 
mitted  in  writing,"  and  many  new  Life  Members  were  added  to 
the  organization.  The  following  is  a  list : 

Mrs.  C.  li.  Whittington,  Hon.  E.  E.  Meredith,  Mrs.  W.  E. 
Lipscomb,  Mrs.  J.  Wilkins,  Mrs.  Maggie  Barber,  R.  W.  Mer 
chant,  J.«B.  Thornton,  Inez  White,  B.  B.  Merchant,  William  C. 
Merchant,  J.  J.  Cockrell,  Mrs.  T.  S.  Read,  J.  R.  Tillet,  Dr.  C. 
C.  Barbour,  J.  C.  Weems,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Wecms,  Charles  H.  Whit 
tington,  L.  A.  Larkin,  H.  N".  Brawner,  L.  Butler,  William  C. 

—  285  — 


Fewell,  W.  H.  Francis,  Judge  W.  E.  Lipscomb,  J.  J.  Davis^ 
Augusta  A.  Hornbaker,  F.  M.  Houchens,  C.  L.  Hynson,  G. 
G.  Galleher,  Ella  Broders,  H.  F.  Lynn,  W.  W.  Thornton,  F.  A. 
Weedon. 

In  1883  the  stone  wall  was  commenced  and  nearly  completed 
when  the  work  was  stopped  for  want  of  funds. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Association,  March  2nd,  1887, 
it  was  resolved  that  instead  of  completing  the  wall  that  was  be 
gun,  all  the  bodies  now  in  the  cemetery  and  as  many  more  as 
may  be  found,  shall  be  put  in  one  place  and  a  monument  be 
erected  over  them,  and  a  substantial  iron  fence  put  around  it." 

Early  in  the  year  of  1888  a  monument  of  Brown  stone  was 
commenced,  the  corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  with  Masonic 
ceremonies. 

In  June  of  this  year  the  Association  received  an  apropriation 
from  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  of  $1,000.00.  At  a  meeting 
of  the  Association,  May  22nd,  1899,  it  was  "  resolved  that  the 
third  Article  of  the  Constitution  be  so  amended  that  persons 
could  become  life  members  by  the  payment  of  one  dollar,"  and 
that  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  should  become  members 
to  the  number  'of  fifteen,  the  said  Daughters  having  expended 
the  sum  of  $15.00  on  the  Cemetery  grounds;  the  following  mem 
bers  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  were  received  as  life 
members,  on  payment  of  one  dollar. 

Mrs.  Jennie  Wolfe,  Mrs.  Lucy  Arlington,  Miss  Maud  Johnson, 
Miss  Selina  Wolfe,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Johnson,  Miss  Thedo  Waters,  Miss 
Florence  Kinchelo,  Mrs.  Sylvia  Meredith,  Miss  Lizzie  Larkin, 
Miss  Lillie  Hixon,  Misses  Clara  and  Bertie  Lam,  Miss  Erne 
Nelson,  Miss  Florence  Herrell,  Mrs.  Contee  Meredith,  Mrs. 
Susan  Hutchinson. 

During  the  year  1889,  our  efforts  were  crowned  with  success, 
the  monument  to  the  Confederate  Dead  was  unveiled  on  August 
31st,  1889.  The  orators  on  that  memorable  occasion  were  Gen. 
W.  Henry  Fitz  Lee  (the  son  of  our  immortal  Robert  E.  Lee), 
and  Major  John  Daniel,  of  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  at  present 
representing  his  district  in  the  United  States  Senate.  These 
distinguished  Veterans,  with  Generals  Payne,  Scott,  Blackwell 
and  others,  added  much  to  the  impressive  ceremony  by  their 
presence,  and  stirring,  patriotic  addresses. 

For  the  last  two  years,  1902  and  1903,  the  Association  has 
received  an  appropriation  from  the  State  of  fifty  dollars  each 
year  to  be  expended  in  caring  for  the  Cemetery.  The  first 

—  286  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1889. 
Manassas,  Virginia. 


thing  to  bo  considered  was  to  enclose  the  two  sides  opening  into 
the  Citizens'  Cemetery  so  as  to  prevent  the  grounds  from  being 
driven  over  and  used  as  a  "Parking  Place"  for  vehicles,  in  time 
of  funerals,  so  now  we  have  an  artistic  iron  post  fence,  the  posts 
eight  feet  apart  and  connected  with  one  rail  of  iron  piping,  and 
adds  much  to  the  looks  of  the  place,  the  other  two  sides — one 
lying  along  the  railroad  and  Western  side,  are  enclosed  with  a 
woven  wire  fence,  but  the  Association  hopes  sometime  in  the 
near  future  to  be  able  to  put  a  substantial  iron  fence  in  lieu  of 
the  wire.  The  monument  is  built  of  brown  building  stone  with 
four  marble  tablets — only  one  half  of  the  ground  is  occupied, 
and  the  monument  is  built  on  one  half  of  that;  at  a  recent  meet 
ing  it  was  agreed  that  one  half  of  the  other  half,  making  one- 
fourth  of  an  acre — be  set  apart  and  reserved  for  the  resting 
place  of  any  ex-Confederate  soldier  who  might  wish  to  be  buried 
there.  The  Association  hopes  by  some  means  to  raise  funds  to 
place  a  bronze  figure  of  a  soldier  "at  rest"  on  his  arms  on  the 
apex  of  the  monument. 

Each  returning  spring  they,  together  with  the  Ewell  Camp  of 
Confederate  Veterans  and  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  repair 
to  the  cemetery  and  strew  the  graves  with  flowers.  The  Daugh 
ters  of  the  Confederacy  have  erected  a  "Eustic  Speakers'  Stand  :) 
near  the  monument,  and  they  try  to  have  some  gifted  orator 
each  Memorial  Day  to  remind  the  aged  and  show  forth  to  the 
young  what  the  occupants  of  these  honored  graves  laid  down 
their  lives  for. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  names  who  have  been  officers  of  the 

LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION  or  MANASSAS. 

Presidents. — Mrs.  Sarah  Fewell,  Mrs.  Hannah  L.  Johnson, 
Mrs.  Theresa  Eead,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Weems,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Barber,  Mrs. 
B.  D.  Merchant,  Miss  Lizzie  Larkin,  Mrs.  Thurston  Wolfe, 
Mrs.  William  E.  Lipscomb. 

V ice-Presidents. — Mrs.  B.  D.  Merchant,  Mrs.  Harriet  Hixon, 
Mrs.  Hannah  L.  Johnson,  Mrs.  W.  E.  Lipscomb,  Miss  Sallie  E. 
Johnson,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Weems,  Mrs.  Maggie  Barbour,  Miss  Florence 
Kinchelo,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Barber,  Miss  Lizzie  Larkin. 

Recording  Secretaries. — Hannah  L.  Lindsley,  Sallie  E.  John 
son,  J.  S.  T.  Brawner,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Weems,  Mrs.  L.  A.  Larkin, 
Maud  M.  Johnson. 

Corresponding  Secretaries. — Mrs.  B.  D.  Merchant,  Sallie  E. 
Johnson,  Maggie  Foley,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Barbour,  Mrs.  C.  E, 
Brawner,  Miss  Lillie  Hixon,  Mrs.  T.  Wolfe. 

—  287  — 


Treasurers. — Sallie  E.  Johnson,  M.  H.  Weedon,  C.  E. 
Brawner,  H.  Hixon,  Mrs.  S.  Hutchinson,  G.  W.  Johnson. 

Officers  for  the  present  year  are:  Mrs.  W.  E.  Lipscomb, 
President;  Miss  Flora  Kincheloe,  Vice-President ;  Mrs.  W. 
Hutchinson,  Treasurer;  Miss  Maud  Johnson,  Recording  Secre 
tary;  Mrs.  Jennie  Ashby  Wolfe,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Mrs. 
George  Johnson,  Historian. 


LADIES'  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
PETERSBURG,  VIRGINIA. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Asociation  of  Petersburg,  Virginia,  was 
organized  May  6th,  1866.  The  women  of  Petersburg,  in  a 
measure  recovering  from  the  sorrows  of  a  war,  to  which  they  gave 
their  all,  on  this  date  met  together  to  devise  means  to  perpetuate 
their  gratitude  and  admiration  for  those  who  died  defending 
homes  and  loved  ones. 

The  Association  was  organized  and  the  following  officers 
were  elected:  President,  Mrs.  Wm.  T.  Joynes;  Six  Vice-Presi 
dents;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Stephen  Fenn;  Corresponding 
Secretary,  Mrs.  John  Wyche ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Keiley. 

After  election  of  officers  the  following  was  resolved : 

First.  That  any  lady  might  become  a  member  by  paying  50 
cents  a  month.  Honorary  member  of  either  sex,  without  the 
right  to  vote,  on  payment  of  $10.00. 

!_  Second.  That  we  invite  the  co-operation  of  friends  in  the 
country  and  elsewhere,  suggesting  that  they  form  similar  socie 
ties. 

Third.  That  our  efforts  shall  not  be  confined  to  the  dead  of  our 
city  alone;  but  information  will  be  sought  and  aid  extended 
whenever  necessary  to  do  like  honor  to  all  the  noble  martyrs  to 
this  cause,  who  are  buried  around  us. 

Fourth.  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  visit  every  burial 
spot  within  our  reach  to  mark  more  distinctly  the  names  which 
are  rapidly  being  obliterated. 

These  committees  were  appointed  and  acted  on  this  resolu 
tion.  At  a  meeting  held  May  30th,  was  discussed  the  proper 
celebration  of  the  9th  of  June,  the  anniversary  of  the  noble 
defence  of  our  city  by  the  Reserves,  many  of  whom  fell  on  that 
day.  By  a  unanimous  vote  it  was  decided  to  make  this,  the 
.9th  of  June,  a  permanent  Memorial  Day. 

—  288  — 


CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT, 

Unveiled  1890. 
Petersburg.  Virginia. 


At  a  meeting  on  the  6th  of  June,  a  resolution  was  adopted  as 
follows : 

Resolved,  That  we  will  collect  the  bones  of  our  brave  soldiers, 
now  bleaching  before  Fort  Steadman,  and,  as  a  part  of  the  Memo 
rial  Day  service,  inter  them  within  the  enclosure  of  "  Old  Bland- 
ford  Church  Cemetery,"  with  all  that  honor  and  love  due  from 
us  to  those  heroes,  who  helped  to  defend  our  homes. 

Captain  Pegrain  made  an  address  and  Eeverend  J.  C.  Gran- 
berry  offered  the  prayer.. 

The  following  ladies  were  chosen  to  direct  the  four  divisions 
of  the  Association  so  that  not  one  grave  should  be  neglected: 
Mrs.  W.  S.  Simpson,  Jr.,  Mrs.  E.  G.  Pegrain,  Mrs.  David 
Callendar  and  Mrs.  David  Dugger. 

These  graves  were  scattered  all  around  the  city. 

At  a  meeting  in  the  following  October  it  was  resolved  to  ask 
the  Common  Council  of  our  city  to  appropriate,  free  of  charge 
to  the  Association,  as  much  ground  in  "Old  Blandford  Cemetery" 
as  might  be  necessary  in  which  to  bury  the  dead  scattered  around 
our  city;  thus  gathering  in  one  spot  our  beloved  dead  that  they 
might  in  the  future  be  cared  for  by  this  Association.  This 
petition  when  presented  was  granted,  and  under  the  shade  of  the 
trees  of  this  hallowed  spot  sleep  25,000  heroes. 

After  the  labor  of  gathering  from  field  and  forest  these 
remains,  the  next  work  of  the  Association  was  the  erection  of 
an  Arch  at  the  entrance  of  the  grounds,  on  the  front  of  which 
is  inscribed  "  Our  Confederate  Dead,"  and  on  the  opposite  side : 
"  Waiting  the  Reveille."  Several  years  after  a  granite  shaft  was 
completed  and  dedicated  to  the  Confederate  Dead. 

This  monument,  which  was  unveiled  on  June  9th,  1890,  was 
reared  by  the  efforts  of  devoted  women,  and  speaks  most 
eloquently  to  all  the  South,  that  the  ashes  of  its  sons  resting 
within  the  shadow  of  this  battle-crowned  city,  are  ever  guarded 
by  tender  hearts. 

The  monument  stands  admirably  located  on  Memorial  Hill 
facing  northward,  in  the  bosom  of  whose  grassy  slopes  sleep 
the  heroes  whose  memory  it  honors.  Looking  to  the  southeast 
in  full  view,  is  Eeve's  farm,  where,  in  June,  '64,  grey-haired 
sires  and  chivalric  youths  of  our  city  heroically  yielded  life  for 
altars  and  homes.  Half  a  mile  nearer  in  the  same  direction  is 
"  the  Crater,"  the  field  of  combat  that  gave  additional  lustre  to 
the  fame  of  Petersburg's  defence,  while  a  few  hundred  yards 

—  289  — 


away,  almost  in  a  direct  line  with  its  east  face,  yet  remain  the 
ruins  of  Fort  Steadman,  the  scene  of  Lee's  last  and  splendid 
effort  to  relieve  our  beleagured  city. 

The  site  itself  was  often  swept  by  shot  and  shell,  and  it  was 
also  the  objective  point  of  assaulting  Federal  columns  on  the 
morning  of  June  30th,  1864.  The  monument,  foundation  and 
super-structure  is  of  Virginia  granite,  taken  from  the  Asylum 
quarry  near  this  city.  The  monument,  square  in  form,  is  in 
seven  sections  above  the  ground. '  A  heavy  base  and  two  sub- 
bases,  graduating  in  size  and  aggregating  five  feet  in  height;  a 
die  with  projecting  cap  six  feet;  a  shaft  with  beveled  edges 
twelve  and  a  half  feet,  and  cap-stone  one  foot,  making  the  total 
height  of  the  Memorial  column  about  twenty-five  feet. 

On  the  four  faces  of  the  die  are  polished  tablets  bearing  in 
scriptions,  and  on  the  north  side  of  the  front  of  the  monument, 
the  second  base  bears  in  large  capital  letters  in  relief,  "  Con 
federate  Dead."  On  the  third  or  upper  base  is  inscribed  the 
couplet : 

"  Plant  the  fair  column  o'er  the  vacant  grave ; 
A  hero's  honor  let  a  hero  have." 

On  this  face  of  the  die  is  emblazoned  the  coat  of  arms  of 
Virginia,  above  on  the  die  projection,  "  1861-'65,"  and  the  cap 
stone  bears  the  legend  "  Gloria  Victis." 

The  Southern  tablet  has  the  names  of  the  States  composing  the 
Confederacy  and  on  the  base  under  it :  "  Erected  by  the  Peters 
burg  Ladies'  Memorial  Association."  A  beautiful  shield  in 
scribed,  "  The  Crater,  July  30th,  1864,"  adorns  the  east  front. 
The  west  face,  next  the  city,  has  the  names  of  the  patriots  who 
fell  on  the  9th  of  June,  1864.  The  statue  of  the  soldier  is  of 
bronze,  the  figure  of  a  Confederate  soldier,  six  feet  high,  "  ac- 
countred  as  a  private  of  infantry,  a  full  cartridge  box,  lightly 
filled  haversack,  rolled  blanket,  canteen  and  old  slouch  hat" 
that  in  the  days  gone  by  waved  the  measure  of  the  yell  of  "Johnny 
Reb." — the  fiercest  war-cry  that  ever  smote  a  foeman's  ear. 

A  handsome  granite  curbing  encloses  the  grassy  area  in  the 
center  of  which  the  monument  stands.  The  cost  of  the  whole 
approximates  $4,000. 

The  officers  of  this  association  are :  President,  Mrs.  H.  Van  L. 
Bird;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  David  Callendar;  Corresponding 
Secretary,  Mrs.  Richard  Gill ;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Shelton 

—  290  — 


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Chieves;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  T.  I.  Gills,  Jr.;  Treasurer  Blandford 
Memorial  fund,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Kirkham. 

This  Association  numbers  sixty-five  members,  and  has,  with 
unfaltering  devotion,  despite  the  poverty  that  came  with  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  the  cruel  period  of  reconstruction,  year  by 
year  made  its  pilgrimage  to  these  sacred  graves,  decorated  the 
sod  with  beautiful  flowers  of  spring,  and  by  religious  ceremonies 
and  fervid  oratory  endeavored  to  keep  alive  unto  their  children 
and  children's  children  the  holy  recollections  of  the  Confederate 
Cause.  It  has  done,  in  the  language  of  Scripture,  "what  it 
could/'  and  the  soldiers'  section  of  Blandford  Cemetery  for 
thirty-six  years  has  received  at  the  hands  of  the  Association  the 
tender  care  which  is  always  due  to  the  brave  at  the  hands  of  the 
fair. 

The  last  work  of  the  Association  conceived  at  the  beginning 
of  this  20th  Century  is  the  making  of  a  Mortuary  Memorial 
Chapel  of  "Old  Blandford  Church/' 

The  Association  lias  restored  to  its  original  plan  this  old 
structure,  which  will  be  for  every  Southern  State  a  non-sectarian 
mortuary  memorial  chapel,  carrying  down  to  ages  yet  to  come 
the  story  of  a  nation's  birth  and  early  death.  This  work  has 
been  done  by  the  members  of  the  Association,  the  Veterans  of 
Petersburg,  and  their  sons  and  daughters;  but  around  this  spot 
lie  thousands  of  the  heroes  of  every  one  of  the  Confederate 
States,  from  Maryland  to  the  Lone  Star  of  Texas,  and,  know 
ing  of  the  love  that  our  sons  and  daughters  bear  to  our  dead 
heroes,  this  memorial  would  not  be  complete  without  their  sym 
pathy  and  co-operation,  and  therefore,  it  is  asked  that  each  State 
place  a  memorial  window  in  this  church.  Virginia  and  Missouri 
have  each  contributed  a  window,  and  the  Washington  Artillery 
of  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  also  has  contributed  a  window,  dedi 
cated  to  the  "Members  of  the  Washington  Artillery,  who  gave 
their  lives  for  the  Confederate  Cause."  This  window  will  have  for 
its  central  decoration,  the  great  Apostle  St.  Paul,  surmounted 
by  the  badge  of  the  Washington  Artillery,  with  its  motto :  "  Try 
Us,"  substituted  for  the  usual  Seal  of  State. 

We  ask  the  endorsement  of  the  Camps  of  Confederate  Veterans 
and  their  recommendation  to  the  Memorial  Associations,  Sons 
and  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  and  kindred  organizations  of 
this  Southern  land,  that  each  remaining  State  contribute  a 
memorial  window  to  be  placed  in  this  old  church  to  commemorate 
the  mighty  deeds  wrought  in  their  behalf. 

—  291  — 


Here,  where  the  great  struggle  was  fought  to  its  close;  where 
thousands  of  our  soldiers  fell  and  are  buried ;  let  this  old  church, 
rejuvenated  and  re-adorned,  stand  a  silent  sentinel  over  these 
countless  graves,  and  when  the  sons  and  the  daughters  of  the 
Confederacy,  from  whatever  State  they  may  come,  wend  their 
steps  toward  this  shrine  and  view  their  handiwork,  a  melancholy 
pride  will  fill  their  hearts  for  duty  well  performed  to  those  who 
fought  for  constitutional  liberty  and  law. 

In  holding  our  last  annual  memorial  service,  on  the  ninth 
of  June,  we  were  gratified  to  note  the  fact,  one  most  creditable, 
not  only  to  the  people  of  our  city,  but  to  the  whole  of  our  dear 
Southland,  that  thirty-seven  years  after  the  first  struggle  for 
Southern  independence,  popular  interest  in  the  annual  Confeder 
ate  Memorial  Day  celebration,  so  far  from  diminishing,  is 
steadily  increasing.  The  younger  generation,  proud  of  their 
heritage,  have  taken  up  the  work  begun  by  their  parents,  of  keep 
ing  green  the  graves  of  the  Confederate  Dead. 


LADIES'  MEMOKIAL  AID  ASSOCIATION, 
PORTSMOUTH,  VIRGINIA. 

Probably  the  first  organization  for  nursing  the  Confederate 
soldiers  originated  in  Portsmouth,  Virginia,  in  the  spring  of 
1861.  Soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  Southern  troops  the  numer 
ous  camps  around  the  city  were  attacked  with  various  diseases. 
The  accounts  of  the  sad  condition  of  these  brave  men  who  had 
sacrificed  so  much  in  our  behalf,  aroused  the  women  of  Ports 
mouth  to  make  an  effort  to  ameliorate  their  condition.  A  meet 
ing  of  the  most  prominent  ladies  of  the  community  resulted 
in  the  formation  of  a  society  to  nurse  the  sick  Confederate 
soldiers  from  the  Southern  States.  The  following  is  a  verbatim 
copy  of  the  circular  sent  out  to  solicit  aid  from  our  citizens : 

"  THE  SISTERS  OF  MERCY." 

"  The  ladies  of  Portsmouth,  desirous  to  do  all  that  they  can 
to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  the  sick  strangers  who  have  so 
nobly  left  their  homes  and  come  to  the  defence  of  Virginia, 
have  formed  themselves  into  a  society  called  e  The  Sisters  of 
Mercy/  They  will  nurse  the  sick  either  at  the  hospital  or  at  any 
other  place  in  the  city,  to  which  they  may  be  conveyed;  will 

—  292  — 


MRS.  ELIZA  BILISOLY, 

Portsmouth,  Virginia. 


prepare  nourishment,  and  do  all  in  their  power  to  promote  the 
comfort  and  health  of  their  patients. 

"  Managers— Mrs.  W.  II.  Wilson,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Bilisoly,  Mrs. 
Fanny  Tomes,  Mrs.  J.  C.  White,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Tatem,  Mrs. 
Abbie  K.  Staples,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Bourdette,  Mrs.  M.  W.  Armis- 
tead,  Mrs.  W.  C.  Smith,  Mrs.  Pinner,  Mrs.  C.  A.  Grice,  Mrs.  E. 
Coybell,  Mrs.  Bettie  Parrish  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Orr." 

This  appeal  met  with  a  generous  response  from  all  classes  of 
society,  and  the  ladies  went  to  work  with  skill,  energy  and 
devotion  to  make  the  affair  a  success.  Many  of  the  sick  soldiers 
were  boarding  at  the  Ocean  House,  and  the  first  few  weeks  after 
the  society  was  organized  the  ladies  devoted  their  time  to  nurs 
ing  these  men.  They  were  unfortunate  in  this  attempt,  and  after 
losing  two  patients  they  determined  to  open  a  house  exclusively 
under  their  own  control,  which  should  combine  the  comforts  of 
a  home  with  the  care  and  attention  of  a  well-kept  hospital.  In 
accordance  with  this  plan,  they  made  efforts  to  secure  a  suitable 
building  and  arranged  matters  to  place  the  society  on  a  working 
basis.  The  American  House,  a  large  unfurnished  building 
formerly  used  as  a  hotel,  was  placed  at  their  disposal,  and  with 
busy  hands  and  warm  hearts  the  ladies  went  rapidly  to  work. 

All  the  essentials  necessary  to  a  comfortable  home  were  soon 
collected.  The  officers  of  the  Georgia  regiments  gave  substan 
tial  aid  by  detaching  men  to  assist  in  the  heavier  work  of  nursing. 
On  the  8th  of  June,  1861,  "The  Hospital  of  the  Sisters  of 
Mercy  "  was  ready  for  the  first  installment  of  sick  Confederates. 

The  work  was  arranged  systematically,  and  it  has  often  been 
said,  that  at  no  time  during  the  war,  was  more  devoted  work 
carried  out  more  quietly  and  unostentatiously.  To  each  day 
of  the  week  two  managers  were  appointed,  whose  duty  it  was  to 
provide  the  meals  for  that  day,  see  that  the  sick  were  well 
attended,  visit  patients,  give  such  care  as  they  needed,  superin 
tend  the  servants, '  provide  tempting  dishes  for  those  whose 
appetites  could  not  take  the  usual  nourishment,  in  fact,  from 
early  morn  until  9  p.  M.,  become  house  mothers  to  that  suffering 
band  so  far  awa}^  from  their  homes  and  loved  ones.  The  town  was 
divided  into  districts,  and  to  each  manager  certain  streets  were 
assigned  and  from  contributors  on  those  streets  the  meals  for 
that  day  were  furnished.  In  this  manner  most  of  the  meals 
were  provided  by  the  housekeepers  ready  cooked.  Several  ladies 
tending  breakfast,  many  more  dinner  and  others  supper.  The 


merchants  sent  uncooked  provisions,  the  Commissary  furnished 
the  sick  with  rations.  Those  of  our  ladies  whose  circumstances 
did  not  allow  them  to  contribute,  were  glad  to  help  the  cause 
by  cooking  the  provisions  thus  provided.  In  this  manner  a 
large  amount  of  well-cooked  nourishment  was  always  ready. 
Such  breakfasts,  such  dinners,  such  suppers  as  found  their  way 
to  that  American  House,  could  only  be  found  in  Southern  homes 
in  ante-bellum  times.  Each  contributor  seemed  to  vie  with  the 
others  as  to  who  should  send  most  and  best.  Those  were  the 
early  days  of  the  Confederacy.  Hope  sat  at  every  hearth-stone, 
smiling  faces  and  bright  eyes  talked  of  war,  but  knew  it  not. 
The  days  of  fat  bacon,  black-eyed  peas  and  rye  coffee  were  yet 
in  the  dim  future ;  but  when  the  darkness  came,  the  same  hearts 
and  hands  were  found  just  as  earnest,  just  as  faithful,  just  as 
devoted,  and  to  none  in  history  can  a  higher  place  be  given  than 
to  the  women  of  the  South.  From  the  8th  of  June,  1861, 
when  the  first  sick  soldier  was  admitted,  until  the  evacuation  of 
Portsmouth  in  May,  1863,  the  hospital  was  successfully  carried 
on.  The  number  of  patients  received  was  large  and  the  death 
rate  remarkably  small;  the  list  before  me  containing  the  names 
of  one  hundred  and  forty-nine  admissions  up  to  August  1st, 
1861.  In  March,  1862,  the  ladies  were  requested  by  Dr.  Black- 
noil  to  transfer  their  labors  to  the  U.  S.  Naval  Hospital  at  that 
time  being  used  by  the  Confederate  authorities  as  a  Govern 
ment  Hospital.  After  some  debate  and  hesitation,  the  Society 
decided  to  agree  to  his  request.  The  American  House  was  given 
up  and  the  organization  bestowed  its  attention  on  the  sick  at 
this  hospital.  When  the  evacuation  of  Portsmouth  occurred 
six  wounded  soldiers  were  left  to  the  care  of  these  ladies,  who 
removed  them  to  private  houses  and  nursed  them  until  their 
recovery. 

During  the  dark  days  of  Federal  occupancy  the  needy  wives 
and  children  of  our  absent  soldiers  were  supplied  with  food  and 
other  necessities  from  the  scanty  stores  of  this  brave  and  devoted 
band.  After  the  surrender,  the  society  found  its  "  occupation 
gone,"  but  its  spirit  still  lived.  On  the  12th  of  June,  1866, 
these  faithful  women  met  together  and  organized  "  The  Ladies' 
Memorial  Aid  Association  of  Portsmouth,  Virginia,"  whose 
object  was  to  care  for  and  decorate  the  graves  of  the  Confederate 
soldiers  in  the  three  cemeteries  near  this  city;  to  erect  a  suitable 
monument  to  their  memory,  and  specially  to  aid  the  indigent 

—  294  — 


widows  and  orphans,  of  those  who  had  given  their  lives  in  defence 
of  the  South.  Those  enrolled  were:  President,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Bili- 
soly;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  James  C.  White,  Mrs.  E.  Coybell; 
Secretary,  Mrs.  Win.  H.  Wilson;  Eecording  Secretary,  Miss  Ida 
Cocke. 

Managers:  Mrs.  James  W.  Cooke,  Mrs  Mary  A.  Tatem, 
Mrs,  Charles  Jenkins,  Mrs.  Lemuel  Cleaves,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Eeed, 
Mrs.  Caroline  Sherwood,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Bilisoly,  Mrs.  Miles 
Minter,  Mrs.  Abbie  K.  Staples,  Mrs.  Caroline  Moore,  Mrs.  Moss 
Armistead,  Mrs.  Virginia  Edwards,  Miss  Emma  Hodges,  Miss 
Mary  Bennett,  Miss  Nannie  Murdaugh.  In  addition  to  these 
Managers  (or  as  they  would  now  be  called  Executive  Committee), 
there  was  a  large  list  of  contributors  and  quite  a  number  who 
became  life  members.  The  Association  has  had  under  its  care 
thirty-two  widows  (whose  needs  have  always  been  carefully 
supplied),  and  over  sixty-five  orphans  whom  it  has  educated  as 
well  as  fed  and  clothed,  until  they  were  able  to  provide  for 
themselves.  In  fact  is  is  impossible  to  give  even  a  faint  outline 
of  its  labor  of  love,  during  these  forty-two  years  of  ceaseless 
activity.  In  all  this  time  there  has  never  been  an  interruption 
either  in  its  organization  or  its  systematic  benevolence  and 
nobly  is  it  still  fulfilling  its  mission.  From  June  12th,  1866, 
when  "  The  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid  Association  "  was  organized, 
until  May  24th,  1895,  each  year  the  public  has  beheld  only  one 
phase  of  its  work,  the  well-known  demonstration,  Portsmouth 
Memorial  Day  being  originated,  sustained  and  exclusively  man 
aged  by  this  Association  until  the  organization  of  Stonewall 
Camp,  Confederate  Veterans,  since  which  time  this  work  has 
been  shared  between  them. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid  Association  was  the  only  organi 
zation  in  the  town  engaged  in  patriotic  work  until  the  8th  of 
May,  1875,  when  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  the  City  of  Ports 
mouth  and  County  of  Norfolk  met  together  and  formed  The 
Portsmouth  and  Norfolk  County  Monument  Association,  an 
association  as  expressed  in  their  organization  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  and  the  deeds  of  the  gallant  men  who  fell  while  battling 
for  "  Virginia's  rights." 

With  energies  as  alert  as  usual  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid 
Association  worked  heartily  in  this  cause  in  every  way  possible 
assisting  the  Monument  Association  to  raise  means  for  the 
monument  and  also  appropriating  in  addition  quite  a  large  sum 
from  the  society's  funds. 

—  295  — 


December  14th,  1876,,  the  corner-stone  of  our  Confederate 
monument  was  laid  at  the  intersection  of  the  two  most  prominent 
streets  in  the  city. 

From  the  speech  made  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  this 
extract  fully  shows  how  the  work  done  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial 
Aid  Association  was  acknowledged: 

"  For  if  we  of  the  sterner  sex  prove  recreant  to  our  trust,  the 
women,  the  fair  women  of  our  Southern  land,  who  have  already 
taken  upon  themselves  the  task  of  aiding  in  the  work,  will 
accomplish  that  which  should  be  our  privilege  and  the  pride  of 
every  citizen  of  Virginia." 

We  were  a  poor  people  still  in  1876,  but  no  means  were  left 
untried  to  realize  our  cherished  scheme,  and  at  last,  on  June 
15th,  1881,  the  cap  stone  was  raised  and  the  fair  hands  which 
had  worked  so  nobly  to  contribute  this  beautiful  tribute  in 
memory  of  our  dead  assisted  in  placing  it  in  position. 

As  the  years  roll  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid  Association 
each  year  lovingly  and  reverently  decorate  with  choicest  blossoms, 
this  the  proud  memorial  to  our  Confederate  Dead,  and  which 
is  also  a  testimonial  to  the  faithful  labors  of  those  who  lived 
through  and  bore  the  storm  and  stress  of  the  battle  day,  men 
and  women  alike,  veterans  of  the  Confederacy. 

Until  the  organization  of  Stonewall  Camp  Confederate 
Veterans  in  1888,  the  Association  ministered  to  the  wants  of 
destitute  and  sick  soldiers  and  buried  many  of  those  who  died. 
The  City  Council  in  1870  presented  to  the  Association  a  lot  in  the 
City  Cemetery  for  this  purpose.  Some  years  after  the  organization 
of  the  Camp  a  committee  of  the  Association  was  appointed  in 
response  to  a  request  from  the  Camp  to  act  as  almoners  of  their 
bounty.  This  help  to  the  long  work  done  by  the  Association  was 
much  appreciated  and  is  still  carried  on  whenever  occasion 
requires. 

All  save  two  of  the  original  members  have  passed  away,  but 
the  younger  ones  joined  the  Association  and  are  faithfully  carry 
ing  on  the  work.  The  present  managers  are:  President,  Mrs. 
Olivia  J.  Hatton;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  Mary  Moore  and  Mrs. 
J.  Phillips;  Treasurer,  Miss  Julia  Brooks;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary 
A.  Bingley;  Historian,  Miss  V.  S.  Staples.  Members:  Mrs.  0. 
V.  Smith,  Mrs.  K.  McAlpine,  Mrs.  Yates  McAlpine  Wilson, 
Mrs.  A.  P.  Grice,  Mrs.  Sarah  Manning,  Mrs.  Edgar  Nash,  Mrs. 
Wm.  Stewart,  Mrs.  E.  A.  Jack,  Miss  L.  Jack,  Miss  F.  CuthrieL, 
Miss  Annie  Emmerson. 

—  296  — 


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There  is  also  a  Junior  Association  composed  of  young  ladies,, 
daughters  of  Confederate  Veterans.  The  Junior  Memorial 
Aid  Association  was  organized  on  the  9th  of  May,  1875,  under 
the  supervision  of  a  committee  from  the  older  association.  They 
are  active  and  in  every  way  are  ready  to  assist  the  older  organi 
zation  especially  on  Memorial  Day. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  and  members  of  the 
Junior  Association: 

President,  Miss  Janey  Peters;  Vice-President,  Miss  Clara 
Ashton;  Treasurer,  Miss  Fanny  Langhorne;  Secretary,  Miss 
Carrie  Barlow.  Members:  Marie  Hume,  Jennie  Watts,  Fanny 
Slater,  Retta  Beatton,  Winifred  Watts,  Pauline  Bilisoly,  Katy 
Bilisoly,  Eliza  Benson  Bilisoly,  Lulie  Hudgins,  Lucrece  Schroe- 
der,  Essie  Wilson,  Sarah  K.  Wilson,  Susie  Grice,  Mrs.  Clayton 
Threadcraft. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  Virginian  Pilot  of  May 
22nd,  1901 : 

"  The  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid  Association  has  just  completed 
the  erection  of  new  marble  headstones  over  the  graves  in  the 
Stranger  Confederate  lot  in  Cedar  Grove  Cemetery.  It  has  for 
a  long  time  been  part  of  the  love-inspired  work  of  the  Society 
to  care  for  the  graves  of  soldiers  who  died  here  as  strangers. 
Only  six  bodies  lie  buried  in  this  lot.  The  graves  are  those  of 
Private  Charles  E.  Smith  of  Company  I,  Fourth  Eegiment 
Georgia  Infantry,  died  May  8th,  1861;  Private  Young  W.  H. 
Smith,  Company  I,  Fourth  Eegiment  Georgia  Volunteers,  died 
May  llth,  1861;  an  Unknown  Georgia  Private;  Albert  Johnson, 
Isle  of  Wight  County,  Virginia;  David  Krantz,  Valley  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  J.  R.  Hughes,  Petersburg,  Virginia ;  all  privates. 

"  The  Memorial  Association  some  months  ago  started  a  move 
ment  for  the  purchase  of  suitable  marble  slabs.  Money  was 
raised  by  private  subscription,  and  the  work  finished  in  time 
for  Confederate  Memorial  Day.  The  society  had  great  difficulty 
in  finding  the  names  and  regiments  of  the  soldiers  and  the  initials 
of  another  being  unknown,  although  members  of  the  Association 
remembered  that  three  of  the  men  were  of  some  Georgia  regi 
ment.  Letters  were  written  to  a  number  of  prominent  Georgians, 
including  General  J.  B.  Gordon  and  Wm.  A.  Wright,  Comp 
troller  General  of  the  State. 

"  The  latter  inserted  a  card  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution  which 
brought  the  desired  information  in  regard  to  the  Smiths.  C.  A. 
Greer,  of  Oglethrope,  Macon  County,  Georgia,  wrote  to  Comp- 

—  297—  " 


troller  Wright,  that  the  Smiths  were  brothers  from  his  county 
and  members  of  the  Macon  County  Volunteers.  Comptroller 
Wright  in  a  letter  to  the  Memorial  Asoeiation  said :  '  In  behalf 
of  the  family  of  these  two  gallant  soldiers,  who  appear  to  have 
been  the  first  soldiers  who  died  in  Portsmouth  in  April,  in  1861, 
and  also  in  behalf  of  the  Confederate  Veterans  of  this  State,  I 
desire  to  convey  to  you  our  sincerest  appreciation  of  your 
efforts  to  properly  mark  the  graves  of  these  two  soldiers.' 

"  In  the  same  lot  has  also  been  erected  by  the  Ladies7  Memorial 
Association  and  friends  a  handsome  marble  urn  in  memory  of  the 
Sisters  of  Mercy.  The  urn  presents  a  handsome  appearance  and 
is  suitably  inscribed/77 

Friday,  May  15th,  1903,  was  a  notable  day  in  the  history  of 
the  Ladies'  Memorial  Aid  Association  of  Portsmouth,  for  on  that 
day  the  Association  saw  fulfilled  the  promise  made  to  themselves 
in  the  second  clause  of  their  constitution  in  June  1866,  which 
was  to  erect  a  suitable  monument  to  the  Confederate  soldiers  of 
Portsmouth.  So  imperative  was  the  call  for  help  from  the 
living  that  they  laid  aside  all  thought  of  erecting  in  their  own 
name  and  on  their  own  lot  a  memorial  exclusively  their  own. 

But  each  year  the  list  of  beneficiaries  grew  smaller  and  the 
demands  less  urgent  until  at  last  in  the  early  Spring  of  1903, 
the  Association  felt  justified  in  carrying  out  their  long-delayed 
plan.  A  simple  shaft  of  granite  especially  adapted  to  its  purpose, 
"  A  Memorial  Stone  77  was  erected  in  the  center  of  the  soldier's 
lot.  When  unveiled  that  lovely  May  day  in  the  presence  of  a 
large  concourse  of  our  citizens,  every  member  of  the  Associa 
tion  radiant  with  joy  felt  that  at  last  they  could  show  to  the  world 
"  here  in  simple  unostentatioii  we  set  our  seal  to  the  work  of 
forty-two  years.77  The  pathos  of  the  beautiful  occasion  was 
enhanced  by  the  presence  of  one  of  the  surviving  members  of 
the  original  Sisters  of  Mercy. 

VIRGINIA  S.  STAPLES. 


—  298  — 


HOLLYWOOD  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

The  Hollywood  Memorial  Association  of  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia  was  formally  organized  May  3,  1866  and  chartered  Janu 
ary  19,  1891.  It  was  formed  to  care  for  and  preserve  from 
neglect,  the  graves  of  about  twelve  thousand  Confederate  sol 
diers,  the  majority  of  whom  had  died  from  wounds  and  disease 
in  the  hospitals  of  Richmond.  Memorial  Day  was  at  once 
inaugurated  by  this  Association  and  promptly  adopted  by  other 
Southern  Associations.  In  spite  of  the  impoverished  condition  of 
the  people  $26,620.00  was  raised.  The  grounds  of  this  part 
of  Hollywood  Cemetery,  covering  sixteen  acres,  were  entirely 
unimproved  and  the  whole  of  the  sum  raised  and  more  was 
needed  to  clear  the  grounds,  pave,  drain,  grade  walks,  mark 
each  grave  and  erect  a  Memorial  Pile  of  Virginia  granite.  A 
few  years  later  three  thousand  bodies  were  removed  from  Get 
tysburg  and  about  a  thousand  more  from  the  battlefields  around 
Richmond.  These  sixteen  thousand  graves  represent  every  State 
of  the  Confederacy,  and  when  the  Sister  States  were  called  to 
help  some  years  later  in  repairing  the  graves  from  the  ravages 
of  time  and  inevitable  neglect,  they  turned  not  away  but  sent 
from  many  Southern  hearts  substantial  aid  with  ready  sympa 
thy  in  the  work  of  this  Association.  Since  May,  1880,  when  the 
Association  was  re-organized  to  May,  1901,  $8,946.00  had  been 
raised  and  expended  in  the  care  of  these  grounds.  Sixteen 
acres  is  a  large  area  to  keep  in  order  with  limited  means,  and 
it  has  been  done  in  this  instance,  only  with  the  careful  expendi 
ture  and  constant  watchfulness,  by  the  loving  hearts  to  whom 
was  entrusted  the  especial  part  of  this  work.  The  member 
ship  fee  of  one  dollar  a  year  is  inadequate  for  the  absolutely  nec 
essary  expenses  in  caring  for  the  grounds,  and  a  movement  is 
now  on  foot  to  secure  an  annual  appropriation  of  the  State 
Treasury  for  this  purpose.  It  seems  only  proper  that  each 
Southern  State  should  recognize  in  this  manner,  the  debt  due 
those  who  laid  their  lives  down  in  defence  of  her  rights  and 
her  honor.  In  1891  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association  insti 
tuted  the  custom  of  holding  a  mass  meeting  on  the  evening  of 
the  Annual  meeting.  The  objects  of  this  mass  meeting  are  to 
inform  the  public  of  the  yearns  work,  to  keep  alive  interest  in 
the  objects  of  the  Association,  and  to  instruct  the  young  people 

—  299  — 


of  the  city  in  the  causes  and  history  of  the  war  by  an  address 
from  either  a  veteran  or  one  competent  for  the  work.  The  same 
year  was  begun  the  custom  of  holding  Memorial  Services  in 
each  of  the  various  churches  in  turn  the  Sunday  before  Mem 
orial  Day.  These  services  are  of  a  strictly  religious  character  and 
these  three  Memorials  of  the  Confederacy  held  in  the  month  of 
May,,  and  instituted  by  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association, 
have  done  much  to  excite  the  interest  and  enthusiasm  of  the 
younger  generation  and  to  implant  in  their  hearts  a  love  that 
will  never  die  for  those  heroes  who  suffered  defeat  and  death 
with  a  nobility  of  spirit  that  victory  could  never  have  given. 

In  1892  this  association  formed  a  branch  Association  com 
posed  of  boys  and  girls  known  as  the  Junior  Hollywood  Mem 
orial  Association.  It  was  the  first  Junior  Association  of  this 
character  in  the  city,  it  is  a  body  of  reliable  workers  and  from 
it  must  come  the  future  of  this  Association.  In  1893  the  Holly 
wood  Memorial  Association  appealed  to  the  City  of  Richmond 
for  the  house  occupied  by  President  Davis  during  the  war  to 
be  used  as  a  Confederate  Museum.  By  forming  a  new  society 
to  conform  to  some  legal  technicalities  in  the  city  charter,  the 
Hollywood  Memorial  Association  as  the  Confederate  Memorial 
Literary  Society,  received  the  house,  and  the  necessary  amount 
to  make  the  Museum  fireproof,  and  to  complete  the  monument 
in  this  city  to  the  Private  Soldier  and  Sailor,  was  promptly 
raised.  The  present  effort  is  not  only  to  keep  clean  the  hills 
and  slopes  of  the  soldiers'  section  in  Hollywood,  but  to  lend 
a  helping  hand  in  rearing  a  monument  to  President  Davis  that 
will  attest  through  coming  generations  the  loyalty  of  women 
of  the  South  to  her  chosen  Representative.  The  principal  work 
of  this  association  during  the  last  thirty-six  years  may  be  briefly 
stated  as  folows: 

1st.  The  inauguration  of  Memorial  Day  in  1866  which  led 
to  the  institution  of  Memorial  Day,  there  being  authentic  proof 
that  the  suggestion  which  led  to  a  National  observance  of  the 
day  was  received  from  a  visit  to  Hollywood  on  Memorial  Day  by 
a  party  of  prominent  Northern  people. 

2d.  The  raising  and  expenditure  of  $26,620.00  in  erecting  a 
monument  of  Virginia  granite  marking  twelve  thousand  graves, 
making  beautiful  the  sixteen  acres  known  as  the  soldier's  section 
in  Hollywood  and  keeping  this  ground  in  order  for  thirty-six 
years. 

—  300  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENT; 

Unveiled  1869. 
Richmond,  Virginia. 


3d.  Kemoving  four  thousand  bodies  from  Gett}rsburg  and 
other  battlefields  to  Hollywood. 

4th.     Establishing  a  Confederate  Museum  in  this  city. 

5th.  The  organization  of  three  other  societies  viz:  Confeder 
ate  Memorial  Literary  Society,  Junior  Hollywood  Memorial 
Association,  and  Memorial  Association  at  Appomattox. 

6th.  Institution  of  an  annual  Confederate  Mass  Meeting 
on  May  3d. 

7th.    Institution  of  Memorial  Sunday. 

The  effort  not  yet  successful,  but  never  to  be  abandoned  until 
it  does  succeed  of  securing  an  annual  appropriation  from  the 
State  of  Virginia  to  be  expended  by  the  various  Memorial  Asso 
ciations  in  the  State  in  preserving  the  Confederate  Cemeteries 
not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  thus  securing  for  all  time,  the 
preservation  of  these  sacred  spots.  This  Association  is  careful 
to  note  this  effort,  because  it  is  hoped  that  other  Southern  States 
following  Virginia  in  this  as  in  other  efforts  to  preserve  the 
truth  of  history,  may  make  similar  appropriations  for  their 
Confederate  Cemeteries  and  thus  record  in  their  legislative 
enactments  the  intention  of  the  Southern  States,  to  do  for  their 
sons  who  died  to  defend  State  Sovereignty  and  Constitutional 
freedom,  what  a  national  government  has  done  to  preserve  the 
graves  of  those  who  died  defending  their  conception  of  the 
Union. 

Eecently  the  General  Assembly  of  Virginia  has  passed  an 
"  Act "  authorizing  an  annual  appropriation  for  the  care  and 
preserving  of  Confederate  graves  and  cemeteries  in  the  State  of 
Virginia  not  otherwise  provided  for.  For  the  final  success  of 
this  movement  the  Association  is  deeply  indebted  to  Mrs.  E.  C. 
Minor,  who  was  for  so  many  years  its  faithful  and  efficient 
Corresponding  Secretary. 

That  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association  has  made  an  impress 
on  the  life  of  this  people  cannot  be  questioned,  for  since  its  organi 
zation  it  has  led  in  every  movement  in  this  city  that  pertained 
to  perpetuating  the  memory  of  the  Confederacy.  The  officers 
of  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association  are :  Mrs.  Joseph  Bryan, 
President;  Mrs.  J.  Taylor,  Miss  Baughman,  Miss  Boykin,  Mrs. 
James  B.  Pace,  Vice-Presidents ;  Mrs.  Maxwell  T.  Clarke,  Treas 
urer;  Miss  Mary  G.  Crenshaw,  Eecording  Secretary;  Mrs.  J. 
Calvin  Stewart,  Corresponding  Secretary.  It  is  with  reverent 

—  301  — 


pride  in  the  noble  women  who  have  given  to  its  work  of  their 
best,  that  this  history  is  published. 

MARY  G.  CRENSHAW, 
Recording  Secretary. 


JUNIOR  HOLLYWOOD  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

Ten  years  ago  the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association,  having 
been  organized  as  a  working  band  of  Confederate  women  in 
1866,  found  their  ranks  beginning  to  thin  by  the  age  and 
death  of  its  members,  and  decided  to  organize  an  auxiliary 
formed  of  the  youths,  both  boys  and  girls  thus  keeping  up 
the  working  ranks  of  a  Cause  that  must  not  die  in  our  South 
land.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  P.  H. 
Starke,  May  7th,  1892,  at  which  meeting  Mrs.  E.  D.  Hotch- 
kiss  presided,  the  outcome  of  this  meeting  being  the  organization 
of  the  present  body  called  the  "  Juniors."  Thirty-seven  names 
were  enrolled  with  the  following  officers :  President,  Miss  May 
Greer  Baughman;  Vice-President,  Miss  Elv.  Maury  Werth; 
Secretary,  Miss  Norma  Stewart  Walker;  Treasurer,  Master  W. 
Douglas  Gordon.  This  Association  grew  rapidly  and  in  1892 
had  a  membership  of  290.  In  1893  the  Juniors  were  asked  to 
assist  in  the  Confederate  Bazaar,  which  was  held  in  Richmond, 
for  the  joint  purpose  of  completing  "Private  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Monument,"  and  to  put  the  Jefferson  Davis  mansion  in  proper 
condition,  to  be  used  as  a  museum.  The  "  Solid  South  "  table, 
which  they  had  charge  of  on  this  occassion  met  with  unusual 
success,  the  amount  turned  into  the  treasury  being  the  large 
sum  of  $2,102.03.  The  next  work  was  the  removal  of  fifty-two 
Confederate  soldiers  from  Drewry's  Bluff.  This  work  was  ably 
superintended  by  Mr.  Richard  Wilson.  In  many  of  the  graves 
were  only  found  a  few  bones,  in  others  a  belt  buckle  or  some 
brass  buttons.  The  remains  were  all  carefully  laid  in  separate 
pieces  of  oil-cloth.  Tenderly  they  were  re-interred  in  dear  old 
Hollywood  with  military  honors.  The  Senior  Association  each 
year  has  been  assisted  by  the  Juniors,  and  under  the  able  leader 
ship  of  Mrs.  E.  D.  Hotchkiss,  Honorary  Vice-President,  the 
Juniors  have  increased  their  ranks  to  three  hundred  and  ninety- 
five.  Many  of  the  children  in  this  work,  after  reaching  man- 
hcod  and  womanhood,  dropped  out,  leaving  the  faithful  few  who 

—  302  — 


worked  with  ever  increasing  zeal.  The  Juniors  were  given  the 
task  of  decorating  Lee  and  Howitzer  Monuments  on  Memorial 
Day.  In  1899  added  to  their  charge  was  the  officers'  section, 
lying  in  a  remote  part  of  the  cemetery.,  and  found  to  need  much 
attention.  This  section  has  been  beautifully  put  in  order,  new 
headstones  put  where  old  ones  had  fallen  down,  and  the  section 
outlined  by  granite  curbing.  On  Memorial  Day  this  section  is 
always  tastefully  decorated  in  flowers  and  Confederate  flags, 
each  member  taking  especial  pride  and  pleasure  in  this  work. 
Miss  May  Baughman,  who  has  from  its  start,  worked  faithfully 
ii  this  Association,  made  four  handsome  bunting  flags,  two  being 
hand-embroidered.  These  flags  are  the  principal  decoration  used 
on  General  E.  E.  Lee's  monument  on  Memorial  Day.  The  pro 
gram  for  the  annual  mass  meeting  of  the  Hollywood  Memorial 
Association  is  arranged  altogether  by  the  Juniors.  On  Stonewall 
Jackson's  birthday,  22nd  of  January,  they  always  give  a  Silver 
Tea,  thus  bringing  together  socially  all  Confederate  Organiza 
tions,  and  also  increasing  the  fund  in  the  Treasury. 

The  day  before  Memorial  Day  they  gather  at  the  Soldiers' 
Home  to  make  wreaths  and  garlands  to  use  in  decorating  monu 
ments  and  sections.  The  old  veterans  cheerfully  and  gallantly 
assist  in  this  work.  June  1899,  the  Society  met  with  a  heavy 
loss  in  the  death  of  their  honored  President,  Mrs.  Norma  Stew 
art  Hume,  who  had  grown  up  as  a  little  girl  in  their  midst, 
afterwards  becoming  their  President.  Mrs.  N.  V.  Eandolph 
was  then  urged  to  take  the  leadership  of  the  Juniors.  Mrs. 
Eandolph,  was  of  course,  an  active  worker  in  the  Senior  Associa 
tion,  but  loving  to  encourage  and  in  every  way  help  the  young, 
she  cheerfully  and  grandly  pushed  forward  the  work.  The 
organization  seemed  to  take  new  life  under  her  leadership.  Mrs. 
Randolph,  after  getting  them  well  started  to  work,  felt  that  it 
was  important  that  the  President  be  one  of  the  younger  mem 
bers,  and  at  the  ensuing  election  in  1901,  declined  re-nomina 
tion.  Miss  Elizabeth  Townes  was  then  elected  President,  Miss 
Annie  Gray,  First  Vice-President ;  Miss  May  Baughman,  Second 
Yice-President ;  Miss  Anna  Boykin,  Third  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
W.  M.  Wade,  Eecording  Secretary;  Miss  Lucy  Clair  Atkin 
son,  Corresponding  Secretary;  Miss  Bessie  Hill,  Treasurer. 
These  officers  were  re-elected  in  1902.  The  past  year  under 
Miss  Townes  has  been  a  very  successful  one,  much  work  having 
been  accomplished.  The  Confederate  Bazaar,  which  will  be  held 

—  303  — 


in  April  1903,  will  find  the  Juniors  in  the  front  rank  of  work 
ers  again.  This  year  the  Juniors  joined  by  invitation  the  Con 
federated  Southern  Memorial  Association.  The  Hollywood 
Memorial  Association  also  extended  an  invitation  to  the  Juniors 
to  unite  with  them  and  form  one  organization.  After  due 
deliberation  they  decided  to  decline.  While  appreciating  the 
wish  of  the  Seniors,  it  was  considered  best  to  continue  working 
as  a  separate  Association,  the  members  pledging  themselves  to 
assist  the  mother  organization  in  any  and  every  way.  It  is  a 
distinct  association,  worthy  to  be  the  heirs  in  honor  of  its  mother 
— the  Hollywood  Memorial  Association,  and  may  her  mantle 
fall  on  the  shoulders  of  her  child — the  Junior  Holtywood  Mem 
orial  Association. 

MRS.  W.  M.  WADE, 
Recording  Secretary. 


OAKWOOD  MEMOEIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

On  the  19th  of  April,  1866,  a  little  band  gathered  in  the  old 
Third  Presbyterian  Curch,  and  after  a  devout  prayer  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Proctor,  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  was  founded. 
This  organization  had  for  its  object  the  caring  for  the  graves, 
and  perpetuating  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the 
Confederacy,  whose  remains,  to  the  number  of  over  16,000, 
rest  within  the  confines  of  Oakwood  Cemetery.  The  dead  from 
the  following  States:  Maryland,  19;  Virginia,  1,138;  North 
Carolina,  1,417;  South  Carolina,  510;  Georgia,  1,696;  Florida, 
345;  Alabama,  928;  Mississippi,  398;  Louisiana,  149;  Texas, 
193;  Arkansas,  33;  Tennessee,  134;  Kentucky,  20;  Recorded 
and  State  not  given,  1,148;  Unknown,  8,000;  Total,  16,128. 
Many  of  the  dear  women  founding  that  noble  organization  have 
long  since  entered  into  their  eternal  rest,  but  their  younger  sis 
ters,  their  daughters  and  grand-daughters,  prove  now  that  their 
principles  and  teaching  fell  on  fertile  ground,  for  in  all  these 
long  years  which  have  elapsed,  the  Association  has  been  steadily 
growing,  and  to-day  it  is  one  of  the  most  active  Confederate 
Memorial  Associations  in  the  South. 

May  10th,  1866  was  chosen  as  the  inaugural  memorial  cele 
bration,  and  it  will  show  how  eager  the  Association  was  to 
begin  the  service  of  honoring  the  brave  Confederate  Dead  in 

—  304  — 


Oakwood,  if  I  can  copy  a  line  or  two  from  our  old  record,  now  in 
the  keeping  of  the  Confederate  Museum :  "  About  9  A.  M.  the 
exercises  began;  opened  by  prayer,  in  old  St.  John's  Church, 
by  Dr.  Price,  an  address  followed  by  Dr.  Norwood,  after  which 
the  procession  numbering  500  people,  walking  two  and  two, 
their  arms  loaded  with  spring's  sweetest  flowers,  walked  out  to 
Oakwood,  where  several  other  addresses  were  listened  to,  as  was 
also  a  letter  from  General  Robert  E.  Lee."  The  graves  of  the 
Confederate  soldiers  were  then  tearfully  strewn  with  evergreens 
and  flowers.  Ah !  these  graves  were  then  so  newly  made.  Many 
a  hand  trembled,  and  many  a  sob  came  from  those  broken 
hearted  women  that  first  Memorial  Day.  June  26th,  1866, 
such  names  as  President  Davis  and  wife,  General  Eobert  E. 
Lee  and  wife,  Joseph  E.  Johnston  and  wife  and  Mrs.  T.  J. 
Jackson  were  added  to  Oakwood  Memorial  Association's  list. 
Mrs.  Mary  H.  Smith  of  sainted  memory  was  the  first  President. 
May  24,  1866,  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  made  a  proposi 
tion  for  a  union  with  Hollywood  Association  (Hollywood 
Association  was  organized  May  3,  1866),  the  proposition  was 
duly  presented  by  Dr.  Edwards,  and  Hollywood  rejected  it.  All 
hope  of  uniting  the  two  Memorial  Associations  was  then  forever 
given  up  and  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  went  to  work  in 
deed  and  in  truth.  Head-boards  and  foot-boards  were  placed 
over  each  grave,  neatly  marked  with  name,  state  and  regi 
ment,  etc.  Money  was  scarce;  but  with  self-denial  and  industry 
this  task  was  soon  accomplished,  Legislatures  of  Georgia,  South 
Carolina  and  Mississippi  helping  nobly  in  this  cause.  On 
July  4,  1866  the  young  men  of  the  Eastern  part  of  the  city 
volunteered  to  work  in  Confederate  section  in  Oakwood.  The 
grounds  were  much  improved  and  many  flowers  planted  and 
general  interest  seemed  to  be  growing  in  the  younger  set. 

February  1867  the  city  of  Galveston  gave  Oakwood  Memorial 
Association  $382.66 ;  the  Association  now  sees  her  debts  all 
paid,  and  with  undaunted  zeal,  these  loving  hearts  prepare  to 
further  honor  her  beloved  dead  by  placing  a  monument  to 
their  memory,  to  stand  a  perpetual  memorial  of  their  glorious 
deeds.  The  corner  stone  of  the  monument  was  laid  May  24th, 
1868,  and  on  Memorial  Day,  1872,  the  beautiful  shaft  of  gran 
ite  was  unveiled.  The  work  of  decay  is,  however,  going  on  all 
this  while  on  the  wooden  head  and  foot  boards ;  they  had  in 
1887  become  an  unsightly  spectacle,  and  as  no  funds  were  in 
hand  to  put  new  head  boards,  Oakwood  Memorial  Association 


—  305  — 


reluctantly  consented  to  have  the  decayed,  wooden  boards  re 
moved,  and  maps  of  the  ground  were  made  by  the  City  Engineer, 
graves  located  and  numbered  in  a  chart,  and  soon  thereafter  a 
fund  was  started  for  replacing  the  wooden  head  boards  with 
granite  head  and  footstones,  which  will  stand  the  ravages  of 
time  and  weather.  At  this  writing,  we  are  still  working  to 
raise  money  for  this  object,  Virginia  Legislature  has  again  and 
again  been  petitioned  for  help,  so  far  in  vain* 

In  1877,  the  beloved  first  President,  Mrs.  Smith  died.  Mrs.  A. 
Y.  Stokes  succeeded  her  as  President,  working  with  much 
zeal  for  the  good  of  the  cause ;  she  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Henry 
Christian  as  President.  It  was  during  this  admirable  admin 
istration  that  the  Junior  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  was 
organized,  March  23,  18  9  G,  Mrs.  Alice  Fitz,  as  the  energetic 
President.  This  Junior  Organization  has  been  the  comfort 
and  pride  of  the  Senior  Association.  Miss  Bodeker  was  made 
President  of  the  Senior  Association,  March  4,  1897.  March 
7,  1900,  Mrs.  Stephen  Beveridge  was  elected  President.  She 
has  ever  had  the  loving  support -of  both  branches  of  the  Associa 
tion,  and  in  this  brief  history  it  is  impossible  to  tell  how  the 
Virginia  Legislature  has  been  petitioned,  by-laws  revised,  new 
members  added,  etc.,  and  how  each  year  with  the  coming  of 
flowers  and  the  glad  song  of  bird,  we  weave  wreaths  and  gar 
lands,  and  lay  them  upon  the  still  bosoms  of  our  sleeping  heroes. 

Truly  can  it  be  said  that  our  work  is  not  being  neglected 
in  the  hands  of  the  present  Association.  The  Juniors,  s6  young 
and  hopeful,  and  so  eager,  have  joined  in  heartily;  and  it  was 
from  them  came  the  suggestion  that  Oakwood  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  have  a  memorial  service  at  some  church  on  Sunday 
preceding  Memorial  Day.  The  idea  was  grasped  at  once,  and 
all  its  possibilities  for  good  recognized,  and  our  first  Memorial 
service  in  church  was  held  Sunday  evening,  May  6,  1900.  The 
church  was  filled  with  the  old  veterans,  and  they  had  not  then 
the  form  and  front  of  grim  visaged  war,  but  a  softened,  sweet 
ened  expression,  as  they  listened  to  the  man  of  God,  a  son  of  an 
old  Confederate  veteran,  Rev.  Ashby  Jones.  JSTow  our  Mem 
orial  service  is  a  fixed  factor,  and  will  never  be  discontinued. 
In  1900,  Oakwood  joined  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
Association,  and  sent  as  a  delegate  to  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
one  of  its  members,  Mrs.  D.  C.  Richardson,  who  was  then 

*  Since  writing  the  above  the  General  Assembly  of  Virginia  has  passed  an  act 
authorizing  an  annual  appropriation  for  the  care  and  preservation  of  the  Confederate 
graves,  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

—  306  — 


CONFEDERATE   MONUMENTS. 


Union  Springs,  Alabama. 

Unveiled  1895. 
Portsmouth,  Virginia. 

Unveiled  1903. 
Winchester,  Virginia. 

Unveiled  1879. 


6. 


,  Albany,  Georgia. 

Unveiled  IQOI. 
Manassas,  Virginia, 

Unveiled  1889. 
Americus,  Georgia. 

Unveiled  1901. 


chosen  Vice-President  for  Virginia.  In  1900  all  the  old  vol 
umes,  containing  the  Oakwood  Memorial  Asociation's  records, 
from  organization,  were  lovingly  gathered,  and  with  the  origi 
nal  books,  containing  the  death  roll  of  Confederates  at  Oak- 
wood,  were  presented  to  the  Confederate  Museum.  Thus  a 
volume  of  Oakwood7  s  history  was  finished;  and  we  lovingly 
gave  it  into  the  keeping  of  the  Confederate  Museum.  We  had 
a  fac-simile  of  the  old  volume  made,  and  a  new  chapter  of 
Oakwood  Memorial  Association  is  now  being  written,  and  as 
the  years  go  by  this,  too,  shall  be  added  to  the  Museum's  sacred 
store.  Let  us  hope  as  time  goes  on  other  volumes  shall  again 
and  again  be  finished  and  given  to  the  proper  custodians,  and 
thus  the  history  of  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  be  kept  as 
long  as  the  sun  floods  this  blessed  Southland,  and  as  long  as 
memory  lasts.  God  bless  the  Confederated  Southern  Memorial 
Association,  and  grant  to  its  members  the  spirit  of  unselfish 
devotion,  and  crown  them  with  a  womanhood  as  untarnished 
as  is  the  glory  of  the  brave  Confederate  dead. 

MRS.  STEPHEN  BEVERIDGE, 

President. 


JUNIOR  OAKWOOD  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 

The  Junior  Oakwood  Memorial  Association  was  organized 
March  23rd,  1896,  with  a  membership  of  sixty.  Its  first  and  only 
President  is  Mrs.  Alice  C.  Fitz,  under  whose  guidance  the  Asso 
ciation  has  pressed  onward  in  the  work  of  the  Southern  Cause, 
rendering  ever  a  helping  hand  to  the  mother  Association.  Mrs. 
Fitz  has  ever  endeavored  to  keep  in  the  minds  of  those  associated 
with  her  the  object  for  which  the  Association  was  organized.  The 
membership  has  decreased,  still  the  remaining  few  are  loyal  to 
a  Cause,  dear  to  the  hearts  of  the  Southern  women,  who  have 
endeavored  to  show  to  the  world  that  the  Heroes  of  '61-'65  will 
ever  be  remembered.  The  Junior  Oakwood  has  on  Memorial 
Day,  May  10th  (Annual),  the  care  of  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Monument,  which  stands  on  an  eminence  which  is  beheld  by  the 
parties  entering  historic  Richmond,  whether  by  water  or  rail. 
The  entrance  to  Oakwood  Cemetery  where  stands  the  first  monu 
ment  erected  to  the  Confederate  Dead,  is  also  the  care  of  the 
Juniors,  and  it  is  saying  indeed  little,  when  I  say  the  Juniors 
perform  well  every  duty  assigned. 

—  307  — 


CONFEDERATE  MEMORIAL  LITERARY  SOCIETY, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA. 


Object:  The  Preservation  of  Confederate  Records  and  Relics. 
THE  CONFEDERATE  MUSEUM. 

On  May  26,  1890,  in  the  City  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  "The 
Confederate  Memorial  Literary  Society"  was  organized  from  the 
"Ladies  Hollywood  Memorial  Association,"  an  association  which 
had  been  in  existence  since  May  3,  1866.  The  new  society  was 
duly  chartered  May  31,  1890,  and  at  once  began  its  work,  which 
was  to  collect  and  receive  by  gift,  purchase  or  otherwise  all 
books  and  other  literary  productions  pertaining  to  the  late  war 
between  the  States,  and  of  those  engaged  therein;  all  works  of 
art  and  science,  all  battle-flags  and  relics  and  other  emblems  of 
that  struggle,  and  to  preserve  and  keep  the  same  for  the  use  of 
said  society  and  the  public. 

The  purpose  of  the  society  was  first  to  secure  the  house  which 
had  been  occupied  by  President  Jefferson  Davis  during  the  war, 
and  to  convert  it  into  a  Confederate  Memorial  Hall,  which  should 
represent  the  whole  South,  in  the  Capital  of  the  Confederate 
States.  To  seek  the  endorsement  and  co-operation  of  these 
States  and  the  Confederate  Camps,  an  appeal  was  published  in 
every  Southern  newspaper,  and  sent  broad-cast  to  all  Southern 
ers,  asking  their  aid  to  establish  this  Museum  in  the  "White 
House  of  the  Confederacy,"  to  be  a  combined  offering  of  love 
and  gratitude  from  the  entire  Southern  people,  to  commemo 
rate  the  virtues  of  the  heroes  from  all  the  Southern  States.  How 
heartily  this  was  indorsed  was  shown  by  the  magnificent  re 
ceipts,  both  in  money  and  in  relics,  from  the  "  Memorial 
Bazaar,"  held  in  Richmond,  in  the  early  spring  of  1893. 

Recovered  at  last  from  its  use  as  headquarters  for  the  Federal 
troops  and  the  threatened  use  of  it  by  the  "Freedmen's  Bureau" 
as  a  negro  school,  this  historic  building  was  donated  to  the 
Confederate  Memorial  Literary  Society  in  December,  1890,  and 
was  presented  by  John  B.  Gary,  on  the  part  of  the  city  on  June 
3,  1894,  for  the  purposes  assigned  in  its  charter.  The  last 
official  act  of  the  Hon.  J.  Taylor  Ellyson,  as  Mayor  of  the 
City  of  Richmond,  Va.,  was  to  affix  his  signature  to  this  deed. 
The  work  of  restoration  was  immediately  begun.  The  repairs 

—  308  — 


were  necessarily  costly  and  extensive,  when  the  building  is  pre 
served,  as  it  was  when  used  as  the  Executive  Mansion  of  the 
Confederate  States,  except  that  it  is  now  fire-proof  and  steam- 
heated.  The  work  was  somewhat  delayed  by  a  consideration  of 
the  plans  proposed  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Kouss  and  presented  to  the 
society  by  Col.  E.  C.  Wood  and  others  in  the  fall  of  1893. 

These  plans  were  almost  identical  with  our  own,  which  were 
by  this  time  already  well  advanced.  It  was  not,  however,  until 
1896  that  the  building  was  ready  for  the  reception  of  its 
treasures,  the  collection  of  which  had  been  in  charge  of  a 
special  committee  for  three  years. 

On  February  22,  1896,  it  was  formally  opened  to  the  public 
with  appropriate  exercises,  prayer  by  the  world  renowned  divine 
and  loyal  Confederate,  Rev.  Moses  D.  Hoge,  D.  D.,  and  an 
eloquent  address  by  Gen.  Bradley  T.  Johnson,  who  was  intro 
duced  by  the  Governor,  Charles  T.  O'Ferrell.  All  of  the  city 
officials  and  members  of  the  Legislature  were  present,  and  the 
battalion  and  band  of  the  Richmond  Light  Infantry  Blues  in 
attendance. 

A  room  was  assigned  to  each  State,  Regents  and  Vice-Regents 
having  already  been  elected,  and  the  work  of  placing  the  relics 
was  begun.  The  Southern  Historical  Society  accepted  a  room 
as  the  future  home  for  its  valuable  library,  archives  and  other 
historical  data,  and  in  two  weeks  time  the  rooms  presented  the 
appearance  which  justified  the  collection  of  an  entrance  fee. 
Saturdays  were  made  free.  Necessary  committees  for  the  man 
agement  of  the  Museum  had  been  appointed.  There  was  also  an 
advisory  board  of  Confederate  Veterans,  some  of  the  most 
prominent  gentlemen  of  the  city.  Miss  Isabel  Maury,  a  relative 
of  Commodore  Matthew  F.  Maury  and  of  Gen.  Dabney  H. 
Maury  was  elected  House  Regent,  and  a  janitor  was  appointed. 
Other  assistants  soon  became  necessary  and  two  Confederate 
Veterans  were  elected  for  these  duties. 

From  the  opening  of  the  Museum  on  February  22d,  until 
the  following  December,  the  visitors  numbered  nearly  eight 
thousand,  of  whom  one-fourth  were  from  the  North  and  foreign 
countries.  These  visitors  number  nearly  10,000  each  year.  At 
the  reunion  of  Confederate  Veterans  held  in  Richmond  in  1896, 
Mrs.  Davis,  once  more  in  her  old  home,  held  a  reception  for 
these  old  heroes  and  the  public.  She  was  assisted  by  her  daugh 
ter,  Mrs.  Maggie  Davis  Hayes,  and  her  grandson,  Jefferson 

—  309  — 


Davis,  illness  preventing  the  presence  of  "Miss  Winnie."  It 
was  at  once  inspiring  and  pathetic  to  witness  the  loyal  devotion 
there  displayed. 

Old  mantels  and  chandeliers  and  a  small  portion  of  the  furni 
ture  and  draperies  belonging  to  the  home-life  of  1861-1865  have 
been  replaced.  Over  each  door  is  the  name  of  the  State  repre 
sented  and  her  coat  of  arms,  and  in  each  room  have  been  placed 
sealed  ebony  cases,  brackets  and  revolving  frames,  copied  from 
the  best  authorities.  A  handsome  souvenir  book  has  been  printed 
containing  the  charter  of  the  Society,  the  opening  prayer  and 
addresses,  the  sketches  of  the  record  of  each  State  in  the  war, 
with  illustrations  of  the  building  and  relics.  A  catalogue  was  is 
sued  in  1898,  the  articles  then  numbering  over  four  thousand. 
Since  that  time  numerous  valuable  relics  have  been  added  and 
valuable  historic  papers  received.  South  Carolina  has  purchased 
one  hundred  copies  of  this  catalogue  for  distribution  in  the  State. 

The  shaft  of  the  "Virginia"  (the  old  Merrimac),  raised  from 
the  spot  where  she  was  sunk  by  her  own  crew  with  her  colors 
flying,  has  been  presented  to  the  Museum,  and  the  occasion  was 
marked  by  appropriate  ceremonies.  One  of  the  latest  and  most 
valuable  acquisitions  is  "the  Chapman  pictures,"  the  purchase 
of  which  was  made  possible  by  contributions  from  different 
States,  all  except  two  responding  to  an  appeal  for  the  purpose. 
This  collection  consists  of  thirty-one  oil  paintings  made  by  Mr. 
Conrad  Wise  Chapman,  stationed  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
during  its  siege.  The  incidents  of  that  siege  he  has  chosen  for 
his  theme  in  these  paintings.  These  pictures  are  valuable  not 
only  for  the  interest  which  attaches  to  that  marvellous  defence, 
but  as  a  living  witness  to  the  truth  of  history.  Two  of  the 
number  show  the  first  torpedo  boats  successfully  used  in  naval 
warfare,  constructed  and  manned  by  Confederates,  and  another 
represents  calcium  lights  also  used  for  the  first  time  in  war.  A 
drawing  of  these  boats  has  been  granted  by  the  Society  for  the 
forth-coming  volume  of  the  Naval  Records  by  the  United  States 
Government.  Important  data  in  the  United  States  War  Eecords 
were  obtained  here  as  well  as  from  the  Southern  Historical 
Society. 

A  valuable  library  is  likewise  being  collected  of  all  data  per 
taining  to  the  war,  and  to  the  period  both  before  and  after  that 
tremendous  struggle.  In  this  library  are  fifty-five  volumes 
already  complete  with  the  register  of  the  names  and  records  of 
8,000  Confederate  soldiers.  For  this  purpose  blank  forms  called 


"Rolls  of  Honor,"  to  be  filled  with  name  and  attested  record  of 
any  soldier,  are  sent  out  by  a  "Memorial  Committee"  whose  duty 
it  is  to  secure  as  many  of  these  forms  filled  as  pos 
sible.  These  are  bound  and  placed  in  the  Museum, 
where  they  are  open  for  inspection.  There  is  a  con 
tinuing  demand  for  these  blanks,  and  it  is  the  earnest  de 
sire  of  the  Society  that  the  name  of  every  Confederate  soldier 
shall  be  obtained  by  the  efforts  of  camps,  families  and  friends, 
that  they  may  through  all  time  stand  upon  this  "Battle  Abbey 
Roll"  of  the  Confederate  States.  A  large  number  of  rosters  of 
the  Missouri  troops  have  been  presented  to  the  Missouri  Room., 
by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  of  that  State,  and  many 
others  of  different  States  have  been  placed  in  the  Museum.  Lee 
Camp,  Soldiers'  Home  of  Richmond,  Va.,  has  already  placed 
some  of  its  relics  here,  while  its  entire  collection  is  pledged 
hereafter.  The  Soldiers'  Home  at  Higginsville,  Missouri,  has 
deeded  its  treasures  finally  to  this  Society,  and  we  have  other 
promises  to  like  effect. 

The  well  known  "Mary  De  Renne  Collection,"  presented  to 
the  Georgia  Room,  by  Dr.  Everard  De  Renne  in  memory  of  his 
mother,  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  Confederate  records  in 
existence.  The  Georgia  Room  also  holds  the  "Gilmer  Memor 
ials"  in  memory  of  Gen.  J.  F.  Gilmer,  Chief  of  the  Engineer 
Bureau  of  the  Confederacy.  These  were  presented  by  his 
daughter,  Mrs.  J.  Florence  Minus,  of  Savannah,  Ga.  In  this 
Memorial  are  a  number  of  the  original  maps  of  Gettysburg  and 
the  Virginia  campaigns.  When  being  framed  in  New  York, 
these  maps  were  seen  and  an  offer  of  $5,000  was  made  for  them. 

Texas  has  adopted  a  plan  differing  from  other  States,  sending 
furniture  carved  and  inlaid  with  Confederate  flags  and  brass 
plates,  as  memorials  of  her  heroes,  and  of  the  battles  in  which 
they  became  immortal.  Two  memorial  windows  will  soon  be  put 
in  place  in  this  room,  one  will  be  to  Hood's  Division.  In  this 
brief  sketch  it  is  impossible  to  give  any  adequate  idea  of  the 
work  done,,  or  of  the  relics  stored  in  each  room.  In  some  of 
these  rooms  it  seems  that  every  available  space  is  filled  with 
memorials  of  all  kinds;  in  others  the  collection  is  not  so  large, 
while  others  still  are  sadly  deficient.  The  grounds,  building 
and  furnishing  represent  over  $60,000,  while  the  contents  are 
beyond  any  valuation.  The  current  expenses  are  covered  by 
the  door  fees,  sale  of  souvenirs,  books  and  annual  membership 
fees,  while  for  other  necessary  expenditures,  entertainments  and 

—  311  — 


various  efforts  are  required.  Life  membership  fees  go  toward 
an  Endowment  Fund. 

The  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  when  in  convention  at 
Eichmond,  passed  a  resolution  that  each  State  President  should 
recommend  some  appropriation  from  each  Chapter  towards  the 
expenses  of  the  Museum  and  her  own  room.  Six  Chapters 
in  Georgia  have  responded,  the  Augusta  Chapter  pledging  ten 
dollars  annually,  also  three  chapters  in  South  Carolina  and  a  few 
others.  South  Carolina,  by  the  solicitation  of  her  regent,  has 
ordered  through  her  Legislature  an  appropriation  of  $100  for 
this  work.  There  are  continued  calls  on  the  treasury  for  repairs 
and  improvements  on  the  house  and  grounds,  painting,  and  new 
fixtures  to  accommodate  the  increasing  gifts.  The  wonder 
ful  collection  now  in  the  Museum  (with  the  exception  of  the 
Chapman  pictures)  has  been  a  free  will  offering.  It  has  been 
with  grief  that  many  valuable  relics  offered  for  sale  have  had  to 
be  declined. 

The  interest  and  number  of  visitors  have  continued  undi- 
minished  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  we  find  our  work  is 
generally  appreciated.  An  Englishman  who  had  visited  many 
Museums  said  to  our  House-Eegent,  that  the  Confederate  Mu 
seum  in  the  home  of  Jefferson  Davis,  President  of  the  Confed 
erate  States,  at  Eichmond,  is  not  surpassed  by  any  in  interest 
nor  in  its  classifications  and  arrangements. 

The  aim  of  this  first  report  of  the  Confederate  Memorial 
Literary  Society  has  been  to  give  an  outline  of  the  work  under 
taken  and  accomplished  so  far  by  this  Society.  In  the  brief 
space  allotted  us,  necessarily  much  of  interest  has  had  to  be 
omitted.  It  would  be  difficult  under  any  circumstance  to  give 
a  true  conception  of  the  relics  gathered  into  this  treasure-house 
of  our  beloved  Cause.  Without  the  actual  presence  one  can  not 
realize  the  thrill  of  awakened  love  and  agony  as  we  gaze  upon 
the  spotless  uniform  of  the  Chieftain  and  the  matchless  Chris 
tian  soldier,  donned  for  the  first  and  last  time  amid  his  ragged, 
starving  soldiers,  when  he  passed  before  them  to  lay  down  more 
than  life  at  Appomattox,  the  garments  stained  with  the  life- 
blood  of  "  Stonewall "  Jackson,  the  once  flowing  plumes  now 
worn  and  rusty  of  that  gallant  knight,  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  the 
gauntlets  of  the  wise  and  far-seeing  Johnston,  the  saddle  of  the 
daring,  dauntless  Morgan,  the  field-glasses  of  the  marvelous 
Forrest,  "  the  Niagara  of  the  West,"  and  those  used  by  that 
genius  of  war,  Beauregard.  "What  more  shall  I  say,  for  the 

—  312  — 


time  will  fail  me,  if  I  tell "  of  those  beloved  by  us,  as  by  their 
own  States,  of  Hood,  Gordon,  Hampton,  A.  P.  Hill,  Breathed, 
Pelham,  Loring,  Cleburne,  Price,  "  who  through  faith  subdue 
kingdoms,  from  weakness  were  made  strong,  waxed  mighty  in 
war,  turning  to  flight  armies  of  the  aliens ;"  and  of  him  who  bore 
the  sorrows  of  them  all !  In  a  little  room  of  his  once  happy 
home,  where  he  had  so  often  held  conference  with  Lee  and  Jack 
son,  planning,  in  hope,  victory  and  triumph  of  right,  there  now 
greets  our  eyes  the  simple  suit  of  gray,  worn  by  Jefferson 
Davis,  when  captured.  Was  he  a  traitor?  Then  were  all  these 
others !  Indicted  as  a  traitor,  manacled  as  a  f  elon^  charged 
with  crimes,  suffering  the  penalty  of  the  law,  while  all  others 
went  free. 

Yerily  shall  the  Southern  people  have  turned  traitor  to  all 
they  once  held  dear,  and  to  their  own  lofty  ideals  when  they 
fail  to  honor  the  man  they  themselves  placed  in  the  fore-front 
of  danger ! 

The  officers  of  the  Confederate  Memorial  and  Literary  Society 
are: 

President,  Mrs.  Joseph  Bryan ;  Honorary  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
E.  D.  Hotchkiss;  First  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Alfred  Gray;  Sec 
ond  Vice-President,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Minor;  Third  Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Annie  E.  Grant ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  H.  T.  Ellyson ;  Recording 
Secretary,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Robinson;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs. 
Lizzie  Gary  Daniel. 

Advisory  Board. — Mr.  Joseph  Bryan,  Chairman ;  Judge  E.G. 
Minor,  Colonel  W.  G.  McCabe,  J.  Taylor  Ellyson,  'E.  V.  Valen 
tine,  Judge  George  L.  Christian,  Colonel  W.  E.  Cutshaw,  Colonel 
John  B.  Purcell,  E.  D.  Hotchkiss,  R.  S.  Bosher;  Dr.  J.  P. 
Smith,  Chaplain. 

REGENTS  AND  VICE-REGENTS. 

Maryland — Regent,  Mrs.  William  Reed;  Vice-Regent  Mrs.  C. 
O'B.  Cowardin. 

Virginia — Regent,  Miss  Mildred  Lee;  Vice-Regent,  Mrs.  J. 
Taylor  Ellyson. 

North  Carolina — Regent,  Mrs.  Armistead  Jones ;  Vice-Regent, 
Mrs.  John  W.  Gordon. 

South  Carolina — Regent,  Miss  Mary  Singleton  Hampton; 
Vice-Regent,  Mrs.  H.  A.  Claiborne. 

Georgia — Regent,  Mrs.  Robert  Emory  Pails;  Vice-Regent, 
Miss  K.  C.  Stiles. 

Florida — Regent,  Mrs.  Francis  P.  Fleming;  Vice-Regent, 
Mrs.  R.  A.  Patterson. 

Alabama — Regent,  Miss  Mary  Clayton;  Vice-Regent,  Mrs  J. 
H.  Drake. 

—  313  — 


Mississippi — Regent,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Duncan,  Jr. ;  Vice-Regent, 
Mrs.  J.  P.  Mclntosh. 

Louisiana — Regent,  Mrs.  John  Young  Gilmore;  Vice-Regent, 
Mrs.  L.  R.  Dashiell. 

Texas — Regent,  Mrs.  A.  V.  Winkler;  Vice-Regent,  Mrs.  Caz- 
neau  McLeod. 

Arkansas — Regent,   Mrs.   James    Sparks;   Vice-Regent,   Mrs. 
Decatur  Axtell. 

Tennessee — Regent,  Mrs.  Kellar  Anderson ;  Vice  Regent,  Mrs. 
N.  V.  Randolph. 

Kentucky — Regent,  Mrs.  Basil  Duke;  Vice-Regent,  Miss  M. 
P.  Harris. 

Missouri — Regent,  Mrs.  L.  B.   Valliant;  Vice-Regent,  Mrs. 
G.  P.  Stacy.  r*l 

Solid  South — Regent,  Miss  Nannie  Randolph  Heth;  Vice- 
Regent,  Miss  Minnie  Baughman. 

LIZZIE  GARY  DANIEL, 
Corresponding  Secretary. 


LADIES'   CONFEDERATE   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION, 
WINCHESTER,  VIRGINIA. 

On  the  18th  day  of  April,  1861,  the  day  after  the  Virginia 
Convention  passed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  six  or  eight  com 
panies  of  Virginia  volunteers  arrived  in  Winchester,  where  they 
were  joined  by  three  companies  from  the  town.  That  night  they 
went  by  rail  to  Halltown,  and  found  on  their  arrival  at  that  place 
the  greater  portion  of  the  2nd  Virginia  Regiment,  which  had 
been  called  out  by  the  Colonel  commanding  before  he  received 
orders  from  the  Governor.  Halltown  is  four  miles  from  Harper's 
Ferry,  and  the  object  of  the  expedition  was  to  capture  the  -latter 
place  where  were  located  an  arsenal  and  an  armory  of  the 
United  States.  There  was  a  company  of  U.  S.  regulars  at 
Harper's  Ferry,  but  on  the  approach  of  the  Virginia  troops 
they  set  fire  to  the  public  buildings  and  evacuated  the  place.  The 
armory  was  saved,  and  its  machinery  removed  South  and  used 
during  the  war  in  the  manufacture  of  arms. 

The  Virginia  soldiers  were  not  equipped  for  war,  and  at  first 
had  neither  a  commissary  nor  quartermaster's  department.  The 
ladies  of  Winchester  at  once  organized  a  relief  corps  and  went 
to  work,  making  suitable  and  necessary  clothing  for  the  soldiers 
in  the  field.  At  the  head  of  this  organiaztion  was  Mrs.  Philip 

—  314  — 


OFFICERS   OF   MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATIONS. 


Mrs.  Marv  Ann  Forman, 
Quincy,  Florida. 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  Moore, 

Portsmouth,  Virginia. 

Mrs.  Jennie  Edwards, 

St.  Louis,  Missouri. 


2.  Mrs.  Annie  R.  Munnerlyn, 

Waynesboro,  Georgia. 

4.  Mrs.  R   H.  M.  Davidson, 
Quincy,  Florida. 

6.  Mrs.  Rosa  Moore  McMaster, 
Waynesboro,  Georgia. 


Williams,  a  lady  of  great  energy  and  executive  ability.  She 
soon  gathered  around  her  an  army  of  earnest  workers,,  who, 
from  that  time  until  the  close  of  the  war,  devoted  themselves 
to  feeding,  clothing,  and  nursing  Confederate  soldiers,  and  to 
their  kind  care  many  a  Confederate  soldier  owes  his  life.  There 
were  half  a  dozen  battles  fought  in  and  near  the  town,  and 
skirmishes  almost  innumerable.  The  place  changed  hands 
eighty-seven  (87)  times  during  the  war,  and  almost  every  field 
along  the  turnpike  leading  from  the  northern  to  the  southern 
line  of  Frederick  County  (of  which  Winchester  is  the  County 
seat)  was  a  battle  field.  For  the  four  years  of  the  war  there  were 
Confederate  hospitals  in  the  town,  and  the  nurses,  with  the 
exception  of  detailed  men,  were  all  volunteers  from  the  ladies 
of  the  place,  who  worked  night  and  day  without  pay  or  reward 
in  relieving  the  sufferings  of  the  sick  and  wounded  in  hospitals 
and  private  homes. 

Within  a  few  weeks  after  the  surrender  at  Appomattox  and 
certainly  not  later  than  the  month  of  May,  1865,  for  it  was 
while  the  farmers  were  breaking  up  their  land  for  corn  planting, 
Mrs.  Williams  called  at  the  residence  of  the  Eev.  Dr.  A.  H.  H. 
Boyd — who  was  then  suffering  from  disease  contracted  in  a 
Federal  prison  and  from  which  he  died  a  few  months  later. 
Mrs.  Boyd  was  a  sister-in-law  of  Mrs.  Williams,  and  had  been 
one  of  her  most  active  co-workers  during  the  war. 

As  soon  as  Mrs.  Williams  entered  the  room,  she  said  that  a 
farmer  had  told  her  the  day  before  that  in  preparing  his  land 
for  corn,  he  had  plowed  up  the  remains  of  two  Confederate 
soldiers,  and  that  a  neighbor  had  had  a  similar  experience ;  that 
she  had  been  kept  awake  nearly  all  night  trying  to  devise  some 
plan  by  which  the  further  desecration  of  the  graves  could  be 
prevented. 

After  discussing  the  matter  for  some  time,  these  two  ladies 
determined  to  call  together  at  an  early  day  those  who  had  worked 
so  faithfully  during  the  war,  and  organize  a  Memorial  Associa 
tion,  the  object  of  which  should  be  to  gather  together  in  one 
grave  yard  all  the  Confederate  Dead  within  a  radius  of  twelve 
or  fifteen  miles,  and  get  the  people  to  assemble  every  year  and 
place  flowers  and  evergreens  upon  the  graves.  During  the 
discussion  of  the  plan,  Dr.  Boyd,  who  was  in  his  sick  bed,  and 
it  might  be  said  on  his  death  bead — every  now  and  then  made 
a  suggestion,  and  when  the  plan  was  determined  upon  and  Mrs. 

—  315  — 


Williams  was  about  to  leave  the  room,  he  asked  to  be  propped 
up,  and  then  said :  "  Let  us  ask  God's  blessing  upon  your  work." 
These  two  ladies  knelt  at  the  bed-side  of  the  sick  minister,  who 
prayed  that  means  might  be  provided  to  make  the  undertaking 
a  success,  and  that  God  would  put  it  into  the  hearts  of  the  people 
for  generations  to  come  to  meet  together  every  year  and  honor 
the  memories  of  these  brave  and  noble  dead. 

The  prayer  has  been  answered ! 

The  writer  cannot  say  on  what  day  the  Memorial  Association 
was  organized,  but  remembers  distinctly  its  members  met  fre 
quently  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  Boyd  during  the  summer  of  1865 
— they  met  there  to  accommodate  Mrs.  Boyd,  who  could  seldom 
leave  her  husband  on  account  of  his  illness. 

Long  before  the  summer  was  over  the  Association  was  actively 
at  work  with  the  following  officers,  viz:  President,  Mrs.  Philip 
Williams;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  A.  H.  H.  Boyd,  Miss  Mary 
Kurtz,  Miss  Tillie  Eussell;  Secretary,  Miss  Lucy  Williams. 
Mrs.  Williams  also  acted  as  Treasurer. 

The  soldiers  who  died  in  the  hospitals  and  private  houses  had 
been  buried  principally  in  an  abandoned  church  graveyard  in  the 
town,  while  those  who  were  killed  in  battle  had  been  generally 
buried  on  the  field.  The  undertaking  was  a  large  one.  The 
Southern  people  were  impoverished,  and  the  Shenandoah  Valley 
had  been  laid  waste.  But  these  noble  women  of  the  Winchester 
Memorial  Association  determined  to  overcome  all  difficulties, 
and  what  they  lacked  in  money  they  made  up  in  pluck  and  devo 
tion.  Some  time  during  the  summer  or  early  fall  of  1865,  the 
citizens  of  Winchester  held  a  meeting  and  appointed  a  committee 
to  co-operate  with  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association,  and  in  an 
address  appealing  to  the  people  of  the  South  for  pecuniary  aid, 
the  committee  stated  that  they  had  been  appointed  by  a  public 
meeting  of  citizens  "held  in  furtherance  of  the  design  originated 
by  Mrs.  Philip  Williams  and  Mrs.  A.  H.  H.  Boyd." 

The  Ladies'  Association  and  the  Committee  worked  in  perfect 
harmony,  and  soon  accumulated  sufficient  funds  to  justify  a 
beginning.  The  people  from  most  of  the  Southern  States 
responded  liberally,  and  with  the  opening  of  Spring  in  1866, 
the  land  had  been  purchased  and  paid  for,  and  the  work  of  re-in 
terment  begun.  The  remains  of  each  soldier  were  placed  in 
a  separate  coffin  and  in  a  separate  grave,  and  many  were  brought 
from  ten  to  fifteen  miles.  There  were  2,494  in  all,  and  on  the 

—  316  — 


25th  of  October,  1866,  eighteen  months  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  the  work  of  removal  had  been  completed,  and  "Stonewall 
Cemetery  was  formally  dedicated. 

The  remains  of  General  Turner  Ashby  were  brought  from  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  placed  in  "  Stonewall "  on  the  day  of 
the  dedication.  The  exercises  and  ceremonies  were  solemn  and 
impressive  and  there  were  thousands  of  people  present.  Ex- 
Governor  Henry  A.  Wise  delivered  the  address  in  which  he  said : 
"A  Lost  Cause !  //  Lost  it  was  false;  if  true  it  is  not  lost" 

But  the  work  was  not  yet  finished.  It  is  true  that  the  dead 
had  been  removed  to  a  safe  resting  place,  and  there  was  no 
longer  any  danger  of  the  graves  being  desecrated.  Stonewall 
Cemetery  is  situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  and  adjoins 
Mount  Hebron,  the  Citizens'  Cemetery.  They  are  enclosed  to 
gether  with  a  handsome  iron  fence,  a  mile  or  more  in  length, 
the  gift  of  Charles  Broadway  Bouss,  who,  with  his  father, 
mother,  wife,  son  and  daughter  sleep  in  the  magnificent  mauso 
leum  which  he  erected  in  Mount  Hebron  before  his  death.  For 
a  valuable  consideration  already  paid,  the  Mount  Hebron  Com 
pany  is  bound  to  take  care  of  Stonewall  Cemetery  for  all  time 
to  come,  thus  insuring  that  the  latter  will  not  be  neglected. 

Stonewall  Cemetery  is  divided  into  lots,  walks  and  driveways — 
a  lot  for  the  dead  of  each  State,  and  a  center  mound  in  which 
are  buried  eight  hundred  and  fifteen  (815)  "Unknown  and 
Unrecorded  Dead."  The  graves  of  the  known  were  all  marked 
with  head-boards,  containing  the  name,  rank,  company  and 
regiment,  and  the  plan  contemplated  that  before  these  head 
boards  would  decay  the  people  of  each  State  would  replace 
them  with  marble  or  granite  headstones.  With  the  exception  of 
two  States  this  has  been  done,  and  arrangements  are  now  being 
made  by  patriotic  women  in  these  two  States  to  place  head 
stones  in  their  respective  lots.  A  majority  of  the  States  have 
also  erected  handsome  monuments.  But  while  it  was  believed 
that  each  State  would  mark  the  graves  of  its  known  dead,  there 
was  no  State  to  provide  for  the  unknown.  The  Memorial  Asso 
ciation  undertook  this  work  and  in  1879  erected  a  magnificent 
monument  of  marble  nearly  fifty  feet  in  height,  and  at  a  cost  of 
ten  thousand  ($10,000)  dollars,  on  which  are  carved  the  words: 

"  Who  they  were,  none  know, 
What  they  were,  all  know." 

They  also  erected  a  handsome  monument  in  the  Virginia  lot  and 

—  317  — 


one  to  the  Ashby  Brothers,  and  placed  marble  headstones  at  each 
grave  in  that  lot. 

The  6th  of  June,  the  anniversary  of  the  death  of  General 
Turner  Ashby,  is  our  Memorial  Day.  It  was  observed  in  1866, 
and  without  intermission  has  been  observed  every  year  since. 
The  people  come  by  thousands  from  this  and  the  adjoining 
counties  of  Virginia,,  and  West  Virginia,  and  it  is  a  day  as  well 
known  in  our  calendar  as  the  22d  day  of  February  or  the  4th  of 
July. 

The  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  has  charge  of  the  ceremonies 
on  the  6th  of  June,  and  have  had  since  1866.  They  are  materi 
ally  assisted  by  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  and  the 
Turner  Ashby  Camp,  but  all  invitations  are  sent  out  and  all 
arrangements  made  in  the  name  of  the  Association.  It  has  now 
very  few  members  on  its  roll.  The  Daughters  have  taken  their 
places  and  the  surviving  members  of  the  Association  are  enrolled 
among  the  Daughters,  and  in  some  instances  the  same  person 
holds  office  in  both  organizations. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Association  are:  Vice-Presidents, 
Miss  Mary  Kurtz  and  Miss  Lucy  Russell.  Miss  Russell  is  also 
the  Treasurer  and  Acting  Secretary.  No  one  has  been  formally 
elected  President  since  the  death  of  Mrs.  Boyce. 


—  318  — 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


LD  21A-60m-4,'64 
(E4555slO)476B 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


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6 
54- 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


